한국의 강을 통한 탄소 유출

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 환경대학원 : 환경계획학과, 2013. 2. 오능환.Since the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric CO2 concentration has rapidly increased and this trend is expected to continue in this century, thus, many scientists focus on the global carbon cycles. Rivers play an important role as a connector of the two carbon storage, land and ocean. Although the absolute amount of carbon transported by rivers is relatively small compared to the other carbon pools and fluxes, it is comparable to the amount of Net Ecosystem Production (NEP). The objectives of this study are to quantify riverine carbon exports (loads and yields) of the 5 major rivers (the Han River, Nakdong River, Geum River, Youngsan River, and Sumjin River) in Korea and to understand what factors influence the riverine carbon exports. The water quality data such as total organic carbon (TOC) concentration and riverine discharge data collected from 30 water stations were used. Also, water samples were collected in the lower reaches of each river from February 2012 to October 2012. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), alkalinity, and pH were measured in laboratory. Temporally, the TOC concentration was at the highest in summer, followed by spring, fall, and winter. Spatially, the TOC concentration was the largest in the Geum River. TOC yields ranged approximately 0.02~6.6 g m-2 yr-1 in the entire watersheds of the 5 major rivers. The amount of carbon released from watersheds was influenced by precipitation, land-use (urban, agriculture, and forest), and soil characteristics. The riverine carbon exports were positively correlated with precipitation and the percentages covered by urban or agricultural land use, and negatively correlated with the percentage covered by forests. DIC is the dominant form of carbon that was released by the 5 major rivers. DIC yield was 8.2 g m-2 yr-1, and DOC and POC accounted for approximately 24.5% of total carbon yield, 1.8 g m-2 yr-1, and 0.9 g m-2 yr-1, respectively. In sum, these rivers released 499 Gg C to the ocean annually. However, the data of North Han River and downstream of South Han River watersheds were not included in the study, and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) was excluded. Thus, it is expected that more than 499 Gg carbon is annually exported by rivers to the ocean.제 1 장 서론 1 제 1 절 연구 배경 및 목적 1 제 2 절 연구의 범위 4 제 3 절 연구의 방법 6 1) 수질측정망 데이터 활용 6 2) 5대강 하류 지점 샘플링 7 3) 데이터 처리 8 제 2 장 이론적 고찰 10 제 1 절 선행 연구 검토 10 제 2 절 기존 연구의 한계 및 문제점 13 제 3 장 연구결과 15 제 1 절 데이터 검토 15 1) 유량 자료 검토 15 2) TOC 농도 자료 검토 17 제 2 절 한국의 강에서의 유기탄소 농도 19 1) 일반측정망 19 2) 총량측정망 23 3) 계절별 5대강의 탄소 농도 측정 결과 24 제 3 절 한국의 강에서의 유기탄소 유출 27 1) 한국의 강에서의 유기탄소 유출량 27 2) 영향인자분석 29 1. 토지 이용 29 2. 토양 32 3. 강수량 33 4. 인자별 분석 38 제 4 장 토의 및 결론 39 참고문헌 43Maste

중년 전업주부의 사회적 관계와 행복감에 관한 연구

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 보건대학원 : 보건학과(보건정책관리학전공), 2013. 8. 유승현.본 연구의 목적은 중년 전업주부의 행복감에 중요한 역할을 하는 사회적 관계의 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 연구 대상자는 2008년 2차 여성가족패널조사에 응답한 사람 중 지난 한 달간 경제활동을 하지 않았으며, 배우자와 자녀가 있는 중년(40-59세) 여성 1,350명이 선정되었다. 중년 전업주부의 행복감 관련 요인으로 남편관계, 친교활동, 자원봉사 및 사회참여 활동을 분석에 활용하였다. 인구학적 변수인 연령, 교육수준, 소득수준 및 주관적 건강변수를 보정한 후 위계적 중다선형회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 남편 관계만족도가 좋을수록, 부부가 함께 신체활동을 자주 할수록, 남편의 가사참여시간이 늘어날수록 주부의 행복감과 정적인 관계가 확인되었다. 또한 주부의 친교활동이 활발할수록, 사회참여 및 자원봉사 참여 횟수가 늘어날수록 행복감과 정적인 관련성을 보였다. 인생의 중반에서 부부가 친밀감을 유지하며 건강한 생활을 실천하는 것은 높은 수준의 행복감과 관련성이 있었다. 뿐만 아니라, 친교활동과 자원봉사 및 사회참여활동을 할 때 행복감이 높았다. 본 연구는 지금까지 전업주부의 건강을 잔여적 건강의 범주에서 다룬 기존연구들의 시각에서 벗어나 신체적, 정신적, 심리적 안정 등을 포괄하는 행복감을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과 행복한 여성의 조건으로 남편관계, 친교활동, 자원봉사 및 사회참여 활동의 중요성이 확인되었다. 따라서 중년 전업주부의 행복감과 정적인 관계가 있는 요인들을 밝힌다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있었다. 마지막으로 중년 전업주부의 사회적 관계와 행복감을 통해 개인의 삶의 질 향상은 물론 가족, 그리고 이들이 속해 있는 지역사회로의 전이를 기대해본다.The purpose of this paper is to examine characteristics of social relationship, which plays an important role in happiness in middle-aged full-time housewives. Data from the 2008 Second Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family was used, and participants were middle-aged full-time housewives (n=1,350) who have spouses and children and do not engage in economic activities. To examine characteristics related to happiness in middle-aged housewives, social relationships, such as relationship with spouse, social activities, volunteering and social participation, were analyzed. Age, education level, income level and subjective health were controlled, and hierarchical multi-linear regression analysis was performed. Findings show that higher marital satisfaction, more frequent engagement in physical activities in married couples, and longer duration of household chores in husbands were positively associated with happiness in housewives. Also, women who actively participated in social activities and frequently took part in volunteering and social participation activities were more likely to be happy. Maintaining intimacy and engaging in healthy behaviors together as married couples were positively related to happiness in middle-aged women. Furthermore, middle-aged full-time wives tended to have higher level of happiness when they engaged in social activities and social participation activities. In contrast to previous studies that examined health of full-time housewives in terms of residual health, this study focused on happiness, which encompasses physical, mental and psychological well-being. Accordingly, findings demonstrate the importance of marital relationship, social activities, volunteering and social participation in women's pursuit of happiness. The current paper is meaningful in that it investigates happiness and its related factors among middle-aged full-time housewives. One can anticipate the improvement of quality of life among middle-aged full-time housewives as well as their families and communities. 제 1 장 서 론 1 제 1 절 연구배경 및 필요성 1 제 2 절 연구목적 5 제 2 장 이론적 배경 및 선행연구 6 제 1 절 중년 전업주부와 행복감 6 1. 중년기 6 2. 중년 전업주부 8 3. 행복감 9 4. 중년 전업주부의 사회적 관계와 행복감 11 5. 행복감 측정의 이슈 14 제 2 절 기존 연구의 제한점 16 제 3 장 연구방법 17 제 1 절 연구대상 및 자료 17 1. 자료원 17 2. 연구대상자 18 제 2 절 연구모형 및 변수설정 19 1. 연구모형 19 2. 변수설정 20 제 3 절 분석방법 25 제 4 장 연구결과 26 제 1 절 연구대상자의 일반적 특성 26 1. 연구대상자의 일반적 특성 26 제 2 절 대상자 특성에 따른 행복감 31 1. 대상자 특성에 따른 행복감 비교 31 제 3 절 중년 전업주부의 행복감 관련 요인 33 1. 중년 전업주부의 행복감 관련 요인 33 제 5 장 고 찰 35 제 1 절 연구결과 고찰 및 논의 35 제 2 절 연구 제한점 40 참고문헌 41 Abstract 48Maste

Total Haemolytic Complement Activity at Diagnosis as an Indicator of the Baseline Activity of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis

Objective. The total haemolytic complement activity (CH50) assay evaluates the functioning of the complement system. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of the complement system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether CH50 levels at diagnosis could reflect the baseline activity of AAV. Methods. This retrospective study included 101 immunosuppressive drug-naïve patients with AAV. At diagnosis, all patients underwent clinical assessments for disease activity, including measurement of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) and Five Factor Score (FFS), and laboratory evaluations, such as tests for CH50, C3, and C4 levels. The association between CH50 levels and disease activity was determined. Results. The median BVAS and FFS at diagnosis were 12.0 and 1.0, respectively, whereas the median CH50 level was 60.4 U/mL. There was a negative correlation between the CH50 level and BVAS (r=−0.241; p=0.015). A CH50 cut-off value of 62.1 U/mL was used to classify the patients into two groups: patients with CH50 levels ＜62.1 U/mL (low-CH50 group) and those with CH50 levels ≥ 62.1 U/mL (high-CH50 group). The low-CH50 group had a higher proportion of patients with high disease activity, based on the BVAS, than the high-CH50 group (52.5% vs. 23.8%, p=0.004). Additionally, the low-CH50 group exhibited a lower relapse- free survival rate than the high-CH50 group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.082). Conclusion. Low CH50 levels at diagnosis may reflect high baseline activity of AAV.ope

컴퓨터 매개 커뮤니케이션으로서의 트위터 - 향후 연구의 방향과 과제

본 논문은 최근 우리 사회의 화두로 떠오른 소셜 네트워크 서비스(social network services: SNSs) 중에서 마이크로블로깅 서비스인 트위터의 커뮤니케이션적 함의를 다루고 있다. 먼저 트위터가 본질적으로 컴퓨터에 의해 매개된 텍스트 기반의 대인 커뮤니케이션이라는 점에서 지금까지 컴퓨터 매개 커뮤니케이션(computer-mediated communication: CMC) 연구를 주도한 몇 가지 대표적인 이론적 관점들을 간략히 소개했다. 다음으로 지금까지 드러난 트위터의 세 가지 속성- 관계의 비익명성, 메시지의 공개성, 대인 커뮤니케이션과 매스 커뮤니케이션의 혼종성-에 근거하여, 왜 기존의 CMC 관련 이론 및 연구 결과가 트위터에 직접 적용되기 어려운지를 구체적으로 논의하였다. 마지막으로 커뮤니케이션 현상으로서 트위터를 보다 잘 이해하기 위해 향후 커뮤니케이션 학자들이 고려할 만한 연구 문제에는 어떤 것들이 있는지, 라스웰이 제시한 커뮤니케이션 모델의 구성요소들을 중심으로 몇 가지 사례를 제시했다

The Mechanism of Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis by Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitior in Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells

Recently, prostaglandins have been reported to influence cell proliferation resulting in cancer development and progression. Prostaglandins are synthesized by cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, COX-1 is constituently present in most cells and tissues where produce prostaglandins, while COX-2 expression is a critical part of inflammation and plays a major role in defending against exogenous stimuli. Moreover, COX-2 has been known to be related to cancer progression. Accordingly, cancer prevention trials have been applied by use of COX-2 inhibitors. Several putative targets have been proposed to account for NSAID-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. This study was aimed at investigating the growth inhibitory effect and apoptosis mechanism by selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, in human oral squamous carcinoma cancer (OCC) cell lines. As a results, Celecoxib inhibited the growth of the cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Cell cycle kinetic analysis demonstrated that Celcoxib induces a delay in cll cycle progression and a G1 arrest. This induction of a G1 arrest was associated with the up-regulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) p27KIP1 and P21CIP/WAF1. In adddition, 70 uM Celecoxib induced apoptosis through caspase-3 pathway. In conclusion, this study indicates that COX-2 specific inhibitor celecoxib induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in two oral squamous carcinoma cell lines.ope

The Inhibitory Effect of TGF-β1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Proliferation

Epithelium maintains homeostasis by the signaling balance of growth stimulation and inhibition. Recently, loss of growth inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) on epithelial cells is regarded as a possible mechanism of cancer. Although the genomic mutation in type I and type Ⅱ receptors of TGF-β is considered one of important mechanism of these inactivation, there might be another inactivation mechanism because the mutation rate is relatively low and inhibitory effect is not associated with the mutation. The purpose of this study is evaluating controlling mechanism type Ⅱ receptor of TGF-β by detecting effects of TGF-β on growth inhibition and on expression of cell cycle regulatory protein p21CIP1. Eight cancer cell lines derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) were examined. There was no growth inhibition effects by TGF-β except YD-8 cells. YD-8 cells which showed growth inhibition expresses p21CIP1 by TGF-β whether refractory cell lines, YD-9, did not. All of the tumor cells express mRNA of type Ⅱ receptor by RT-PCR and northern blot analysis, especially on YD-8 and YD-17M. From these results, most of oral cancer cell lines might loose the growth inhibitory effects by TGF-β, and the growth inhibition on YD-8 cells was mediated by expression of p21CIP1.ope

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein C is increased in the celecoxib-induced growth inhibition of human oral squamous cell carcinoma

Celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that is a critical factor in carcinogenesis, but precise mechanism of its action remains to be elucidated. Here we evaluated the inhibitory effect of celecoxib on cell growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) YD-10B, which was established to be used as in vitro OSCC model, and identified celecoxib-regulated protein by proteomics techniques. Celecoxib (IC50=37 µM) inhibited the growth of YD-10B cells with the decrease of COX-2 protein expression. Its inhibition could be linked in the arrest of G1 phase with increased levels of p(27)protein, a specific CDK inhibitor. Using proteomics, the 10- to 20-fold increase of heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein C (hnRNP C), which has been suggested to be related with the translation of p(27)mRNA, was observed in celecoxib-treated YD-10B cells. In summary, celecoxib has a potential to induce the protein expression of hnRNP C and its increase subsequently induce the translation of p(27)mRNA, which trigger the inhibition of cell growth via p(27)-regulated cell cycle arrest in YD-10B cells. In addition, YD-10B cells could be useful to study the pathological mechanism of OSCC.ope

The significance of cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody patterns in autoimmune liver disease

We aimed to determine the significance of cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody (ANA) patterns using computer-aided immunofluorescence microscopy in patients with autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). ANA staining pattern was identified by treating cultured human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cells with the sera of the patients. Medical records of patients with suspected AILD who had positive cytoplasmic ANA patterns between February 2017 and November 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical, laboratory, and immunological data. Cytoplasmic ANA patterns of AILD and non-AILD groups were compared. Further subgroup analysis of patients with AILD who had reticular or speckled cytoplasmic ANA patterns was conducted. We found that among the 196 patients with positive cytoplasmic ANA patterns, 113 (57.6%) were diagnosed with AILD. The percentage of reticular cytoplasmic pattern was higher in the AILD group than that in the non-AILD group (64.0% vs. 21.9%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with AILD who exhibited a reticular ANA pattern demonstrated a higher positive rate for anti-mitochondrial antibodies (66.7% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001) than those who exhibited the speckled ANA pattern. Moreover, AILD patients with the reticular ANA pattern displayed a lower positive rate for anti-smooth muscle antibodies (0% vs. 45%, p < 0.001) and nuclear ANA pattern (73.2% vs. 97.5%, p = 0.003) than those with the speckled ANA pattern. Therefore, cytoplasmic ANA patterns could be used to guide AILD characterization in suspected AILD cases, especially as the reticular ANA pattern is strongly associated with AILD. Thus, it is important to check cytoplasmic ANA patterns for AILD evaluation, even when nuclear ANA patterns are negative.ope

Ketogenic Diet for Children with Epilepsy: A Practical Meal Plan in a Hospital

A ketogenic diet (KD) is a dietary approach to treat intractable epilepsy. The KD begins with hospitalization and the child and their parents can adapt to the KD for 1-2 weeks. Recently, various type of dietary intervention such as the modified Atkins diet (MAD) and the low glycemic index treatment (LGIT) have been performed. Since 2010, we carried out the KD, MAD, and LGIT for total of 802 patients; 489 patients (61%) for the KD, 147 patients (18.3%) with the MAD, and 166 patients (20.7%) for the LGIT. In this report, application of these dietary practices in Severance Hospital is shared.ope

The Efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Remission Maintenance Therapy for Microscopic Polyangiitis and Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Purpose: The present study compared the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with that of azathioprine (AZA) in Korean patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Materials and methods: The medical records of 69 patients with MPA and GPA who received cyclophosphamide and subsequently received AZA or MMF for remission maintenance therapy were reviewed. All-cause mortality, relapse, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), cerebrovascular accident, and cardiovascular disease were evaluated as poor outcomes. Having a lower Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) was defined as the lowest tertile of BVAS (BVAS ≤11 in this study). Results: In comparative analysis of the occurrence of poor outcomes among patients taking AZA only, MMF only, and MMF after AZA, patients taking MMF only exhibited a significantly lower cumulative ESRD-free survival rate than patients taking AZA only (p=0.028). In terms of ESRD occurrence between the groups based on BVAS at diagnosis, among patients with MPA and GPA with higher BVAS at diagnosis, patients taking MMF only exhibited a significantly lower cumulative ESRD-free survival rate than those taking AZA only (p=0.047). Among patients with MPA and GPA with the lowest tertile of BVAS at diagnosis, cumulative ESRD-free survival rates did not differ. Conclusion: With regard to ESRD occurrence, the efficacy of MMF in remission maintenance therapy was less effective than AZA in patients with MPA and GPA. However, among patients with lower BVAS, there was no difference in the occurrence of poor outcomes between patients taking MMF and those taking AZA.ope