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    An Estimation of Optimal KTX Fares: The Case of Seoul~Busan Travel

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 2. ๊น€์„ฑ์ˆ˜.2004๋…„ 4์›” 1์ผ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„(์„œ์šธ~๋Œ€๊ตฌ) ๊ฐœํ†ต์— ์ด์–ด 2010๋…„ 11์›” 1์ผ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„(๋™๋Œ€๊ตฌ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ)์˜ ๊ฐœํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ 18๋ถ„ ๋งŒ์— ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ 12์›” ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์›” 330๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋‹ฌ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์šด์ž„์ด ์ธ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์„œ๋ฐœ KTX์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜ ์‹œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์ž„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ ์ • ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฒ ๋„์šด์ž„์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์†ก ์›๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ž„์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ์šด์ž„์€ ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ†ตํ–‰์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ต์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ด์ต์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์Œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ ์ • ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ํ†ตํ–‰์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” 2005๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2011๋…„ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€์ด๋ฉฐ ์›”๋ณ„๋กœ ์ด 72๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ง‘๊ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ์ • ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—ฐ๋„๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹œ์ ์ธ 2011๋…„ 12์›”๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ด ํฐ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ์„ ์ธ ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ํ†ตํ–‰์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ์†๋ฒ„์Šค, ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฒ ๋„, ํ•ญ๊ณต ๋“ฑ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ ์ • ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ํ†ตํ–‰์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ ์ • ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์šด์ž„์„ 5%์”ฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ด์ต๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ ์ • ์šด์ž„์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ด์ต๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ด์ต๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํ†ตํ–‰์ž ํŽธ์ต๋ณ€ํ™”, ์šด์†ก์—…์ฒด์˜ ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ž…๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„์šฉ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์™ธ๋ถ€๋น„์šฉ(๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์šฉ)๋ณ€ํ™”, ์„ธ์ˆ˜(๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ)๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ชจํ˜• ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ชจํ˜• ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋„๋น„๋Š” 0.304๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์–ด ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ์šด์ž„, ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ˜ธ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ ์ • ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ด์ต๋ณ€ํ™”๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์ž„(48,100์›)์˜ 145%์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ 69,745์›์ด ์ ์ •์šด์ž„์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฒ ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์ž„์˜ 145%์ธ 69,745์›์ผ ๋•Œ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„๊ณผ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์šด์ž„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด๋„ ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ ์ • ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ค€์€ 31,265์›์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์ž„์˜ 65% ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์ž„์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์šด์ž„ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์šด์ž„์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋ฉด ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šด์†ก์—…์ฒด์˜ ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ†ตํ–‰์ž ํŽธ์ต์ด ํ˜„์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ 201,271์ฒœ์›/์ผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์ž„์˜ 65% ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ ์ • ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ , ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ 1, 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœํ†ต ํ›„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ตญ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํŠน์ • ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.As the KTX(Korea Train Express) opened its first section from Seoul to Daegu in April 1st, 2004 and the second from Dongdaegu to Busan in November 1st, 2010, the travel time from Seoul to Busan has been shortened to 2 hours and 18 minutes. As of December 2011, despite the three millions passengers who had been taking the KTX, the fares increased in December, 2011. In addition, little controversy about the possible fare decrease if a private agency operates KTX departing from Suseo has called upon the need to further research. The current KTX fares are estimated from the rate of inflation and operating costs and at the same time, they have to be set while excluding the publicity. The fares of public transportation should take the supply and demand, also provide benefits to passengers. They also should guarantee profits to the operating agencies and reflect the external costs that arise from operation such as air pollution or noise cost. Therefore, this study suggests the methodology on estimating the optimal KTX fares from the perspective of both the railway operating organization and the society and aims to apply the methodology to Seoul to Busan travel. The time frame of this study is from January 2005 to December 2011 and the study utilizes data from a monthly total of 72 perspectives travel. The reference tear for the estimation of fares has been set to the earliest point which is December 2011. The space frame is from seoul to Busan, the long distance travel which has a large reduction in travel time. The subjects are 4 modes of public transportation, bus, KTX, railway and air. The method of estimation of optimal KTX fares is the following. First, a demand model for Seoul to Busan was developed to estimate the fares based on the changes in the mode share and operation frequencies, which are caused by the changes in the KTX fares. The change in demand from the change in the fare affects operation frequency, which in turn affects the demand. This process was repeated until the equilibrium was estimated, where the mode share and the operation frequencies would no longer change. Based on the calculated equilibrium values, the optimal KTX fares were estimated from the perspective of both the railway operating organization and the society. By changing the fares by 5% each time, the variations in the revenue of the rail way operating organization and of the social welfare were estimated. The optimal fares for which each of these variations was maximized could be estimated. The variations in the revenues of the railway operating organization consisted of the revenue change from the KTX and railway. Meanwhile, the social welfare revenue variation was measured from the variations in passenger benefits, fare revenues and social costs of the operating organization, external costs and tax. The modal split showed the value of rho-sq was calculated to be 0.304, suggesting the model explained the travel. The variables of the travel time, fare and operation frequency, all coincided with the expected signs and were estimated resonable statistically. The results of the estimation of optimal KTX fares from the operating organization and the society are as the following. Firstly, from the organization's perspective which only considers the variations in its revenue, the optimal fare was estimated to be 69,745 won which is 145% of the present fare(48,100 won). Secondly, from the perspective of railway organization that operates the KTX and the railway, the optimal fare of 69,745 won, which is 145% of the current fare rate(48,100 won) allows the organization to take the maximal revenue and this result is the same as the result when only the KTX was considered. This result can be explained by the facts that the demand of railway is less sensitive compared to the KTX fare and operation frequencies, and also that the railway fare is too low to be raised greatly by the increase in the demand. Lastly, from the perspective of the society, the optimal KTX fare was estimated to be 31,265 won, 65% of the current fare rate. This suggests the present fare rate for Seoul Busan Travel is higher than the appropriate fare rate. The main reason for such a result is that lowering KTX fare decreases the revenue of operating organization but increases the revenue of other transport agencies. Passenger benefits in particular increase greatly compared to the present, showing the variation in social welfare to be 201,271 thousand won per a day which means the maximum is 65% of the current fare rate. This study is significant as it suggests the methodology for estimating the optimal KTX fares, and it estimates the modal split of a specific line rather than a national level, based on the latest data after the 1st and 2nd openings of KTX. โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• โ…ก. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 1. ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ์ ์ •์šด์ž„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 1) ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ ์ • ์šด์ž„์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ถ”์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2) ์šด์ž„๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํŽธ์ต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2. ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ตํ–‰์ˆ˜์š”๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 1) ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ตํ–‰์ˆ˜์š”๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2) ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ตํ–‰์ˆ˜์š”๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์™ธ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  โ…ข. ์ ์ •์šด์ž„ ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์„ค์ • 1. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ • 1) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 2) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ • 2. ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ชจํ˜• 1) ๋‹คํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜• 2) ํšจ์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ค์ • 3) ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 3. ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ 1) ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ด์ต ๋ณ€ํ™” 2) ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™” โ…ฃ. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 1. ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ 1) ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ  2) ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ 3) ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์šด์ž„ 4) ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ 5) 1์ธ๋‹น ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋ถ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์†Œ๋“ 2. ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ž๋ฃŒ 1) ์ขŒ์„ ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ (load factor) 2) ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ (maximum) 3) ํ•ญ๊ณต ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ (maximum) 3. ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ์ž๋ฃŒ 1) ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ 2) ํ•ญ๊ณต ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ 4. ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๋น„์šฉ ์ž๋ฃŒ โ…ค. ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ ์ •์šด์ž„ ์ถ”์ • 1. ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 2. ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 3. ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 4. ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์ž„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ด์ต ์‚ฐ์ถœ 1) ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 2) ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ด์ต ์‚ฐ์ถœ 3) ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ด์ต ์‚ฐ์ถœ 5. ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ์ •์šด์ž„ ์ถ”์ • 1) ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ  ๋ณ€ํ™” 2) ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ ์ •์šด์ž„ ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 3) ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ ์ •์šด์ž„ ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  1. ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 2. ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ชจํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ์šด์ž„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ์†๋ฒ„์Šค ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ขŒ์„ ์ˆ˜(2011๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ขŒ์„ ์ˆ˜(2011๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฒ ๋„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ขŒ์„ ์ˆ˜(2011๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ขŒ์„ ์ˆ˜(2011.12 ๊ธฐ์ค€) ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ 1๊ฑด๋‹น(ํŽธ๋„) ์ด์šฉ ์Šน๊ฐ ์ˆ˜(2011๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ load factor ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์„  ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์„ ๋กœ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์ˆ˜์†ก์›๊ฐ€(2010๋…„) ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜๋น„ ์›๋‹จ์œ„(2011๋…„ ํ™˜์‚ฐ) ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ํ•ญ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์šด์˜๋น„ ์›๋‹จ์œ„(2011๋…„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ™˜์‚ฐ) ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜(2011๋…„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ™˜์‚ฐ) ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ณ„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ๋‹คํ•ญ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜• ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ต์ฐจํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ ์˜ ์‹ค์ธก์น˜์™€ ์ถ”์ •์น˜ ๋น„๊ต ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ด์ต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์ด์ต(ํŽธ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ค€) ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฒ ๋„ ์ด์ต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ด์ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ  ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์ด์ต ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ด์ต ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ  ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์šด์ž„ ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ์šด์ž„ = ์šด์ž„/1์ธ๋‹น ์ผํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋ถ„ ์†Œ๋“ ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ํŽธ๋„์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ  ์ถ”์ด ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ํ†ตํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ”์ด ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์šด์ž„ ์ถ”์ด ์„œ์šธ~๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์šดํ–‰ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ด 1์ธ๋‹น ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์‹ค์งˆ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์†Œ๋“ ์ถ”์ด ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ฅ  ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ด์ต ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ด์ต ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ›„์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”Maste

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ฃฝ์Œ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃฝ์Œ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ณ„์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋ณ„์€ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ '์• ๋„'๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์• ๋„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋„๋œ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, Schwartz-Barcott & Kim (1986)์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ Hybrid model์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋…๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์• ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ํ˜„์žฅ์ž‘์—… ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ํ•œ์ง€ 3๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ 8๋ช…๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ 7๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 2004๋…„ 9์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2005๋…„ 4์›”๊นŒ์ง€์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋…น์Œ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์€, ์ด๋ก ์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์• ๋„์˜ ์†์„ฑ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์˜ ์ž‘์—…์  ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฅ์ž‘์—… ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋…น์ทจ๋œ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ํ˜„์žฅ๋…ธํŠธ์™€ ๋น„๊ต․๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์›, ์†์„ฑ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋ฐ ์• ๋„ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…๋ถ„์„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ˜„์žฅ์ž‘์—… ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต,๋ถ„์„,ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์ •์˜๋œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์™€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์›์€ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์  ์ฐจ์›, ๊ฐ€์กฑ/ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ์ฐจ์›, ์กด์žฌ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‹ค์กด์  ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์˜ ์†์„ฑ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต, ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•˜, ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ์Šฌํ””(ๅ‚ทๅฟƒ), ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‚™์ธ, ์œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ์ด์›ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘, ์‚ถ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ์ƒ์‹ค, ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ž ์˜์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์›๋ง, ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ์กด์žฌ์˜๋ฏธ ์ถ”๊ตฌ, ๋ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ™•๋ฆฝ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด․์ธ์ง€․์ •์‹ ․์‚ฌํšŒ․์˜์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ์„ฑ, ์—ฐ๋ น ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ์œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ, ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝ์ž์›, ์ง€์ง€์›, ์ˆœ๋ช…(้ †ๅ‘ฝ), ๊ณ ์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆ, ์ด์ค‘์  ์œ„๊ธฐ, ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ์งˆ, ๋ฐ ํˆฌ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ-ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ, ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค.๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ตœ์ข…๋ถ„์„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์žฌ์ •์˜๋œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์• ๋„์˜ ์ •์˜๋Š”, '๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์‚ฌ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ , ๊ฐ€์กฑ․ํƒ€์ธ, ๋ฐ ์กด์žฌ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์‹ ์ฒด๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต, ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜, ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ์Šฌํ””(ๅ‚ทๅฟƒ), ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‚™์ธ, ์œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ž ์˜์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์›๋ง ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ˆ๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ†ต ์†์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์ž์•„๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •'์ด๋‹ค.์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‚™์ธ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ์ ์š•๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์ž‘์—… ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ์• ๋„์˜ ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์กดํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต์˜ ์• ๋„๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๋ฉฐ, ์• ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ์• ๋„ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ํ„ฐ๋“ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ด์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์• ๋„๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์• ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์• ๋„ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๋Š” ์• ๋„์˜ ์†์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Bereavement is inevitable for all humans, and grief is experienced by every bereaver. However, the phenomenon of grief is neglected in the practice and study of nursing. The purpose of this study was to develop the concept of grief focusing on the process of spousal bereavement in Korea, applying the Hybrid model suggested by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim (1986) for analysis according to the 3 phases- i.e., Theoretical, Field, and Final analytic phases. First an extensive literature review was done for the Theoretical phase. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 participants (8 males and 7 females) included whose spouse died within the past 3 years in the Field phase of this study. They fully understood the purpose of the study and agreed to participation by signing the consent form. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed and data analysis was progressed. In the Final analytic phase, the attributes and empirical referents in the Theoretical and the Field phases were compared, analyzed, and integrated according to the process of grief.The final results of study were as follows:The antecedent of the concept of spousal grief was spousal death. The dimensions of grief were classified to inner dimensions related to oneself, relational dimensions related to family and others, and existential dimensions related to meaning of being. The attributes of spousal grief were physical suffering, decline of cognitive ability, heartbreaking sorrow, expectations and conflicts of a new life, social stigma, love and conflict among family members, loss of meaning of life, dependence on or resentment towards God, seeking meaning of suffering and existence, and construction of new identity. The empirical referents of grief were physical, cognitive, mental, social, and spiritual health status. The influential factors of grief were gender, age and duration of marriage, quality of relationship in the bereaved family, social support and resources, compliance to fate, quality of the relationship with the dead, concurrent crisis, quality of the death, and duration of struggle against disease. The grieving progressed through 3 phases- shock-emancipation, suffering, and integration. Therefore, the final definition of spousal grief was identified as a unique changing process to a newly integrated self in the midst of shock and suffering such as physical suffering, decline of cognitive ability, heartbreaking sorrow, expectations and conflicts of a new life, social stigma, love and conflict among family members, loss of meaning of life, and dependence on or resentment towards God.The results of this study show that individual grief is a process that requires a lot of time and effort and is manifested differently according to various influential factors. Also, there is no ending point in the grieving process, and that bereavers can become better balanced through learning the way to survive during the grieving process throughout the rest of their lives.Nurses should recognize the importance of their unique position as supporters for bereavers, and should try to assess individual influential factors, to identify the attributes of grief in the process of grief, and to provide tailored nursing interventions.restrictio

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    Concept analysis of spirituality in cancer patients : focusing on Christianity, Buddhism, and Atheism and Agnosticism. : ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต, ๋ถˆ๊ต, ๋ฌด๊ต ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์€ ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์‹ ์ฒดยท๋งˆ์Œยท์˜์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์•”ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹ ์ฒดยท์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜์  ์ฐจ์›์€ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธฐ์ „์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๋กœ์„œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ด๋ก , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์‹ค๋ฌด์—์„œ ์˜์  ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜์  ๊ณ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์  ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์˜์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ''์˜์„ฑ''์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ •๋ฆฝ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•”ํ™˜์ž์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์›, ์„ ํ–‰์š”์ธ, ์†์„ฑ, ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์žฌ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. / ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Schwartz-Barcott, Kim(1986)์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ํ˜ผ์ข…๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต, ๋ถˆ๊ต, ๋ฌด๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์•”์„ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ณ‘์ค‘์ธ 30์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋กœ ํ•ญ์•”์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์•…ํ™”๋กœ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ ๊ฐ ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•”๋ณ‘๋™ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต 2๋ช…, ๋ถˆ๊ต 3๋ช…, ๋ฌด๊ต(็„กๆ•Ž) 3๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค./ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ณ‘์› ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์˜ ์Šน๋‚™์„ ์–ป์€ ํ›„, 2002๋…„ 4์›”์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 6์›”์ดˆ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. / ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์›, ์†์„ฑ, ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์  ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฅ์ž‘์—…๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” Schatzman, Strauss(1973)์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ฒด๊ณ„์ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋ก, ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ธฐ๋ก, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ข…๊ต๋ณ„, ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณ„ ์•”ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜์„ฑ ์ฐจ์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†์„ฑ, ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ตœ์ข…๋ถ„์„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์™€ ํ˜„์žฅ์ž‘์—…๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํŒŒ์•…๋œ ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต, ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜์„ฑ ์†์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋น„๊ต, ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์›, ์†์„ฑ, ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์žฌ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์› / ยท ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์กด์žฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ง์  ์ฐจ์›/ ยท ํƒ€์ธยท์ด์›ƒยท์™ธ๋ถ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ์ฐจ์›/ ยท ์˜๋ฏธ์ถ”๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‹ค์กด์  ์ฐจ์› 2. ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ์†์„ฑ/ ยท ์•”ํˆฌ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต ์†์—์„œ ๋” ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •/ ยท ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ž์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์ง€์™€ ๋ฏฟ์Œ/ ยท ํ˜„์‹ค ์ดˆ์›”์„ฑ/ ยท ๋‚ด์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์›/ ยท ์‚ถ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๋ชฉ์  ์ถ”๊ตฌ/ ยท ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ 3. ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ 1) ๋‚ด๋ฉด์  ์ง€ํ‘œ/ ยท ์‚ฌ๋ž‘/ ยท ์ ˆ์ œ / ยท ์ž๊ธฐ ์ดˆ์›”/ ยท ํ‰์•ˆ/ ยท ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘/ ยท ์ž๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์šฉ/ ยท ํฌ๋ง/ 2) ํ–‰๋™์  ์ง€ํ‘œ / ยท ์šฉ์„œ / ยท ๊ธฐ๋„/ ยท ์ข…๊ต์  ์‹ค์ฒœ/ ๏ฟฝ๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ถ/ ยท ์ด์›ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ด‰์‚ฌ 4. ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์˜ / ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ธ ''์˜''์˜ ์™ธ์  ๋ฐœํ˜„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์•”ํˆฌ๋ณ‘์˜๊ณ ํ†ต ์†์—์„œ ๋” ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ข…๊ต, ์—ฐ๋ น, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ž, ํƒ€์ธยท์ด์›ƒยท์™ธ๋ถ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์˜๋ฏธ์ถ”๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ž์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์ง€์™€ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์‹ค ์ดˆ์›”, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ง€ํ–ฅ, ์‚ถ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ํ˜„์žฅ์ž‘์—… ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์˜์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ ์ข…๊ต, ์—ฐ๋ น, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ, ์•”์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต ์†์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•”์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์•…ํ™”๋Š” ์˜์ ์ธ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ์˜์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ž„์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค [์˜๋ฌธ] All nurses should provide spiritual care for their clients as holistic persons consisted of body, mind, and spirit. It is especially important to care spiritually for cancer patients facing the crisis of their life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of spirituality which is one of the basic concept for spiritual care in cancer patients. The subjects of this study were eight persons; 2 Christians and 3 Buddhists, and 3 persons who do not have any religion. They were cancer patients, and in-patients recommended by the head-nurse of an oncology department because they represented adherents to these different religious faith. The data was collected from April 9, 2002 to June 4, 2002 through using the method of in-depth interview and participant observation with the participants'' consent. The interviews were recorded on audio tapes and then transcribed. There were 3 phases for data analysis- Theoretical phase, Fieldwork phase, Final analytical phase- according to the Hybrid Model suggested by Schwartz-Barcott, and Kim(1986). In the Fieldwork phase, the data of participant observations and the content of the in-depth interviews were presented and then enumerated as dimensions, attributes, and outcomes of spirituality in the cases. Also in final phase, the attributes and outcomes of the Theoretical phase and the data of fieldwork phase were compared and analyzed according to the dimensions of the spirituality of cancer patients and then, the commonalities and differences according to religion, age, past experiences and burden of family were discussed. The final results of study were as follows : 1. Dimensions of spirituality in cancer patients / ยทThe vertical dimension connected with the absolute being / ยทThe horizontal dimension related to the other personยทneighborยท environment in outside / ยทexistential dimension related to seeking of meaning 2. attributes of spirituality in cancer patients / ยทdynamic process strengthened in suffering due to struggle with cancer / ยทconnectedness with the absolute being or will and believe of oneself / ยทtranscendence of reality/ ยทmeaning and purpose of life/ ยทfuture oriented 3. outcomes of spirituality in cancer patients 1) intrinsic outcomes / ยทlove / ยทself-control / ยทself-transcendence / ยทpeace / ยทself-respect / ยทself-acceptance / ยทhope 2) behavioral outcomes / ยทforgiveness / ยทpray / ยทreligious practice / ยทservice to neighbor / ยทjoy and gratitude Therefore, the new definition of spirituality in cancer patients based on above outcomes was as follows; Spirituality is an expression of ''spirit'' which is entity of human being, having a dynamic process strengthened in suffering due to struggle with cancer and having a unique characteristic according to the individual''s religion, age, past experiences, burden of family. Spirituality is internal energy manifested in 3 dimensions- related to the absolute being, other personยทneighborยทenvironment and seeking of meaning- connectedness with the absolute being or will and believe oneself, transcendence of reality, future oriented, and seeking meaning and purpose of life. The result of this study shows that an individual spirituality is manifested differently by his(her) religion, age, past experiences and burden of family, and able to be strengthened in suffering due to struggle with cancer. Therefore, nurses should recognize that diagnosis and deterioration of cancer is not only a spiritual crisis but a good chance for spiritual growth and should try to assess the spiritual problems of their clients.ope

    (A) study on the physical health problems and management of the health problems of the elderly.

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์˜ํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘์œจ์€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 2001๋…„ 4์›” 10์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 4์›” 30์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ 20์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์„œ๋Œ€๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ํ™์ œ๋™์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋…ธ์ธ 100๋ช…์„ ์ž„์˜ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” Brodman๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค(1951)์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ CMI(Cornell Medical Index)๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด 38๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ตํ•˜๋„๋ก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS/PC+๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” t-test, ANOVA, ฯ‡ยฒ-test์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ๋Š” ฯ‡ยฒ-test ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ค‘ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ๋‚จ์ž 52%, ์—ฌ์ž 48%๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 65์„ธ์ด์ƒ 74์„ธ๊ฐ€ 69%, 75์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด 31%๋กœ ํ‰๊ท ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 72.9์„ธ์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” '๋ˆˆ์ด ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ 67%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์™ธ '๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ 65%, '์†์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ๋‚œ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ 60%, '๊ด€์ ˆ์ด ๋ถ“๊ณ  ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ 57%์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ๊ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์˜์› ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹น๋‡จ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ 100%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์™ธ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ๋†’์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 64.6%, ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ 50.8%, ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ 30.6%, ๊ด€์ ˆ์ด ๋ถ“๊ณ  ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ 26.3%์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์˜์›์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๊ตญ์ด์šฉ์€ ์†Œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋  ๋•Œ 82.6%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์™ธ ๋‘ํ†ต 66.7%, ์–ด๊นจ๋‚˜ ๋“ฑ์‚ด์ด ๋นณ๋นณํ•ด์งˆ ๋•Œ 24.2% ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ 53.3%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์™ธ ์–ด๊นจ๋‚˜ ๋“ฑ์‚ด์ด ๋นณ๋นณํ•ด์งˆ ๋•Œ 51.1%, ๋ชธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ๋•Œ 47.5%, ํ˜„๊ธฐ์ฆ์ด ๋‚  ๋•Œ 45.7%์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๋•Œ 82.9%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์™ธ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ 66.6%, ์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ 47.4%์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ธ 73.1%๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 55.4%์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ์˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(t=-3.60, p< .05), ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์ƒ์กด ์—ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(t=-2.23, p< .05) 5. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” '๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค'์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๊ต์œก์ •๋„, ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ชจ์ž„์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€(ฯ‡ยฒ=3.360, p< .1) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—…์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค(ฯ‡ยฒ=8.077, p < .05), ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ชจ์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด(ฯ‡ยฒ=3.491, p< .1) ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. '์†์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚œ๋‹ค'์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์ƒ์กด์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹คํƒœ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์กดํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(ฯ‡ยฒ=3.064, p< .1). '๊ด€์ ˆ์ด ๋ถ“๊ณ  ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค' ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ต์œก์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—…์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(ฯ‡ยฒ=7.817, p< .05). 'ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค'์—์„œ๋„ ๊ต์œก์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ต์œก์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—…์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(ฯ‡ยฒ=10.093, p< .05). '๋Š˜ ์†Œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ํ—›๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋‹ค'์—์„œ๋„ ๊ต์œก์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ต์œก์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์กธ์—…์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(ฯ‡ยฒ=7.886, p< .05). ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ ์œ ๋ณ‘์œจ์ด ๋†’์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฏธํกํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹คํƒœ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The number of older people has increased because of the development in medicine and the changes in socioeconomic status. With a decrease in physical functioning, the prevalence of chronic diseases has increased in the elderly. The related problems of health will become a very important issue in the future. Thus, this study was to analyze the physical health problems and the management of the health problems among the elderly. This is a descriptive survey study. The sample consisted of 100 persons over the age of 65 years old, who were living at home in Hong Jae Dong, Seoul. Data were collected from April 10 to April 30, 2001 through a personal interview of the elderly using a structured questionnaire. The physical health problems were measured using the Cornell Medical Index, which Brodman(1951) designed and was modified by Nam, Ho Chang(1965). Two questions were subtracted and five questions were added to the tool for this research. The collected data were analyzed using the statistics package SPSS, yielding frequency, percentage, mean, ฯ‡ยฒ-test. The result of the analysis were as follows: 1. Among the 38 physical problems, visual difficulties problems with occurrence of 67% rated highest. The second most frequent problem was dental problems(65%), numbness of hands and feet(60%) rating third. 2. Analysing the management of the physical health problems, it appeared that these subject visit a medical center(general hospital, clinic, chinese clinic) for the following reasons, diabetes (100%) was the highest, and high blood pressure(64.6%), dental problems(50.8%), back pain(30.6%) and joint pain(26.3%). The visit to a pharmacy were related to indigestion(82.6%) was the highest and headache (66.7%), muscle pain(24.2%). Self-care were related to numbness of hands and feet(53.3%) was the highest and muscle pain(51.1%). Use of assistive devices: eye glasses(73%), dentures(55.4%). 3. Considering the results of the demographic characteristics, health problems were significantly increased in people having the following characteristics: females(t= -3.60, p< .05): no spouse(t= -2.23, p< .05). 4. Considering management patterns of the demographic characteristics, in case of dental problems: males(ฯ‡ยฒ=3.360, p< .1), educational level (elementary graduation: ฯ‡ยฒ=8.077, p< .05), engaging group(ฯ‡ยฒ=3.491, p< .1) were significantly high in visiting a medical center. In case of numbness of hands and feet: with spouse(ฯ‡ยฒ=3.064, p< .1) was significantly high in visiting a medical center. In case of joint pain: educational level (elementary graduation: ฯ‡ยฒ=7.817, p< .05) was significantly high in visiting a medical center. In case of high blood pressure: educational level (elementary graduation: ฯ‡ยฒ=10.093, p< .05) was significantly high in visiting a medical center. In case of indigestion: educational level (elementary graduation: ฯ‡ยฒ=7.886, p< .05) was significantly high in visiting a medical center. From the result of this study the following conclusions can be drawn: In order to improve the management of the health problems in the elderly, it is necessary to develop the health promotion and care program component. Also continuous health education in home or/and community unit must be essential factor for effective geriatric health management. The result of this study provide information which will improve nursing practice and nursing intervention in geriatrics.ope
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