Systemic Lidocaine Infusion for Post-Operative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Systemic lidocaine can provide satisfactory post-operative analgesia in adults. In this study, we assessed whether intravenous lidocaine is effective for post-operative analgesia and recovery in children undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. A total of 66 children aged from six months to less than six years were classified in either the lidocaine (L) or control (C) groups. Children in Group L received a lidocaine infusion (a bolus dose of 1 mL kg-1, followed by a 1.5 mg kg-1 h-1 infusion), whereas Group C received the same volume of 0.9% saline. The primary outcome was the number of patients who presented face, legs, activity, crying and consolability (FLACC) scores of four or more, and therefore received rescue analgesia in the post-anesthesia recovery care unit (PACU). Secondary outcomes included the highest FLACC score in the PACU, FLACC, and the parents' postoperative pain measure (PPPM) score at 48 h post-operation, as well as side effects. The number of children who received rescue analgesia in the PACU was 15 (50%) in Group L and 22 (73%) in Group C (p = 0.063). However, the highest FLACC score in PACU was lower in Group L (3.8 ± 2.4) than in Group C (5.3 ± 2.7) (p = 0.029). In conclusion, systemic lidocaine did not reduce the number of children who received rescue analgesia in PACU.ope

The comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane on postoperative hepatic function of infant with biliary atresia undergoing Kasai operation

Background: Biliary atresia is an extrahepatic progressive obliterate cholangiopathy that occurs in infants. Kasai procedure, a surgical method that can help re-establish bile flow from the liver into the intestine, is its first line treatment. Since infants with biliary atresia already have advanced hepatic dysfunction, all kinds of schemes should be considered to minimize further liver damage during surgery. The objective of this study was to compare the postoperative hepatic functions between the two commonly used inhalational anesthetics in infants undergoing the Kasai procedure (i.e., desflurane and sevoflurane). Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center, and parallel group study included 40 children undergoing Kasai procedure. They were randomly allocated to Group S (sevoflurane) or Group D (desflurane). All the patients were anesthetized with designated anesthetic agent with the end-tidal concentration of about 0.8–1 minimum alveolar concentration. Postoperative hepatic functions were assessed by aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, prothrombin time, and total bilirubin. Results: A total of 38 patients were selected for the study. In both groups, AST, ALT were increased in magnitude to the peak on postoperative day 0 and decreased to preoperative value at postoperative day 3. There were no significant differences between the groups in any laboratory results related to liver function. Conclusions: Sevoflurane and desflurane, inhalation anesthetics for maintaining anesthesia used in infants undergoing the Kasai procedure, did not show any difference in preserving postoperative hepatic function. Keywords:ope

Development of a small animal model to simulate clinical stereotactic body radiotherapy-induced central and peripheral lung injuries

Given the tremendous potential of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), investigations of the underlying radiobiology associated with SBRT-induced normal tissue injury are of paramount importance. This study was designed to develop an animal model that simulates centrally and peripherally located clinical SBRT-induced lung injuries. A 90-Gy irradiation dose was focally delivered to the central and peripheral areas of the left mouse lung with an image-guided small-animal irradiation system. At 1, 2 and 4 weeks after irradiation, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of the lung were taken. Lung function measurements were performed with the Flexivent® system (SCIREQ©, Montreal, Canada). For the histopathological analysis, the lungs were fixed by perfusing with formalin, and paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's Trichrome. Gross inspection clearly indicated local lung injury confined to the central and peripheral areas of the left lung. Typical histopathological alterations corresponding to clinical manifestations were observed. The micro-CT analysis results appeared to correlate with the histopathological findings. Mouse lung tissue damping increased dramatically at central settings, compared with that at the control or peripheral settings. An animal model to simulate clinical SBRT-induced central and peripheral lung injuries was developed and validated with histopathological, radiological and functional analyses. This model increases our understanding of SBRT-induced central and peripheral lung injuries and will help to improve radiation therapy in the future.ope

Solid dispersion법을 이용한 난용성 약물 Coenzyme Q10의 생체이용률 개선

학위논문(석사) --서울대학교 대학원 :제약학과,2008.2.Maste

한국 부산광역시 해안 대수층 내의 해수 침투 저감을 위한 담수 주입 및 염수 추출 기법의 삼차원 수치 모의

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 지구환경과학부, 2011.8. 김준모.Maste

Dynamic behaviors of water droplets on the superhydrophobic surface at various conditions

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 생활과학대학 의류학과, 2021. 2. 박정희.본 논문에서는 폴리에스터 필름, 직물 그리고 편성물에 나노 거칠기 및 소수성 부여함으로써 초소수성 표면을 구현하여 마이크로 구조가 다른 각 표면에서 물방울 거동을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 물방울 부피, 낙하 높이 그리고 표면 기울기 등의 표면 접촉 환경 조건과 시료의 표면 구조를 조절하였으며 웨버수와 충돌 시 작용하는 압력들 간의 관계를 통해 표면 젖음성 및 물방울 거동 양상을 비교 분석하였다. 각 초소수성 표면에서의 정적 접촉각은 물방울 부피가 증가함에 따라 다소 감소하였지만 그 차이는 미미하였다. 반면, 동적 접촉각인 shedding angle과 sliding angle은 감소하였다 표면 기울기가 0°인 수평면에서는 낙하 높이 1cm에서 물방울의 부피와 상관없이 물방울이 동일하게 리바운드 거동을 보인 반면, 낙하 높이가 10cm일 때는 표면에 집적되는 현상이 나타나기 시작하였다. 표면 기울기가 15°인 기울어진 표면에서는 낙하 높이 1cm에서 수평면과 동일하게 물방울 부피와는 관계없이 일정한 리바운드 거동을 보였고, 낙하 높이가 10cm일 때는 집적되는 경향이 증가하나 수평면에 비해 덜 나타났다. 이를 압력의 평형 관계에 따라 살펴본 결과, 수평면에서는 물방울의 동적 압력이 97Pa로 낮은 경우 각 표면의 모세관 압력이 동적 압력보다 커 리바운드가 일어난 반면 980Pa로 높은 경우 직물과 편성물 표면의 모세관 압력이 동적 압력보다 작아 물방울이 표면에 집적되었다. 반면 기울어진 표면에서는 기울기의 영향으로 동적 압력이 감소하여 물방울이 리바운드 하는 경향이 증가하였다. 물방울의 평균 이동 속도는 물방울 크기가 클수록, 초소수성 직물보다 편성물 표면에서 그리고 낙하 높이가 낮은 경우 크게 나타났다. 또한 낮은 웨버수에서는 모든 초소수성 표면에서 리바운드가 일어난 반면, 상대적으로 웨버수가 높은 경우에서는 표면에 집적되는 거동이 증가하였으며 특히 마이크로 크기의 기공이 있는 경우 그 경향이 크게 나타났다.In this study, polyester film, woven and knitted fabric which have different microstructures were employed to analyze the dynamic behaviors of water droplet on each surface. To do so, variables that have an impact on water droplet behaviors, such as the water droplet volume, the drop height and the surface inclination were controlled. Surface wettability and dynamic behaviors of water droplet were explained through the Weber number and pressure balance between dynamic pressure and capillary pressure. The static contact angle according to the volume of water droplet on each surface decreased slightly as the volume increased, but the difference was insignificant. The shedding angle as well as the sliding angle, however, decreased. On a horizonal surface, when the falling height was 1cm, a similar behavior occurred within each surface regardless of the volume. However, when the falling height was 10cm, the tendency to pin onto the surface increased. On the surface inclined at 15°, regardless of the volume, the same behavior was observed within the surface as on the horizontal surface at the falling height of 1cm. When the falling height was 10cm, the tendency of pinning to the surface increased, but the degree of pinning was reduced by the inclination. According to the pressure balance, rebound occurred on the horizontal surface when the dynamic pressure of the water droplet was as low as 97 Pa and the capillary pressure on each surface was greater than the dynamic pressure. On the other hand, the water droplet was pinned onto the surface when the dynamic pressure of the water droplet was as high as 980 Pa and the capillary pressure on the woven and knitted fabric was smaller than the dynamic pressure. However, on a surface inclined at 15°, the tendency of the water droplet to rebound increased as the dynamic pressure decreased with the impact of inclination. It was observed that with the average sliding velocity of water droplet on the tilted surface, the larger the droplet volume, the higher the average velocity of water droplet. Also, the average velocity on the knitted fabric was higher than that of the woven. When the drop height was low, the average velocity was high. At the lower Weber number, rebound occurred on all surfaces. However, at the relatively higher Weber number, the tendency of pinning onto the surface increased. The tendency was especially high when the surface had micro scale sized pores.Ⅰ. 서 론 1 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1 2. 이론적 배경 5 2.1. 고체 표면 젖음성 이론 5 2.1.1 Young’s model 5 2.1.2 Wenzel model 7 2.1.3 Cassie – Baxter model 8 2.1.4 Wetting transition 10 2.1.5 이중거칠기 구조에서의 표면 젖음성 11 2.2. 고체 표면에서 액적의 거동 13 2.2.1 무차원 수에 따른 동적 거동 13 2.2.2 표면 구조에 따른 동적 거동 15 Ⅱ. 실 험 20 1. 시료 및 시약 19 2. 초소수성 표면 가공 방법 23 2.1. 표면 거칠기 구현 23 2.1.1. 플라즈마 에칭 23 2.1.2. 알칼리 감량 가공 23 2.2. 소수화 처리 24 2.2.1. 열에이징 24 2.2.2. Polydimethylsiloxane 딥 코팅 24 3. 시료의 특성 분석 25 3.1. 표면 구조 및 성분 25 3.2. 표면 젖음성 평가 26 3.2.1. 정적 접촉각 26 3.2.2. 동적 접촉각 27 4. 표면에서의 물방울 거동 분석 29 4.1. 동영상 촬영 29 4.2. 표면에서의 물방울 평균 이동 속도 측정 29 Ⅲ. 결과 및 고찰 31 1. 처리 가공에 따른 시료의 특성 변화 31 2. 측정 조건에 따른 표면 젖음성 36 2.1. 물방울 부피에 따른 정적 접촉각 36 2.2. 물방울 부피에 따른 동적 접촉각 40 3. 측정 조건에 따른 동적 거동 45 3.1. 수평면에서의 동적 거동 47 3.1.1. 물방울 부피와 낙하 높이에 따른 동적 거동 47 3.1.2. 압력 평형 관계에 따른 동적 거동 51 3.2. 기울어진 표면에서의 동적 거동 56 3.2.1. 물방울 부피와 낙하 높이에 따른 동적 거동 56 3.2.2. 압력 평형 관계에 따른 동적 거동 61 3.3. 표면 기울기 각에 따른 거동 속도 비교 64 3.4. 물방울 부피와 낙하 높이에 따른 웨버수 67 Ⅳ. 결 론 72 Ⅴ. 참고 문헌 76 Abstract 86Maste

Right of Publicity and Unjust Enrichment

When one person’s interests have been infringed or appropriated by another person, the rightful owner of the interests can be protected by unjust enrichment claim. But in order to pursue unjust enrichment claim based on infringement of the right of publicity, the claimant first have to establish that the claimant has an exclusive interest, called right of publicity. So to discuss unjust enrichment claim in connection with right of publicity, whether a person is entitled to have an exclusive right to control the commercial use of one’s name, image, likeness or any other identity without any statute recognizing right of publicity should be reviewed. However, even in the United States which allows judges to make law, there is a decision holding that “if such a right is deemed necessary or desirable, such right should be provided for by action of our Legislature and not by judicial legislation.” Some Korean courts’ decisions derive the right of publicity from right to the pursuit of happiness. In addition, though Korea is a civil law country, there are other courts which recognized the right of publicity based on non-statutory grounds such as most foreign countries recognize right of publicity or the need for protection of right of publicity. However, there are some court decisions which deny to recognize right of publicity. Thus, in order to resolve the conflict between court decisions, statutory enactment is required. It is doubtful whether the scope of recovery should be limited to claimant’s loss rather than infringer’s benefit even if the infringer is an intentional infringer whose blameworthiness is much greater than the claimant. Considering the fact that restitution is recognized as a separate remedy from damages, restitution should be considered as a remedy which recaptures infringer’s wrongful gain rather than compensating claimant’s loss. Also, not all recovery of the infringer’s profit is itself punitive. In addition, considering that recovery of the infringer’s profit is also allowed in other cases such as infringements of patent, copyright or trademark, allowing recovery of the infringer’s profit in itself is not unfair. Therefore, especially in case of intentional infringer who has profited from commercial exploitation of another person’s right of publicity, more proper measurement for infringer’s benefit should not be limited to fair market value of claimant’s right of publicity, such as royalty, but should include the profits which infringer has gained and which are attributable to the unauthorized use of the claimant’s right of publicity. Therefore, the standard for measurement of infringer’s benefit in case of infringement of right of publicity should be reconsidered

마우스 수지상세포와 CD4+ T cell의 상호작용에 미치는 예쁜꼬마선충 조항원의 효과

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과(기생충학), 2015. 8. 최민호.Helminth infections have been known to modulate the immune response of the host and several helminth-derived molecules were suggested to have protective effects against allergic diseases and autoimmune diseases. In the previous study, crude extracts of Caenorhabditis elegans (CEC) have been shown to suppress airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of CEC on the interaction between bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and CD4+ T helper cells of mice. CEC treatment on BMDCs markedly attenuated the expression of MHC class II molecules and co-stimulatory molecules including CD80, CD86, and CD40 compared to BMDCs stimulated by LPS alone (P<0.01). Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-12p70, IL-6 and TNF-α, was significantly decreased and that of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was elevated by stimulation of BMDCs with CEC and LPS than those stimulated by LPS alone (P<0.05). Moreover, LPS+CEC-pulsed BMDCs suppressed proliferation of CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells cultured with LPS+CEC-pulsed BMDCs produced significantly higher amounts of Th1 cytokine, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and lower Th2 cytokines including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 compared with those with LPS-pulsed BMDCs (P<0.05). Taken together, the present results suggest that CEC activates BMDCs and induces naïve CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th1 cells and also suppresses the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Therefore, CEC may modulate the immune response of hosts by interacting with BMDCs, resulting in the differentiation of naïve T cells to Th1 cells.Abstract ...................................................................... i Contents ................................................................... iii List of Figures ............................................................ iv List of Abbreviations ..................................................... v Introduction ................................................................ 1 Materials and Methods .................................................6 Results ......................................................................13 Discussion .................................................................25 References ................................................................ 31 Abstract in Korean .......................................................38Maste

Identification of SKP2 as a novel interactor of TWIST1

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 생명과학부, 2012. 2. 설재홍.Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) type transcription factor, originally identified in early mesodermal patterning in Drosophila. Twist homozygous null mutant embryos are not viable in mice and heterozygous loss of Twist results in the autosomal dominant Saethre-Chotzen syndrome in human. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized as a crucial process during embryonic development. In progression of carcinoma, EMT also plays an essential role. Twist plays an important role in programmed cell death and cancer metastasis. Overexpression of Twist causes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) both in mouse and human cancer cell lines. In human breast cancers, upregulated expression of Twist is correlated with a highly invasive lobular carcinoma. In spite of the significance in developmental biology and tumor metastasis, little is known about regulatory mechanism of Twist. In present study, I have demonstrated SKP2 SCF ubiquitin ligase as a novel interacting protein of TWIST1. As an F-box protein, SKP2 recognizes substrate in phosphorylation dependent manner and processes its target by ubiquitin proteasome dependent degradation. However, in this study, the protein stability of TWIST1 was not controlled by SKP2 significantly. Consequently, the biological significance between TWIST1 and SKP2 is remained to be investigated.Maste

(The) effects of a discharge program focusing on home-based care for preterm infants

간호학과/석사[한글]가정에서 미숙아를 돌보는데 있어서 정상아와 다른 미숙아의 특성은 어머니에게 큰 스트레스원으로 작용하며 또한 미숙아를 다루는데 있어서 지식과 기술의 부족으로 불안이 야기되고 양육과 관련한 자신감이 감소하게 된다. 그러므로 미숙아 어머니에게 퇴원 전 계획적이고 반복적인 퇴원교육을 제공함으로써 퇴원 후 가정에서의 초기적응을 도와 양육능력을 향상시키고 궁극적으로는 미숙아의 발달향상과 건강증진에 영향을 미치게 된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미숙아 어머니의 모성자신감을 증진시키고 불안을 감소시키고자 동영상과 워크북을 이용하여 퇴원 전 2회에 걸쳐 미숙아 양육에 대한 정보를 제공하는 재가돌봄 퇴원프로그램을 개발하여 미숙아 어머니가 지각하는 모성자신감, 불안에 대한 효과를 확인하고자 시도하였다. 본 연구는 비동등성 대조군 전후 시차 유사실험 설계로 대상자는 서울소재 S종합병원 신생아집중치료실에서 퇴원하는 미숙아 어머니중 실험군 17명, 대조군 17명의 총 34명이었으며 자료수집 기간은 2008년 9월 20일부터 12월 20일까지 실시하였다. 연구도구는 미숙아 어머니의 상태불안에 대해 김정택(1978)이 번안한 Spielberger (1972)의 상태불안 자가평가도구와 Parker와 Zahr(1985)의 모성자신감 설문지로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 14.0 window program을 이용하여 통계처리하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 제1가설인 ‘재가돌봄 퇴원프로그램을 적용한 실험군은 그렇지 않은 대조군에 비해 미숙아 어머니의 모성 자신감이 높을 것이다.‘는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여 지지되었다(F= 6.405 , P= .002 ). 2. 제2가설인 ‘재가돌봄 퇴원프로그램을 적용한 실험군은 그렇지 않은 대조군에 비해 미숙아 어머니의 불안이 낮을 것이다.’는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여 지지되었다(F= 9.021 , P= .001). 이상의 연구결과에서 미숙아 어머니를 대상으로 한 재가돌봄 퇴원프로그램은 퇴원후 미숙아 어머니의 모성자신감 향상과 불안 감소에 효과적인 간호중재임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 재가돌봄 퇴원프로그램이 간호실무에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. [영문]In taking care of the premature infants at home, their quality that is different from the normal child operates with a big stress to their mothers, and also from want of knowledge and technique, neasiness is caused and losing confidence that relates with child rearing is decreased. Therefore provides the premeditated and repeated education that helps an early adaptation to improve the ability of child rearing and the final aim of this education makes an affect promoting and developing their health and improvement. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a the discharge program Focusing on home-based care for premature infants on maternal confidence and anxiety of mothers with premature infants. The program attempted to provide them with information on childrearing on two occasions prior to being discharged from the hospital. This was done by providing moving picture and work book. This study was based on pretest-posttest nonequivalent nonsynchronized quasi-experimental design. The subjects in this study were 34 mothers who delivered premature infants at a general S hospital in the city of Seoul. An experimental group and a control group were organized with 17 and 17 mothers respectively. Data was gathered from September 20, 2008 through December 20,2008. For measurement of anxiety, Maternal Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1972) adapted by Kim, J.T (1978) was used. We applied Maternal Confidence Inventory(Parker & Zahr, 1985) for measurement of maternal confidence questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed with SPSS 14.0 Windows program. The findings of the study were as follows 1. The first hypothesis that the maternal cofidence in the exprimental group was siginificantly higher than that in the control , since there was a statistically significant gap between the two group((F= 6.405 , P=0.002 ). 2. The second hypothesis that perceived anxiety level score in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control , since there was a statistically significant gap between the two group(F= 9.021 , P= .001). The avovementioned findings suggested that the discharge program focusing on home-based care for preterm infants was an efficient intervention method to boost the maternal confidence of the mothers with premature infants and to decrease their anxiety. Accordingly, the discharge program focusing on home-based care for preterm infants is expected to be of use in nursing program.prohibitio