152 research outputs found

    ํ™˜์ž-์˜์‚ฌ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ธ์‹์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ: RIAS ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ์œ ๋ช…์ˆœ.Patient-centered care is emerging that takes the patient-doctor relationship into consideration and emphasizes patient preferences and opinions in decision-making. Physician-patient communication are important in that it is the beginning of the patient-physician relationship to understand the patient's expectations through dialogue, and they can make productive decisions through mutual agreement. In Korea, research on determinant factors such as patient's demographic factors and patient-doctor relationship factors were active however studies on the factors of communication are insufficient. Moreover, it is rare to analyze dialogue and counseling from the perspective of two-way communication. As the consequences, there has been little research on the inclusion of both the patient factor and physician factor considering satisfaction study. Very little is known about the effect of two-way communication and its determinants. For that reasons, present study tried to find out whether there was difference between patient's and physician's perceived satisfaction and investigated the factors that affected to the satisfaction gap. In addition, study analyzed the real time medical communication and examined the result illustrated the satisfaction gap. This study aims to investigate to measure satisfaction perception gap between patient and doctor and use RIAS method to analyze the doctor and patient consultation to figure out reality of medical communication in Korea. 103 outpatients who were older than 18 years old accepted to participate in the study. Two private Orthopedics hospitals permitted to study and 5 doctors agreed to participate in this study. Recording their medical consultation and post-treatment survey was conducted at two private hospitals in Seoul. Patient questionnaires measured the patient's general information, trust toward doctor, patient's self-efficacy in communication, beliefs and patient's self-reported satisfaction. Doctor's questionnaire was asked about physician's age, gender and doctor's perceived patient satisfaction. Recording was analyzed through RIAS to extract communication factors. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to determine the difference between patient self-reported patient satisfaction and doctor's predicted patient satisfaction. Spearman's correlation was used to confirm the correlation between variables. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the satisfaction gap and RIAS was used for examining present situation of medical communication in orthopedics. Result showed significant difference in patient satisfaction and doctor satisfaction. As expected, both patient's and doctor's factors explained the gap: Patient's age, patient's self-efficacy in communication, patient's trust, doctor' s positive talk, and doctor's open-ended questions. Notably the number of visits were positive relationship with satisfaction gap. In addition to identifying presence of satisfaction differences, this study analyzed whether patient-doctor communication patterns differed by gap size. Consequently, high satisfaction gap group had higher percentage in doctor's closed-ended questions, doctor's information giving, doctor's facilitative talk, and patient's information giving. Group which had low satisfaction gap had higher percentage in doctor's open-ended questions, doctor's directive talk, doctor's emotional talk, doctor and patient's positive talk, patient's questions and patient's facilitative talk. Patient's emotional talk had similar percentage in two groups. Based on the results, present study emphasized suggestions. (1) In order to improve patient satisfaction in the future, it is desirable to set the patient-doctor relationship as the unit of analysis relationship and make efforts to include it into major variables(2) More attempts are needed to find out and measure the communication variables of the healthcare provider, including the variables identified in this study(3) Theoretical basis is needed to explain this outcome(4) It is necessary to identify the characteristics of the patients especially those who recognize the gap significantly and find the improvement for narrowing gap. Even though present study has various limitations, it is a new attempt to analyze determinants of satisfaction gap. Also, it is necessary to use variety of international research approaches including RIAS. This study expects to trigger for patient centered medical care related researches.1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Need of Study 3 1.3 Study Objective 5 2. Literature Review 6 2.1 Satisfaction Gap Research 6 2.2 Factors Affecting Patient Satisfaction 9 2.3 Roters Interaction System Analysis (RIAS) 11 3. Methods 13 3.1 Research Hypothesis 13 3.2 Data Collection 14 3.3 Main Variables 17 3.4 Study Design 30 3.5 Variable Reliability and Normality 32 4. Study Results 33 4.1 Participant's General Characteristics 33 4.2 Correlation Analysis between Variables 38 4.3 Differences between Patient Self-reported Satisfaction and Doctor's Perceived Patient Satisfaction 40 4.4 Factors Affecting to Satisfaction Gap between Patient Self-reported and Doctor's Perceived 41 4.5 Comparison of communication style according to the satisfaction gap differences 44 5. Discussion and Conclusion 45 5.1 Summary of Result 45 5.2 Implication 47 5.3 Limitation 53 Bibliography 55 Abstract in Korean 63Maste

    'ํ˜์˜ค์˜ค๋ฅ˜'์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ œ์ž‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กฐ์†Œ๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ์ด์šฉ๋•.์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๊ทน๋ ฌํžˆ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š” ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ • ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ˜์˜ค, ์•„๋™ ํ˜์˜ค, ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ํ˜์˜ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜์˜ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์†๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜์˜ค ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ์ธ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์œ ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ํ˜์˜ค๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ • ์ฃผ์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ข‡์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ•™์Šต์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜์˜ค์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ด€๋…์ธ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์†์— ๊ฐ์ถฐ์ง„ ์ฆ์˜ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ด์„ฑ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ์ž…๊ด€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ฆ์˜ค, ํ˜์˜ค๋ฅผํ˜์˜ค์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ผ ์ƒ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ธ์ง€์˜ค๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ•„์—ฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ์ดํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ํ˜์˜ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ˜์˜ค ํŠน์ง•์  ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ˜์˜ค์˜ค๋ฅ˜์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋ชจํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ํ‰๋ฉด, ์ž…์ฒด ์„ค์น˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ •์„œ์™€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ํ‘œ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์•ฝ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ฅ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ, ๊ณค์ถฉ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝํ•œ ๋„์‹ฌ ์†์˜ ์†Œ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณค ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„์ถฐ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜์˜ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ์—ฐ์ƒ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ‰๋ฉด์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์ ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ด‰๊ฐ์  ํ˜์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฐ์ƒ ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์ž‘์—… ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€๋…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ค์น˜์™€ ์ž…์ฒด ์ž‘์—…์—๋„ ์—ฐ์ƒ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜์˜ค์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋ ค ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๊ณตํฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜์˜ค, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋“ค์€ ์ง์„ค์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ์ƒ์ž ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ํ›—๋‚  ๊ณต๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ณต์กด์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.Hatred, which refers to the intense dislike of a certain subject, can range from dislike of a certain person based on personal experiences to hatred of specific groups within a community such as women, children, and refugees. Such negative emotions cause stress within individuals and across society. Many acts of hatred can be easily witnessed today, and this study explores why people hate based on a realization that the author too harbors such feelings. The author examines the relationship between the subject of hatred and the agent of emotions, and observes how prejudice formed from individual experiences and learning of outside information is expressed as hatred. Prejudice, a key idea related to hate, refers to having preconceived opinions based on a limited number of factors. The feelings of hate hidden in prejudice prevent rational thinking. The author defined hate error as wrongful hate stemming from prejudice or stereotype, and analyzed it in the context of its inevitable relationship with cognitive error. Among characteristic features found in subjects of hate, those related to hate error were employed as motifs, and expressed through visual art, including two- and three-dimensional installations. The work is intended to highlight how the negative emotions experienced by viewers are in discordance with the superficially identified subjects. This is an attempt to observe the expression of human emotions in modern society through visual art, and to stimulate related discussions. Anyone can feel hate, but hate is not expressed to anyone. It is more easily expressed to weaker entities. Small animals weaker than humans such as rats, fish, pigeons, and insects were introduced in as elements in the works. Small creatures seen in daily life and often regarded as subjects of hate were employed as motifs to provide an opportunity for self-reflection. The process of deciding what to leave behind and what to leave out takes up a significant portion of the works. Instead of directly presenting subjects of hate, materials were used to achieve association, and textural hate was expressed in the two-dimensional piece. Here, the association effect refers to the acceptance of artistic elements as sensory receptors to associate the work with ones existing notions. The same effects was achieved in installation and three-dimensional pieces, inducing hate error in viewers by limiting certain sensory information and stimulating the imagination. The authors means of expressing unpleasant emotions such as fear, hate, and anxiety are not straightforward. The author hopes for the works to allow viewers to reflect on their inner feelings of hatred, and to open discussions on the values of empathy and co-existence.โ… . ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ 1 โ…ก. ๋ณธ ๋ก  3 1. ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€: ํ˜์˜ค 3 2. ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ธ์ง€์˜ค๋ฅ˜: ํ˜์˜ค์˜ค๋ฅ˜ 8 3. ํ˜์˜ค ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ํ‘œํ˜„ 12 (1) ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ํ˜์˜ค์˜ค๋ฅ˜ 15 (2) ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ํ˜์˜ค์˜ค๋ฅ˜ 18 4. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์„ค๋ช… 20 (1) ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ํ˜์˜ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ์ƒ 20 (2) ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ฒดํ—˜์œผ๋กœ์จ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ 27 (3) ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ์ž์•„์™€ ํƒ€์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜์˜ค 34 โ…ข. ๋งˆ ์น˜ ๋ฉฐ 39 ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก 41 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 42Maste

    ์„œ์šธ ์ง€์—ญ ์œ ํ†ต ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋†์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง๊ณผ ์œ„ํ•ด๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์–‘ํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์ •ํšจ์ง€.ABSRACT Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables among the Resident of Seoul, Korea Yun Jeong Yi Division of Public Health Nutrition Department of Public and Health Graduate School of Public Health Seoul National University This study was carried out to assess the exposure to pesticide residues from vegetable consumption of residents in Seoul using data on pesticide concentration and quantity of vegetables consumed. A total of 34,520 samples of 96 types of vegetable were collected from 2010 to 2014 by the Seoul Metropolitan Government Institute of Health and Environment (SIHE). Accredited multi-residue methods were used to analyze 283 types of pesticide. Among the vegetable samples, 86.1% did not contain any measurable levels of pesticide and 1.4% had residue exceeding the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). A total of 105 types of pesticide residues were found and 45 residues exceeded the MRL. The most commonly found residues, which accounted for approximately 52% of all pesticide residues detected, were azoxystrobin, dietofencarb, procymidone, cypermethrin, tebufenpyrad. A total of 547 vegetable samples from 37 types of vegetable had residue exceeding the MRL. According to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012, the number of the kinds of vegetables consumed by the citizens of Seoul was 74 and the number of the kinds of vegetables analyzed by SIHE was 96. Among them, except 4 type vegetables matched to the vegetables subject to analysis. 99.9% of vegetables were analyzed in terms of the amount of vegetable consumption. From these results, 20 agrochemicals were chosen based on their high level of detection rate and violation of the MRL. The potential health risk associated with exposure to the pesticides through vegetable intake was estimated as a Risk Index (RI, %ADI), proportion of the estimated daily intake (EDI) of pesticide to the acceptable daily intake (ADI). In the citizen of Seoul, the RIs of the mean value and 97.5th percentile were shown to be 0.0~7.4% and 0.4~73.9% respectively. In the citizens of Seoul by age (consumers only), the highest RIs for children (under 6 years) and the elderly (over 65 years) were with chlorotharonil, and the EDIs were 56.0%, 112.5% repectively of its ADI. For adults (19~64 years old) and female, the highest RI was with chlorfenapyr and their EDI reached 118.6%, 119.1% of its ADI. These results show that, despite the high levels of some pesticides, the presence of pesticide residues may not be considered as a serious public health problem. Key words: exposure, pesticide, MRL, food consumption, EDI, ADI, risk assessmentโ… . INTRODUCTION 1 โ…ก. MATERIALS AND METHOD 5 1. Pesticides Analysis 5 2. Food Consumption Data 16 3. Method of Risk Assessment 17 4. Method Validation 19 โ…ข. RESULT 20 1. Validation of Method 20 2. Levels of Pesticide Residues on Vegetables 22 3. Assessment of Vegetables Intakes 31 4. Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues 37 โ…ฃ. DISCUSSION 42 1. Detection Characteristics of Pesticides 42 2. Risk Assessment 45 3. Limitation 48 โ…ค. CONCLUSION 51 โ…ฅ. REFERENCES 53 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 59Maste

    ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™œ์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 8. ๋ชจ๊ฒฝํ™˜.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—… ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ธ ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋žต์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—… ํšจ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ† ๋ก  ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ† ๋ก  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ† ๋ก  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” N์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 5ํ•™๋…„ 162๋ช…, ๋Œ€์ „๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” S์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์™€ T์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ 162๋ช…์„ ํŽธ์˜ ํ‘œ์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2016๋…„ 4์›” 2์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋งŒํ™”์™€ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋’ค ํ† ๋ก  ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด๋„, ํ† ๋ก  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ† ๋ก  ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ† ๋ก  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ† ๋ก  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ํ† ๋ก  ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด๋„์™€ ํ† ๋ก  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ† ๋ก  ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์Ÿ์ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์กฐ์ž‘๊ธฐ์™€ ํ˜•์‹์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋ฏธ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ† ๋ก  ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์Ÿ์ ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 6 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 8 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋… 11 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 13 1. ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 13 1) ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํŠน์ง• 13 2) ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ 15 3) ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์ž 22 2. ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด 28 1) ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ํŠน์ง• 28 2) ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—… 29 3. ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 33 1) ํ† ๋ก  ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด๋„ 34 2) ํ† ๋ก  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 42 3) ํ† ๋ก  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„ 44 4. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  49 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 52 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 52 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€์ธ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ 56 1) ์ข…์† ๋ณ€์ธ 56 2) ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ธ 61 3) ํ†ต์ œ ๋ณ€์ธ 61 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 68 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ง‘ 68 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 70 3) ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 70 4) ์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—… ์„ค๊ณ„ 71 5) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 84 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 85 1. ํ† ๋ก  ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด๋„ 86 2. ํ† ๋ก  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 88 3. ํ† ๋ก  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„ 90 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  92 1. ๋…ผ์˜ 92 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 96 1) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 96 2) ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 98 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 103 ๋ถ€๋ก 117 [๋ถ€๋ก 1]์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋งŒํ™” 117 [๋ถ€๋ก 2]์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ…์ŠคํŠธ 118 [๋ถ€๋ก 3]์‹œ์‚ฌ๋งŒํ™” ์ดํ•ด๋„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ‘œ 118 [๋ถ€๋ก 4]์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—… ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋น„๊ต 119 [๋ถ€๋ก 5]์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€(ํ†ต์ œ ๋ณ€์ธ ์ธก์ •) 120 [๋ถ€๋ก 6]์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€(์ข…์† ๋ณ€์ธ ์ธก์ •/ ํ† ๋ก  ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด๋„) 123 [๋ถ€๋ก 7]์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€(์ข…์† ๋ณ€์ธ ์ธก์ •/ ํ† ๋ก  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„) 125 [๋ถ€๋ก 8]์›น ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ† ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—… ์ง€๋„์•ˆ 126 Abstract 131Docto

    The Safety and the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2a Formulation, Dong-A's DA-3021

    Get PDF
    Background: Interferons (IFNs) are proteins made and released by lymphocytes in response to the presence of pathogens and used in the treatment of hepatitis B or C virus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a pegylated interferon alpha-2a formulation. Methods: This study was a randomized, open-label, 2-period, crossover design. Each group had 17 subjects who took 180โ€…โ€Šฮผg180\;{\mu}g of PEGASYS^ยฎ as a reference formulation and DA-3021 as a test formulation with a washout period of 21 days. Blood samples were obtained over 336 hours after the dose in each treatment period. Blood concentrations of interferon were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary pharmacokinetic parameters were Cmax and AUClastAUC_{last}. The pharmacodynamics were assessed by 2',5'-OAS (oligoadenylate synthetase) using a radioimmunoassay (RIA). The primary pharmacodynamic parameters were EmaxE_{max} and AUElastAUE_{last}. Results: Thirty four healthy male volunteers participated in the study and completed both treatment periods. The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of the pharmacodynamic parameters (test : reference drug) were 0.95-1.09 for AUElastAUE_{last} and 0.92-1.05 for EmaxE_{max}, lying within the bioequivalence range of 0.8-1.25, while the pharmacokinetics parameters were not included within the equivalence range. Most common adverse events were flu-like symptoms, with no serious adverse event reported. Conclusion: The results assessed by the bioequivalence criterion indicated that the pharmacodynamics of DA-3021 was equivalent to that of PEGASYSยฎ.ope

    Elementary School Teachers' Awareness of Forest Welfare Services and Promotion of Strategies for School-based Health Promotion Programs Using the Forest

    Get PDF
    Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the perceptions toward school forest programs related to forest welfare services in elementary schools and suggest strategies to activate new programs. Methods: A mixed method research was performed. Four teachers and one forest therapist participated in a focus group interview162 teachers answered a survey. Results: The teachers were aware of the effects of the forest program, but there were some barriers, including the question of whether there was an accessible forest, school forest management problems, the risk of teachers work overload, and the lack of program diversification for elementary students. Solutions included the expansion of school forests and forest facilities available to students, development of a variety of programs, provision of appropriate information on available facilities, and cooperation with educational institutions for institutionalization and increased effectiveness of school-based forest utilization programs. In addition, a scientific basis for data accumulation is needed. Conclusion: The Ministry of Forestry is cooperating with the Ministry of Education and local education offices to activate a forest-use health promotion program for elementary school students. Additionally, to utilize the forests in regular education courses, teachers should strive to spread positive awareness of forests.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2016๋…„ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ฒญ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ

    UHV-ECR-PECVD๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์†Œํ™”๋œ ๋น„์ •์งˆ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฌด๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,2000.Maste

    The Effects of Carbon Dioxide Reduction in transportation by Urban Agriculture : a Focused Analysis on Seoul

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2011.2. ์ด๋„์›.Maste

    ์ฅ์˜ ํ•˜์•…๊ณผ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž (FGF) 2, (FGF) 2,9์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์กฐ์ ˆ

    No full text
    Dept. of Dental Science/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]ํ•˜์•…๊ณผ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์€ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋กœ์จ ์ด์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์•… ๊ณผ๋‘์— ์„ฑ์žฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž๋„ ํ•˜์•… ๊ณผ๋‘์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž(fibroblast growth factor, FGF)๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž 2๋Š” ํ•˜์•… ๊ณผ๋‘์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ํ•˜์•…๊ณจ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด 2์™€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž 9๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์•…๊ณจ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ICR mouse๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž(fibroblast growth factor, FGF) 2์™€ 9๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์•… ๊ณผ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ•˜์•… ๊ณผ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ถœ์ƒ์งํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋ถ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณจํ™”๋˜์–ด ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋ถ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์งํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋ถ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋˜ํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž 2์™€ 9๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์•… ๊ณผ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๋†๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‘ ์ธ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ด์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž 9์—์„œ ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ์ฆ์‹ ์–ต์ œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ณจ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์–ต์ œ์–‘์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์งํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์ธ์ž ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž 9๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž 9๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ๊ณผ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ณจ ์„ฑ์ˆ™์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ˆ™์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The mandibular condylar cartilage is known to function as an articular and growth cartilage and is considered as secondary cartilage. The growth of the secondary cartilage is supposed to be more sensitive to functional factors than hormon-like factors. Previous knowledge of the regulatory effect of growth factors on the condylar cartilage was limited, but recent experiments have indicated that growth factors also play an important role in the regulation of the metabolism of the mandibular condyle. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play important roles in the control of skeletal cell growth and differentiation. Especially, FGF2 has been shown to regulate the metabolism of mandibular condyles and isolated condylar cells in vitro. But few investigations have examined the effect of FGF9 on growth regulation of the mandibular condylar cartilage.The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of condylar cartilage growth by FGF2 and FGF9 on the mouse mandible.By analyzing the time course of normal growth of neonatal mouse, the condylar cartilage is reduced in the first week of neonatal rat. Histologically, during early postnatal life, cartilaginous zone was remarkably reduced.Experimental culture showed that FGF9 affect the growth regulation of the condylar cartilage. In gross observation of FGF-9 treated cartilages, FGF9 reduce the width of cartilage. We also found that FGF9 is more potent inducer of cartilage growth compared to FGF2. Treatments with FGF2 and FGF9 have different histologic characteristics. FGF9-treated cartilage showed that upper proliferation zone was remarkably reduced while lower hypertrophic layer did not show significant change. Whereas FGF2 treated cartilage showed relatively little change in proliferation and hypertrophic zone compared to control.From these results, FGF9 is considered to perform crucial roles that promote proliferation and maturation of condylar cartilage in early postnatal life.ope

    (A) study on the postoperative stability of occlusal plane in class III orthognathic surgery patients

    No full text
    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์•…๊ณจ์— ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐํ˜•์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์•…๊ต์ • ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์–‘์•…์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์ , ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘์•… ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์—์„œ ๊ตํ•ฉํ‰๋ฉด์˜ ์œ„์น˜์„ค์ •์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•…๊ต์ • ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณ„ํš์‹œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์„ฑ ์ œ โ…ข๊ธ‰ ๋ถ€์ •๊ตํ•ฉ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ Delaire์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ตํ•ฉํ‰๋ฉด์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘์•…์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž 25๋ช…(๋‚จ์ž 8๋ช…, ์—ฌ์ž 17๋ช…, ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น 23.2ยฑ3.17์„ธ)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๊ตํ•ฉํ‰๋ฉด์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ง์ „(Tโ‚)๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์งํ›„(Tโ‚‚, ํ‰๊ท  15.4์ผ), ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์ตœ์†Œ 1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ›„(Tโ‚ƒ, ํ‰๊ท  32.6๊ฐœ์›”)๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค. 1. ์–‘์•… ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๊ตํ•ฉํ‰๋ฉด๊ฐ์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(SSRO, IVRO)์ด๋‚˜ Genioplasty์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 2. ์ˆ ํ›„ ๊ตํ•ฉํ‰๋ฉด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•…๊ณจ์˜ ์ด๋™๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‚˜ posterior impaction์˜ ์–‘, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 3. ์–‘์•…์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„, ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ genial angle๊ณผ ํ•˜์•…ํ‰๋ฉด๊ฐ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•˜์•…๊ณจ๊ณผ ์น˜์•„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณจ๊ฐœ์กฐํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] In patients with severe skeletal discrepancy, surgical orthodontic treatment must be accompanied, and recently two jaw surgery has become a common procedure, resulting in improved esthetics and function. Choosing the position of the occlusal plane in this two-Jaw surgery is an important factor in post-operative stability. Therefore this must be taken into consideration during the diagnosis and treatment plan. In this study, among patients with skeletal class โ…ข occlusion, 25 patients (8 male, 17 female, average age 23.2ยฑ3.17) who have undergone two jaw surgery, setting the ideal occlusal plane according to Delaire's architectural and structural cranial analysis. In comparing preoperative(Tโ‚), postoperative(Tโ‚‚, average of 15.4 days), and long-term postoperative(Tโ‚ƒ, average of 32.6 months) lateral cephalometric radiograms, the following results have been made. 1. There were no significant changes of the occlusal plane angle after the two jaw surgery, and there were no significant differences between the surgical technique(SSRO and IVRO). 2. The postoperative changes of the occlusal plane had no relationship with the amount of jaw movement, amount of posterior impaction, nor the time relapsed after surgery. 3. After two-jaw surgery, genial angle and mandibular plane angle significantly increased, and this seems to he the result of bone remodeling due to the changes of the Mandible and the lower teeth.prohibitio
    • โ€ฆ
    corecore