아크리딘을 포함한 양면성 나선형 펩타이드의 HIV-1 RRE와 TAR에 대한 결합력에 관한 연구

Thesis(masters) --서울대학교 대학원 :과학교육과(화학전공),2008.2Maste

방문당 의료비 지출의 추계에 있어서 비추정량의 정확도에 관한 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 보건대학원 :보건학과 보건통계학전공,2002.Maste

이차함수 그래프의 구성주의적 접근

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :수학교육과,1998.Maste

(A) study for correlation between social support and health status : centered on nursing college students : 간호대학생을 중심으로

간호학과/석사[한글] 최근에 들어 건강과 관련된 연구에서 사회적 지지 (Social support) 라는 개념이 하나의 중요한 정신사회학적 변수로 대두되고 있다. 사회적 지지는 질병의 과민성을 높게 하는 유해한 요인이나 자극적 요인을 사전에 예방하거나 차단케 함으로써 질병이 발생되지 못하도록 하며 어떤 자극이나 위기를 겪었을 경우 그 사실에 대한 개인의 인지적 해석을 멀 충격적이도록 하고 여러가지정보와 심리적 지지를 주어 그 위기에서 빨리 회복할 수 있도록 해 준다. 본 연구에서는 인간의 건강유지 및 질병예방, 회복을 위해 사회적 지지를 보다 많이 활용할 수 있도록 사회적 지지에 건강상태 측정을 중심으로 연구하였다. 연구대상은 Y대학교 간호대학에 1982년도 1학기에 등록한 전학생 382명 중 264명을 대상으로 하였으며 연구도구로는 구조화된 노오베크외 사회적 지지 측정 질문지와 코오넬 의학 지수를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 자료수집 기간은 1982년 5월3일부터 15일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 백분율, x**2 -Test, 상관계수, 변량분석 등의 통계 방법으로 처리하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자의 일반적 특성과 제 변수와의 관계에서는 학년과 지지의 관계 맺은 기간, 상실의 유무, 상실의 질 등 세가지 하위 변수가 유의한 관계를 나타냈다(x**2 =48.62, p<.01 , x**2 =13.64, P<.01, x**2 = 62.31, p<.05). 즉 높은 학년일수록 지지의 관계 맺은 기간은 많으며, 상실의 유무, 상실의 질 등이 적었다. 연령과 지지 상실의 질이 유의한 관계를 나타냈는데 (x**2 =30.91, p<.05) 이는 연령이 많아질수록 상실에 대해 극복하는 능력이 커짐을 말한다. 부모생존여부와 상실의 유무가 유의한 관계를 나타냈는데(x**2= 19.19, p=0.000) 이는 부모의 사망이 지지의 상실에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또 경제상태와 지지의 상실면이 유의한 관계를 나타냈는데( F = 4.150, p<.05) 이는 경계상태가 상위일 수록 지지의 상실면이 적은 것을 말하며 경제 상태가 하위인 사람일 수록 사회적, 정서적으로 불안정하기 때문이라고 볼 수 있다. 2. 제 변수들간의 상관관계에 있어서는 신체적 건강이 순상관관계를 보였다( r= .5504, p<.01) .즉 신체적으로 건강한 사람은 정신적으로도 건강하였다. 사회적 지지의 기능면과 지지망 조직면도 순상관관계를 보였다( r= .6561 , p<.01). 즉 지지망 조직의 효율성, 안정성 등이 높을 수록 지지의 질이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 정신적 건강과 지지의 상실면이 순상관관계를( r=.1450, p>.01 ) 이는 지지의 상실면이 적을수록 정신적 건강상태가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 선행 연구를 근거로 한 가설의 검증에서는 제1가설, "사회적 지지도가 높을 수록 신체적 건강 상태가 놓을 것이다. "는 기각되었다 (r=.0304, p>.05). 제2가설, "사회적 지지도가 높을수록 정신적 건강 상태가 좋을 것이다"는 기각되었다.( r=.0461, p>.05). 제3가설, "사회적 지지도가 높을 수록 건강상태가 좋을 것이다"는 기각되었다( r=.0417, p>.05). 즉, 사회적 지지도가 건강상태에 대해 아무런 영창을 주지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 사회적 지지와 건강과의 상관관계에서 특히 사회적 지지의 상실면과 건강사이에 상관관계가 깊음을 알 수 있었으며, 앞으로 우리나라의 문화와 가치수준에 맞는 사회적 지지 측정 도구의 개발과 그에 따른 사회적 지지와 건강과의 관계에 관한 연구가 더 계속되어야 하겠다. [영문] In recent years, the concept of social support has emerged as a major psychosocial variable in health-related research. The functions of social support are two dimentions (1) social support will prevent or reduce the stressor producing the sensitivity of illness, (2) after the individual has met the stressor, the social support will reduce the fact and effect more rapid recovery with many informations and psychological support. This study was done for the purpose of much more use to the concept of social support for maintains of health, prevention of illness and recovery by investigating correlation of social support with health status. The subjects of this study were made up of 264 students, who are from all students 382 who registered for the 1st semester of Nursing College of Y University in 1982. The study method used, was a structured Questionnaire for the social support (Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, NSSQ) and health status (Cornell Medical Index, CMI). The period for data collection was from May 3th to May 15th, 1982. Analysis of the data was done using percentage, chi-square test, Pearson Correlation coefficients and ANOVA. The results of study were as follows: 1. In the relations subjects characteristics with variables, grade with duration of retationship, loss and quality of loss were significant (X**2= 48.62, P<.01, X**2 =13.64, P<.01, X**2 =62.31, P<.05). Age with quality of loss were significant (X**2 =19.19, P=.000). And economic status with loss were significant (F= 4.150, p<.05). 2. In the correlation among variables, it was found that physical health and emotional health were positively correlated (r=.5504, p<.01). That total functional of social support and total network were positively correlated (r=.6561, p<.01). And that emotional health and total loss were positively correlated (r=.1450, p<.01). 3. The hypotheses tested were based on the related studies: 1) The first hypothesis, "the higher social support, the higher physical health status", was rejected (r=.0304, p>.05) 2) The second hypothesis, "the higher social support, the higher emotional health status", was rejected (r=.0461, p>.05). 3) The third hypothesis, "the higher social support, the higher health status", was rejected (r=.0412, p>.05) In summary of the correlations between social support and health status, loss aspect of social support and health status had been correlated strongly. In the future, the development for the instrument that will be acceptable in our culture and value is necessary, to continue the study on the relation social support with health status.restrictio

The association of mortality with statin drug compliance in patients diagnosed with dyslipidemia

Objective Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide, but it is gradually declining. However, according to the Korea National Statistical Office, the mortality rate due to heart disease is increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the total drug mortality rate, cancer mortality rate and cardiovascular mortality rate by calculating the drug compliance (PDC) for prescription of statin drugs among patients diagnosed with dyslipidemia. Methods This study used a sample cohort of the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI), excluding the subjects who had undergone dyslipidemia, heart disease, and statin prescriptions (42,195 persons) in 2002, 2003, A total of 107,954 patients who were over 40 years old and older than 40 years of age (20,109 people) were diagnosed with the diagnosis of dyslipidemia for more than 9 years from 2004 to 2012 in 44,515 patients. The diagnosis of dyslipidemia was made by ICD-10 CODE E78, and heart disease was diagnosed as ICD-10 I00 ~ I78. Seven statins (Lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin). We defined the subgroups as the subgroups of drug compliance according to proportion of days covered (PDC), adjusted by age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption frequency, physical activity, income, medical insurance, family history of CVD, disability, The distribution and percentages of demographic characteristics were measured in groups by squared test, and survival analyzes were performed using a time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model for the association of cardiovascular events with the occurrence of hyperlipidemia . The study period was divided into 90 days, and statin use days were calculated for each 90 day period to calculate the proportion of days covered (PDC). PDC calculations were performed using statin (%) / 90 × 100 of the number of days prescribed and corrected for immortality time bias through time-dependent analysis. All statistical analyzes were performed using SAS software, version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA). Results Of the total 107,954 patients, 96.28% (44,723 patients) survived, 3.72% (1,726 patients) died, 97.81% (60,158 patients) survived and 2.19% (1,347 patients) died and the survival rate And the death rate was 1.53% p lower than that of men. Cancer and cardiovascular mortality rates were lower in both women. In the high medication adherence group (PDC> 80%) with a Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) of more than 80%, 1,182 (2.61%) died and 44,019 (97.39%) survived, (PDC 80%) of the PDC, and the poor group (PDC 80%) group, and the risk of death was low in the poor PDC group (PDC <50% Respectively. In the analysis of the correlation with cancer mortality rate, it was 1.67 times higher in the 50s compared to the 40s age group, 4.23 times in the 60s, 9.20 times in the 70s, and 15.33 times higher in the 80s. In the analysis of the relationship between cardiovascular mortality and mortality in the age group of 50, 1.12 times in the 50s, 2.61 times in the 60s, 7.98 times in the 70s, 23.20 times in the 80s and statistically significant in all age groups except the 50s. Conclusion The diagnosis of dyslipidemia and the higher the statin drug prescription rate, the lower the risk of mortality. The lower the PDC, the greater the mortality rate, the higher mortality rate due to cancer mortality and cardiovascular disease in the lower PDC group, and the lower the PDC, the higher the probability of death in men. Men need to take more medication. As age increases, the risk of death from cancer and cardiovascular disease increases rapidly. Promoting and educating people who are diagnosed with hyperlipidemia in elderly people aged 65 and over so that they can raise their awareness and take good doses of drugs and develop pre-cancer prevention programs and preventive programs for prevention of cardiovascular diseases There is a need to do. In order to prepare the elderly population for the elderly population, the quality of life of the elderly should be improved and the policy system for the healthy aging life should be prepared. The mortality rate was significantly higher in underweight and obese than in overweight and obesity group. The mortality rate was lower than that in dry group. The risk of mortality was lower in active group than in inactive group. Management of low birth weight and implementation of health policies for obesity management are necessary. If combined with exercise for dyslipidemia medication and weight management, mortality can be reduced. People who are diagnosed with dyslipidemia need to strengthen their publicity about the disease so that they can take medication more faithfully. It is also necessary to develop a health care program and prepare policies so that they can change their lifestyle habits.open석