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    ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ: ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ํƒ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ๊น€์ƒํ›ˆ.์ตœ๊ทผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‡ผํ•‘์˜ ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค ์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฌ์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ตฌ๋งค์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์งโˆ™๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆํŠน์ • ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋งค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์ง„ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ์˜ ์ œ์‹œ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ €๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์•ฝํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„์žํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ(self-brand connection)์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์•ฝํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜1์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ(i.e. SNS ๊ฒŒ์‹œ ์Œ์›)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ(i.e. ์น˜์•ฝ)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜2์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”ผ์‹คํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ, ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•, ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์‚ผ์›์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์• ํ”Œ(Apple)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘PC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์• ํ”Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ ์ œ์‹œ ์‹œ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์กด ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ผ์›์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฅ˜๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜3์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๋ฐฉ์„, ์•ฝํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์†์˜ท์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹คํ—˜2์˜ ์‚ผ์›์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์žฌ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™์ผ ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์‚ผ์›์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•จ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์†Œ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ ์ œ์‹œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ ๋ก  1 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 5 2.1 ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 5 2.2 ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ(Self-brand connection)์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 9 2.3 ํƒ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 12 โ…ข. ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ 16 3.1 ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ 16 3.2 ์‹คํ—˜1: ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 17 3.3 ์‹คํ—˜2: ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋‹จ์„œ, ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ-๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์‚ผ์›์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 20 3.4 ์‹คํ—˜3: ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 27 โ…ฃ. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  34 ๋ถ€๋ก 39 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 42 ABSTRACT 46Maste

    2017~2019 ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œกํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2022.2. ์œ ์„ฑ์ƒ.The purpose of this study is to understand one aspect of the college admission system and education in Korean society represented in fairness discourse in the Korean college admission system through the analysis of the fairness discourse in the system reform process. The reform process was set from 2017 to 2019 based on the 2021 College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) Reform Draft (Aug. 10. 2017.), the 2022 College Admission System Reform Plan and High School Education Innovation (Aug. 17. 2018.), and the College Admission Fairness Enhancement Plan (Nov. 28. 2019.). The research questions are as follows. First, how was fairness discourse formed in the college admission system reform process (2017-2019)? Second, what does fairness mean in the college admission system reform process (2017-2019)? Third, what is the social practice that characterizes fairness discourse in the college admission system reform process (2017-2019)? As for the research method, this study applied Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysis is a method of understanding social phenomena through the dialectical relationship among text, discursive practice, and social practice. Documents, records, and interview data were collected for analysis, and interview data were collected through interviews with 11 research participants who participated in the system reform process. MAXQDA 2020, a qualitative data analysis software, was used for data analysis. The research results are as follows. First, as a result of reviewing the fairness discourse centered on major events in the system reform process from 2017 to 2019, it was found that the fairness discourse was formed around the CSAT Reform Draft (2017), 2022 college admission reform (2018), and the college entrance scandal of a ministerial candidate's child and the fairness enhancement plan (2019). With the attempt to introduce the absolute evaluation of the SAT in 2017, it was confirmed that the fairness discourse of the college admission system was formed around the announcement of the 2021 CSAT reform plan (2017), fairness discourse was formed based on concerns about the weakening of the discrimination ability of the CSAT, which is critical for student selection, and about the โ€˜comprehensive student record screeningโ€™ whose importance would become higher. In 2018, following the decision to postpone the CSAT reform for one year, the entire college admission system was reorganized by introducing a public consultation method, and as a result, the 2022 College Admission System Reform Plan and High School Education Innovation was announced. In this process, it was confirmed that the discourse on fairness was formed in a conflicting pattern between those who emphasize the fairness of the CSAT and those who advocate the comprehensive student record screening. In particular, the confrontation between the two sides was revealed through the public consultation over the college admission system reform. The announcement of the 2018 college admission system seemed to end the debate over the college admission system, but after the college entrance scandal of a ministerial candidate's child in 2019, the fairness issue of comprehensive student record screening emerged again. Throughout the process of reorganizing the college admission system from 2017 to 2019, it was confirmed that the discourse on fairness was formed by conflicting claims on the unfairness of the comprehensive student record screening and the expansion of the proportion of CSAT. Second, when examining the semantic relationship of fairness in the system reform, it was confirmed that transparency, objectivity, and equality were used as synonyms of fairness, while privileges and fouls were used as antonyms. In addition, as a result of reviewing the meaning of fairness according to the perspective of advocacy for college admissions types, it was found that the fairness of the college admission system was understood as the meritocratic concept of educational equality from both sides. However, the difference between the two perspectives was confirmed in that horizontal equity was emphasized by CSAT advocates and vertical equity by advocates of comprehensive student record screening. In addition, it was confirmed that there is a difference in approaching fairness in that the perspective of advocating the comprehensive student record screening understands fairness from the perspective of educational adequacy and emphasizes the growth and achievement of all students. Third, the results of reviewing the aspects of social practice focusing on the order of discourse on the fairness of the college admission system are as follows. First, it was confirmed that fairness discourse in the college admission system has interdiscursivity with the discourse of meritocracy and the discourse of class reproduction. In the reform process, the meaning of fairness in the college admission system was understood and discussed based on meritocracy, and it was raised as a social problem in the context of class reproduction. Next, it was confirmed that fairness discourse centered on elite universities was formed based on the hierarchical ranking structure of Korean universities. In the reform process, the focus of the fairness debate was on admission to elite universities, and other universities and lower achievement students were located in the periphery of the debate. Finally, it was found that the government's political response to the reorganization of the college admission system led to strengthening the fairness discourse of the college admission system. The government's attempt to introduce an absolute evaluation of the CSAT provided an opportunity to express dissatisfaction with the unfairness of the comprehensive student record screening. The decision to postpone the introduction of absolute evaluation in response to negative reactions from public opinion and the introduction of a policy-making method based on public consultation served as an opportunity for fairness discourse to spread socially by publicizing the fairness of the college admission system. In addition, the government's order to resume the college admission system reform in response to the college entrance scandal of the ministerial candidate's child intensified the fairness discourse and led to a stronger relationship between the fairness discourse and the class reproduction discourse. This study discussed that the problem of reorganizing the college admission system is not limited to the educational field, but is a social and political problem. With the analysis of the fairness discourse of the Korean college admission system, it was possible to reveal the social perception of social class inequality and the meritocratic characteristics of Korean society. In addition, it was confirmed that the reorganization of the college admission system in Korean society was deeply related to the problem of obtaining political power. Based on the social and political nature of the college admission system reform, this study interpreted that what Korean society expects from the college admission system is a distribution function of social rewards such as income, wealth, and social positions and that there is relatively little interest in human development, which is the original purpose of education.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์— ์žฌํ˜„๋œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ใ€Œ2021ํ•™๋…„๋„ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ๊ฐœํŽธ ์‹œ์•ˆใ€(2017.08.10.)๊ณผ ใ€Œ2022ํ•™๋…„๋„ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ตํ˜์‹  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅใ€ (2018.08.17.), ใ€Œ๋Œ€์ž… ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ (2019.11.28.)ใ€์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 2017๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2019๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •(2017~2019)์—์„œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •(2017~2019)์—์„œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •(2017~2019)์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ํŠน์ง•์ง“๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ Fairclough์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ด๋ก  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ด๋ก  ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋‹ด๋ก ์  ์‹ค์ฒœ, ํ…์ŠคํŠธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฆ๋ฒ•์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฌผ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 11๋ช…๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์—๋Š” ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ธ MAXQDA 2020์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, 2017๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2019๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก  ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 2021ํ•™๋…„๋„ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ๊ฐœํŽธ ์‹œ์•ˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œ(2017)์™€ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณต๋ก ํ™” ๋ฐ 2022ํ•™๋…„๋„ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ์•ˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œ(2018), ์ž…์‹œ ๋ถ€์ • ๋…ผ๋ž€ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œ(2019)๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2017๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž… ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์€ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ๋ณ€๋ณ„๋ ฅ ์•ฝํ™”์™€ ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€ ์œ„์ฃผ ์ „ํ˜•์˜ ๋น„์œจ ์ƒํ–ฅ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€์ข…ํ•ฉ์ „ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž… ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€์ข…ํ•ฉ์ „ํ˜•์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2018๋…„์—๋Š” 2017๋…„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ๊ฐœํŽธ 1๋…„ ์œ ์˜ˆ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ณต๋ก ํ™”(public consultation) ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฐœํŽธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ใ€Œ2022ํ•™๋…„๋„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž…ํ•™์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ต๊ต์œก ํ˜์‹ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅใ€์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์€ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ์ „ํ˜•์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€์ข…ํ•ฉ์ „ํ˜•์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ธก์ด ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์–‘์ธก์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์€ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณต๋ก ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2018๋…„์˜ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ์•ˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์€ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, 2019๋…„์˜ ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž ํ›„๋ณด ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ž…์‹œ ๋…ผ๋ž€ ์ดํ›„, ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€์ข…ํ•ฉ์ „ํ˜• ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 2017~2019๋…„์˜ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ • ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€์ข…ํ•ฉ์ „ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ •์‹œ ๋น„์ค‘ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ฃผ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€์ข…ํ•ฉ์ „ํ˜•์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์–‘์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ, ํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํŠน๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์น™์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊นœ๊นœ์ด ์ „ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ € ์ „ํ˜•์ด ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋น„์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋Œ€์ž…์ „ํ˜• ์˜นํ˜ธ ๊ด€์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์€ ์ •์‹œ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€์ข…ํ•ฉ์ „ํ˜• ์˜นํ˜ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ต์œก ํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…(the meritocratic conception of educational equality)์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์ •์‹œํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ(horizontal equity)์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ , ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€์ข…ํ•ฉ์ „ํ˜• ์˜นํ˜ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง์  ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ(vertical equity)์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ด€์  ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€์ข…ํ•ฉ์ „ํ˜• ์˜นํ˜ธ ๊ด€์ ์€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์„ฑ(adequacy) ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์— ๋‘ ๊ด€์  ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์˜ ์งˆ์„œ(order of discourse)๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์ฒœ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‹ด๋ก  ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์ธต ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋‹ด๋ก ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„์ธต ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์„œ์—ดํ™” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์€ ๋ช…๋ฌธ๋Œ€ ์ž…ํ•™์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ์ค‘ํ•˜์œ„๊ถŒ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋Œ€์‘์€ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž… ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋ถ€์ข…ํ•ฉ์ „ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•  ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋ก ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…์„ ๋ณด๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœํŽธ ์œ ์˜ˆ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ก ํ™”์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋„์ž…์€ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ก ํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž ํ›„๋ณด ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ž…์‹œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ์žฌ๊ฐœํŽธ ์ง€์‹œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์ธต ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹ด๋ก  ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก ์˜์—ญ์— ํ•œ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž„์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœํŽธ์€ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ํš๋“์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ๊นŠ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์ •์น˜์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์ „(human development)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์žฌํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 10 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 13 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž…ํ•™์ œ๋„ 13 1. ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๋ณ€์ฒœ ๊ณผ์ • 13 2. ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋…ผ์˜ 17 3. ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •(2017~2019)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 23 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก 30 1. ๋กค์Šค์˜ ์ •์˜๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ 31 2. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ 37 3. ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ: ๊ต์œก์  ํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์„ฑ 42 4. ๊ต์œก ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 47 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 52 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ด๋ก  ๋ถ„์„ 52 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 55 1. ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 55 2. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 63 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ 68 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 68 ์ œ4์žฅ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 75 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก  ์–‘์ƒ 75 1. 2021ํ•™๋…„๋„ ์ˆ˜๋Šฅ ๊ฐœํŽธ ์‹œ์•ˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œ 76 2. ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณต๋ก ํ™”์™€ 2022ํ•™๋…„๋„ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ์•ˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œ 88 3. ์ž…์‹œ ๋ถ€์ • ๋…ผ๋ž€๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐœํ‘œ 108 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 116 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์˜๋ฏธ 120 1. ์˜๋ฏธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 121 2. ๋Œ€์ž…์ „ํ˜• ์˜นํ˜ธ ๊ด€์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 134 3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 145 ์ œ5์žฅ ๋Œ€์ž…์ œ๋„ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์ฒœ 149 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์ธต ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ฑ 149 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์„œ์—ดํ™”์™€ ๋ช…๋ฌธ๋Œ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก  155 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋Œ€์‘๊ณผ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 160 ์ œ6์žฅ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  165 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์š”์•ฝ 165 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  169 1. ๋…ผ์˜ 169 2. ์ œ์–ธ 179 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 184 Abstract 201๋ฐ•

    ์ƒ๊ณผ ์–‘์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„: ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

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    This paper aims to investigate the interrelation between aspect and modality in Russian. For this purpose we analyze the effect of the use of aspect in irreal" conditional sentences and imperative sentences, which can be counted as the ideal types of marked moods in Russian. Conditional sentences are designed to show (sequential and/or logical) causal relation between the two propositions, i.e. between the proposition in the protasis and the proposition in the apodosis. Since causal relation often implies temporal sequentiality, temporal sequentiality, in general, is highly correlated with perfective aspect. However, when the speaker has an intention to weaken the assertion of causality, he may substitute imperfective aspect for perfective. In imperative sentences where interpersonal function of communication is activated, substitution of imperfective aspect for perfective also assumes the function of weakening the demand for the termination of action. In imperative sentences the weakening effect minimizes the distance between the speaker and the listener and serves as the means of expressing speaker's intimacy and politeness toward the hearer. We can conclude that in both sentence types speaker's pragmatic intention serves as a motivation for the aspectual change

    Discourse Function of Aspect in Modern Russian: Ground Theory Revisited

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    Study of Russian aspect has been mainly concentrated on the interpretive method" to establish the invariant meanings of aspect at morphosemantic level. This approach, however, is not very helpful to make clear objectively the intuitive cognition that aspect plays a certain role at discourse level. In this respect, the recent approach through Ground Theory made a considerable contribution. In this paper I discuss problems of Ground Theory and try to clarify that aspect and foreground/background are not directly related but indirectly through the fรฌltering of contextual meanings. For this purpose, I analyse the cases, where there are conflicts between contextual and prototypical meanings, i. e., the imperfective aspect in terminative" context, the perfective aspect in durative" and iterative" contexts

    Russian NPl-(BE)-NP2 Construction Revisited

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    The article claims that 'NPI-NP2' construction should not be treated as same as 'NP-VP' construction. It has different origin and distinct structure. Unlike 'NP-VP' construction, which clearly has 'S-P' pattern, 'NPI-NP2' construction originates from the structure 'Discourse Topic + NP clause'. Due to the frequent overlapping of Discourse Topic and Sand the tendency toward 'subject language', Discourse Topic tends to be reinterpreted as S, resulting the transitory stage of'S + NP clause'. Finally, this unstable combination is remedied by the substitution of NP clause with P. Discourse Topic + NP clause > S + NP clause > S + P Each stage of the above process corresponds to and is reflected in each of the three semantic subtypes: Type 1: A = B Odentifying) Type II: A = b & A โˆˆ B (identifying and characterizing) Type ill: A โˆˆ B (characterizing) Agreement and case form may serve as the signal for the subtypes: agreement with NP2 signals Type 1; predicate instrumental signals Type III. Type II with its transitory instability is expected to be reinterpreted as Type III at least structurally and semantically

    ะžะฟ Nominative - Particularly ะพะฟ the so-called "Nominative Object"

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    The purpose of this article is to review the prevalent notions on Nominative Case and to provide a universally effective explanation of Case assignment. The author particularly concentrates on the notion of "Nominative Object," which she c1aims to be non-existent. Nominative Object" is in fact Accusative (or Partitive in the case of existential sentences, or Pathetive Case in the case of Ergative constructions) in default form. Cases are typically signalled by corresponding forms. However, default forms may be used when there is no need for distinction with other NPs, or when the NP is not sa1ient enough for the position. Animacy can be one of the factors for restricting the use of default form. In many languages inc1uding lndo-European Nominative Case is signa11ed by zero desinence which happens to be identica1 with default form. Thats why confusion has arisen to view the default form of non-Nominative Cases as Nominative. (Note that there are languages such as Korean and Japanese which have distinct markers for Nominative.) Sometimes Accusative or Partitive Case in default form is reinterpreted as Nominative (and as subject) and shows agreement. It is the resu1t of abduction process, which is impelled by the formal identity between default form and the (zero) form signalling Nominative Case. Pressure to have a subject may also promote the reinterpretation. In sum, Nominative Case is not an unmarked or zero Case which may be used in any position for any function, as many scholars have claimed. Nor it is a Case primarily for subject, as traditional theories have claimed.It is a structural case exclusively for subject and is the foremost candidate for agreement. Such new (and narrow) definition of Nominative Case becomes possible only when the existence of default form is acknowledged

    Prodigal Sons" in the Seventeeth-Century Russian ะฑั‹ั‚ะพะฒั‹ะต ะฟะพะฒะตัั‚ะธ: From the Viewpoint of Feminist Criticism

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    The purpose of this paper is to provide a "decentered" reading, i.e. the "feminist" interpretation to the three seventeenth-century Russian tales, The Tale of Savva Grudtsyn, The Tale 01 Gore Zlochastie, and The Tale of Frol Skobeev, which share the archi-story of the biblical parable of the Prodigal Son. The comparison of these tales with the biblical parable reveals that they have different goals and different points of view from those of the parable. The canonical interpretations of the tales have been consistently masculine (or, we may say, patriarchal)๏ผŒ whether their approaches are sociological, mythological, or psychological. Setting up a linear model of Father and Son, these interpretations overlook the crucial role of the female in the deep structure of these tales. Therefore 1 propose a triangular model with the elements of Father, Son, and the Female. On the basis of this model 1 pursue the deeply underlying femininity within the Lacanian psychoanalytic framework. And then 1 proceed to establish the feminine subsฯƒatum of these tales with relation to their folkloric elements. The analysis reveals that while Savva turns out to be the most Christian -like variant of the voIshebnaia skazka, Frol, a parody of the biblical parable, lies at the opposite as a carnivalized modem adaptation of the volshebnaia skazka. While Savva shows the process of oppression of the femininity, Frol depicts a realization of the principle of "joissance," the principle of the unconscious feminine world. As to Gore, the most complicated and polemical of the three, 1 hypothesize that there occurs a change of author's position within the process of the tale. With the appearance of Gore there occur shifts from (the parody of) bylina to Iyric. from the non-reality-statement to the subjective reality-statement, from the masculine to the feminine viewpoints. In spite of the above differences, the three tales share the feminine substratum, which is ultermately related with the search for the new literature and the interest in the folklore in the seventeenth-century Russia

    Function of Russian Passive: A Study of Interaction between Passive and other Related Constructions

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    Applying roundabout" ways of analyzing functional and/or formal interaction with other constructions, this paper tries to show an effective approach toward functional perspectivc o Russian passive. For this purpose Russian passive is discussed in relatio to middle (including reflexive), perfect, indefinite-personal and impersona: constructions. Results of the study can be summed up as follows: 1. Passive in Standard Russian is marked, in the sense that it removes transitivity through thc device of non-subject assignment to Agent and subject assignment to Pa ti ent. 2. Thc -sja passive" overlapps in form with middle/reflexive. Between the two extremes of passive and reflexive there exist various peripheral" constructions with varying degrees of passivity. 1n order to avoid ambiguity, vocabulary

    Eine Studie uber Mittaterschaft und Teilnahme beteiligt am Sonderdelikt

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ „๊ณต,2001.Docto

    ๋ฏธ์„ธ์†Œ๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ฒด Cdc6์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. ํ™ฉ๋•์ˆ˜.The centrosome serves as a major microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). The Cdc6 protein, which is a component of pre-replicative complex and a licensing factor for the initiation of chromosome replication, localizes to centrosomes during the S- and G2-phases of the cell cycle of human cells. We found that Cdc6 negatively regulates MTOC activity and the amounts of the integral proteins composing the pericentriolar material (PCM). Whereas Cdc6 depletion increased microtubule nucleation at the centrosomes, induction of Cdc6 in Cdc6-depleted cells reduced this increase. This increase and reduction correlated with the centrosomal intensities of PCM proteins, such as ฮณ-tubulin, pericentrin, CDK5RAP2, and Cep192. These regulations required the ATPase activity as well as the centrosomal localization of Cdc6. These results suggest a novel Cdc6 function that regulates centrosome assembly and function.Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 3 DNA construction and transfection 3 Short interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection 3 Microtubule regrowth assay 4 Immunofluorescence microscopy 5 BrdU incorporation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis 5 Statistical analysis 6 Results 7 Cdc6 depletion increases microtubule regrowth originating from centrosomes 7 Centrosomal localization of Cdc6 protein reduces microtubule formation 8 ATPase activity of Cdc6 is necessary for the reduction of microtubule formation 18 Cdc6 reduces microtubule formation in S- and G2-phase centrosomes 27 Cdc6 controls microtubule nucleation 34 Cdc6 negatively regulates the levels of PCM proteins 37 Discussion 53 References 56 Abstract in Korean 68Maste
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