Charge/Ion Transport Properties of Self-assembled Organic and Polymeric Materials

DoctorThere are rising demands for developing electronics and energy storage system for more widespread uses in a diverse range of applications. This inevitably requires the development of new key materials with high electrochemical properties and good stability. Organic and polymeric materials are therefore expected to be an important elements for next generation electronics and energy storage system, due to their unique advantages such as sustainability, cost-efficiency, environmental friendliness and flexibility. Although organic and polymeric materials have various advantages compared to other conventional materials for energy storage system, the development of organic materials is still in its infant stage. Moreover, some of the drawbacks such as poor electrical conductivity, and slow redox kinetics also exist for enhancement of battery properties. One of the solution to enhance charge properties of organic and polymeric materials is determining and controlling their nano-/micro- structure. Structures of organic and polymeric materials are a crucial parameter in determining the efficiency of charge transfer. For development of sustainable and versatile electronics and energy storage system beyond current status, more fundamental structural studies are needed. Herein, in this thesis, investigation of charge transport properties of self-assembled organic and polymeric materials are described in the perspective of fundamental and application researches such as biosensors, electronics, and lithium batteries. In chapter 1, it gives a brief overview of energy storage system based on organic and polymeric materials. For a long time, organic materials have received much less attention compared to inorganic materials, mainly due of their poor stability and electrochemical performance. However, for the past decades, a lot of different organic molecules have been studied and exhibited great progress. Nowadays, some special candidates of organic materials show comparable or even superior electrochemical performance to the conventional inorganic cathodes. I present some candidates of organic materials for next generation electronics and energy storage systems in this chapter. In chapter 2, I have investigated the enhanced charge transport properties through nanostructured organometallic block copolymers. Organometallic block copolymers, poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane-b-isoprene) (PFS-b-PI), containing electroactive ferrocene moieties are employed as electron mediators where the chemical cross-linking of PI chains greatly increases the stability of electrodes in physiological environments. Notably, catalytic current densities of the fabricated electrodes have proven be a sensitive function of the morphologies of electron mediators. Different nanoscale morphologies, i.e., bicontinous structure, nanowires, and nanoparticles, have been derived and the use of bicontinous PFDMS-b-PI confirms 2~50 times improved catalytic current response than the values obtained from other morphologies; the maximum catalytic current of glucose oxidation was 0.55 mA/cm2 at 60 mM glucose concentration. The bio-sensing ability of the fabricated electrode with structural optimization was also exploited and good sensitivity is obtained at the physiological concentration of glucose in blood. In chapter 3, the improved conductivity was obtained by developing 2-dimensional nanostructure of conducting polymer. I presented a new methodology to synthesize polyaniline (PANI) nanosheets using ice template. The PANI nanosheet demonstrated exceptional electrical conductivity that was a few orders of magnitude higher than that of most HCl-doped PANIs reported to date. Key to success stemmed from the use of ice, offering unique surfaces of water molecules to polymerize aniline molecules. The freestanding PANI nanosheets in tens of nanometers thickness are also easily attained by removal of ice through a simple melting process. In chapter 4, I have investigated the facile synthesis of new naphthoquinone (NQ)-derivatives with high charge transport properties for use in improved lithium-organic batteries. The rational design of these NQ-derivatives is based on theoretical calculations. Our lithium-organic batteries demonstrate remarkable charge-discharge properties, for example, a high discharge capacity of 250 mAh·g−1 (363 mAh·cm−3), discharge potential plateaus in the range of 2.32.5 V, and 99% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 0.2 C. In particular, the batteries had excellent rate performance up to 50 C with reversible redox behavior, unlike most other organic cathode materials. This was attributed a simple molecular substitution, addition amino groups at the 2- and 3- positions of the NQ ring, yielding 2,3-diamino-1,4-naphthoquinone (DANQ). DANQ has an exceptionally low band-gap of 2.7 eV and greater than 20-fold enhancement in the lithium diffusion rate compared to unmodified NQ. This chapter suggests that NQ-derivatives with modulated charge/ion transport properties are a viable alternative to the more widely studied lithium metal oxides

Design and Synthesis of Quinone-Derivatives for High-Performance Lithium Organic Batteries

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Design and Synthesis of New Quinone-Based Organic Materials for Long-Life and High-Rate Lithium Batteries

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Correlation between fertilization rte and human follicular fluid prostaglandin E₂, prostaglandin F₂a, prostaglandin E₂: prostaglandinF₂a ratio

의학과/석사[한글] 난포의 성숙도를 판별하는데는 초음파에 의한 난포의 크기, 수, 형태 측정이 보편적으로 이용되어 왔으나 최근에는 난포액 내의 유기성분중 일부가 그 지표로써 이용될 수 있다는 보고가 계속되어왔다. 즉 난포액 내의 PG E^^2 , PG F^^2a , FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone 등이 난포의 성숙도를 알 수 있는 지표로써 사용가능하지 않을까 하는 의견이 제시되어 왔으나, 수정율, 임신율과의 연관성에는 논란이 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 1992년 4월부터 1999년 3월까지 연세대학교 의과대학 세브란스병원 산부인과 불임클리닉에 내원하여 체외수정을 시행한 환자 중 42명을 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 이들의 연령분포는 20대가 10명, 30대가 26명, 40대가 6명이었으며, 최고령은 46세 , 최소령은 26세였다. 불임의 원인은 배우자의 이상이 19례, 난관의 이상이 18례, 자궁의 이상이 3례, 원인 미상이 3례였고, 1 명은 난관의 이상과 배우자의 이상이 같이 발견되었다. 혈청 Estradiol 농도와 질식 초음파를 이용하여 난포의 크기를 측정하면서 GnRHa와 hMG를 계속 투여하였고, 적절하게 혈청 Estradiol 농도가 증가하고 난포의 크기가 1.7cm 이상 되었을 때 hCG를 주사하고 36시간 후 난자 채취를 시행하였다. 이때 채취한 인간 난포액 내의 PG E^^2 농도, PG F^^2a 농도, PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a 비를 측정하였으며, 이들 측정치와 수정율, 임신율, 최대 난포 직경과의 연관성을 살펴보아 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 총 42례중 수정군이 37례, 비수정군이 12례로 수정율은 71.4 %였고, 수정된 30례 중 임신군이 4례로 임신율은 13.3 %였다. 이는 본원의 평균 임신율 22-25%와 비교하여 저조한 수치이며, 불임의 원인 중 남성 요인이 다수 포함된 때문으로 사료된다. 2. 수정군과 비수정군에 있어 난포액 내의 PG E^^2 농도, PG F^^2a 농도, PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a 비를 비교해 본 결과 두 군간에 있어 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3. 수정 후 배아 이식을 시행한 30례 중 임신 된 경우와 임신되지 않은 경우에 있어 난포액 내의 PG E^^2 농도, PG F^^2a 농도, PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a , 비를 비교한 결과 두 군간에 있어 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4. 난자 채취시 질식 초음파를 이용하여 측정한 난포의 크기 중 최대치와 난포액 내의 PG E^^2 농도, PG F^^2a 농도, PG E2^^ : PG F^^2a , 비를 비교해 본 결과, 각각의 변수에 있어 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계는 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 난포액 내의 PG E^^2 농도, PG F^^2a 농도와 PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a 비는 체외수정 이후의 수정율, 임신율과 상관성이 없을 것으로 사료되며, 각 변수와 난포의 성숙도 사이에도 상관관계가 없는 것으로 보아 초음파의 보조적인 역할로써 난포 의 성숙도를 예상할 수 있는 지표로 사용하는 것은 재고되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. Correlation between fertilization rate and human follicular fluid prostaglandin E^^2, prostaglandin F^^2a, prostaglandin E^^2 : prostaglandin F^^2a ratio Jung Pil Lee Department of Medical Science, The Graduate School , Yonsei University (Directed by Professor Chan Mo Song) Ultrasonography has been routinely used in determining follicular maturation. But recently there are reports that a proportion of organic components in the follicular fluid Hay be employed as parameters. That is, prostaglandin E^^2, prostaglandin F^^2a , steroid hormones, estradiol, and progesterone in the follicular fluid has been suggested to be possible parameters for follicular maturation. However, studies on such organic compounds are still being conducted with controversy regarding fertilization rate in In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) and its relationship with pregnancy rate. The authors studied 42 patients from April, 1992 to March, 1993 who underwent IVF-ET at the Infertile its Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Their age distribution showed 10 in the 20-29 group, 26 in the 30-39 group, 6 over 40, and the minimal and maximal ages were 26 and 46 years, respectively. Reason for infertility was 19 cases of male factor infertility, 18 cases of tubal abnormalities, 3 cases of uterine abnormalities, 3 cases of unknown etiology, and 1 case with tubal abnormality accompanied by male factor infertility. From human follicular fluid obtained from ovaries after superovulation, the levels of PG E^^2 , PG F^^2a , PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a ratio were measured and their relationships with fertilization rate, pregnancy rate, and maximal follicular diameter were analyzed and the tool lowing results were obtained. 1. Among a total of 42 cases, there were 30 fertilizations, and 12 nonfertilizations showing a fertilization rate of 71.4%, and there were 4 cases of pregnancy among the 30 cases of fertilization, representing a 13.3% pregnancy rate. 2. Comparing the follicular fluid levels of PG E^^2 , PG F^^2a , and PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a ratio between the fertilization and nonfertilization group, there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3. Comparing the follicular fluid levels of PG E^^2 , PG F^^2a , PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a ratio between the pregnancy and nonpregnancy group from the 30 closes of embryo transfer, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 4. Comparing the follicular fluid levels of PG E^^2 , PG F^^2a , and PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a ratio with the maximal follicular diameter obtained by vaginal sonography during ovum pick up, there was no significant difference between each parameter. Therefore, this study showed that the levels of PG E^^2, PG F^^2a PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a ratio in the follicular fluid was not adequate as a Barter for predicting fertilization rate and pregnancy rate after IVF-ET. Also, there was no correlation between each parameter and follicular maturation, and consequently it was considered to be inadequate in replacing ultrasonography in the predicting follicular maturation. At the present time, measurements of follicular size which is routinely performed with ultrasonogrphy and assistant parameters such as serum estradiol etc. is probably the best method in selecting mature follicles. [영문] Ultrasonography has been routinely used in determining follicular maturation. But recently there are reports that a proportion of organic components in the follicular fluid Hay be employed as parameters. That is, prostaglandin E^^2, prostaglandin F^^2a , steroid hormones, estradiol, and progesterone in the follicular fluid has been suggested to be possible parameters for follicular maturation. However, studies on such organic compounds are still being conducted with controversy regarding fertilization rate in In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) and its relationship with pregnancy rate. The authors studied 42 patients from April, 1992 to March, 1993 who underwent IVF-ET at the Infertile its Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Their age distribution showed 10 in the 20-29 group, 26 in the 30-39 group, 6 over 40, and the minimal and maximal ages were 26 and 46 years, respectively. Reason for infertility was 19 cases of male factor infertility, 18 cases of tubal abnormalities, 3 cases of uterine abnormalities, 3 cases of unknown etiology, and 1 case with tubal abnormality accompanied by male factor infertility. From human follicular fluid obtained from ovaries after superovulation, the levels of PG E^^2 , PG F^^2a , PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a ratio were measured and their relationships with fertilization rate, pregnancy rate, and maximal follicular diameter were analyzed and the tool lowing results were obtained. 1. Among a total of 42 cases, there were 30 fertilizations, and 12 nonfertilizations showing a fertilization rate of 71.4%, and there were 4 cases of pregnancy among the 30 cases of fertilization, representing a 13.3% pregnancy rate. 2. Comparing the follicular fluid levels of PG E^^2 , PG F^^2a , and PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a ratio between the fertilization and nonfertilization group, there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3. Comparing the follicular fluid levels of PG E^^2 , PG F^^2a , PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a ratio between the pregnancy and nonpregnancy group from the 30 closes of embryo transfer, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 4. Comparing the follicular fluid levels of PG E^^2 , PG F^^2a , and PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a ratio with the maximal follicular diameter obtained by vaginal sonography during ovum pick up, there was no significant difference between each parameter. Therefore, this study showed that the levels of PG E^^2, PG F^^2a PG E^^2 : PG F^^2a ratio in the follicular fluid was not adequate as a Barter for predicting fertilization rate and pregnancy rate after IVF-ET. Also, there was no correlation between each parameter and follicular maturation, and consequently it was considered to be inadequate in replacing ultrasonography in the predicting follicular maturation. At the present time, measurements of follicular size which is routinely performed with ultrasonogrphy and assistant parameters such as serum estradiol etc. is probably the best method in selecting mature follicles.restrictio

New Quinone-Based Organic Materials for High-Performance Lithium Organic Batteries

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In-depth Study of naphthoquinone-derivatices organic materials for lithium ion battery with high capacity and stability

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Nanostructured Organometallic Polymers for Enzymatic Bioenergy

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Nanostructured redox polymer for enzymatic biofuel cell

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태양광 갈등 해소 및 발전방안 모색을 위한 토론회(이정필,이성호)

[태양광 갈등 해소 및 발전방안 모색을 위한 토론회] 1. 일 시 : 2016년 5월 25일(수) 14:00~17:00 2. 장 소 : 충남개발공사 대회의실(충남 홍성군) 3. 주최/주관: 충남연구원, 충청남도 3. 내 용 : 충청남도 신･재생에너지(태양광) 보급 현황 및 실태 파악, 방향 모색            태양광 갈등 현황 파악 및 해소 방안 모색            태양광 산업 발전을 위한 정책방향 및 과제 도출 4. 발표 및 토론 - 발표 1 : 태양광 갈등 사례와 갈등 해소 방안(이정필 에너지기후정책연구소 부소장) - 발표 2 : 태양광 산업 발전을 위한 정책방향 및 과제(이성호 전북대학교 교수) - 지정토론 : 현영석 한남대학교(좌장), 노태호 KEI, 주인호 한국수자원공사, 여형범 충남연구원, 김성겸 충청남도, 신은미 예산홍성환경운동연합, 권혁수 포항공대, 임희천 한국수소산업협회, 박창걸 한국과학기술정보연구원, 이민정 충남연구원, 김재준 충남창조경제혁신센터, 홍근기 신성솔라에너지  5. 참석자 : 약 80명(충남연구원, 충청남도, 학･연 전문가, 산업계 관계자, 15개 시･군, NGO, 사업자, 주민 등)- 발표 1 : 태양광 갈등 사례와 갈등 해소 방안(이정필 에너지기후정책연구소 부소장) 1. 우리가 주목해야 할 질문들 2. 태양광 갈등 현황과 사례 3. 재생에너지 갈등을 어떻게 해결할 것인가 4. 무엇을 토론할 것인가 - 발표 2 : 태양광 산업 발전을 위한 정책방향 및 과제(이성호 전북대학교 교수) 1. 배경 2. 목적 3. 신기후체제 출범 4. 태양광발전 세계 동향 5. 배터리세계동향 6. 우리나라 태양광 관련 정책 동향 7. 태양광 정책 방향 및 과

Enzyme-wired Organo-metallic Polymer for Biofuel Energy

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