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    ์ผ์ฒดํ˜• PET/MRI์˜ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•” ๋ณ‘๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜: ๋‹ค๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ๊ณผ PET/CT ์™€์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๋Šฅ ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์กฐ์ •์—ฐ.Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of integrated PET/MRI compared with conventional multiparametric MRI and PET/CT for the detailed and accurate segmental detection/localization of prostate cancer. Methods: Thirty-one patients who underwent integrated PET/MRI using 18F-choline and 18F-FDG with an integrated PET/MRI scanner followed by radical prostatectomy were included. The prostate was divided into 6 segments (sextants) according to anatomical landmarks. Three board-certified radiologists noted the presence and location of cancer in each sextant on four different image interpretation modalities in consensus (1, multiparametric MRI2, integrated 18F-FDG PET/MRI3, integrated 18F-choline PET/MRIand 4, combined interpretation of 1 and 18F-FDG PET/CT). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic performance based on the DOR (diagnostic odds ratio) and NND (number needed to diagnose) were evaluated for each interpretation modality, using the pathologic result as the gold standard. Detection rates of seminal vesicle invasion and extracapsular invasion were also evaluated. Results: Integrated 18F-choline PET/MRI showed significantly higher sensitivity than did multiparametric MRI in all patients and low Gleason score patients. Integrated 18F-choline PET/MRI and 18F-FDG PET/MRI showed similar sensitivity and specificity to combined interpretation of multiparametric MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT. However, integrated 18F-choline PET/MRI showed the best diagnostic performance among the imaging modalities, regardless of Gleason score. Integrated 18F-choline PET/MRI showed higher sensitivity and diagnostic performance than did integrated 18F-FDG PET/MRI. Conclusion: Integrated PET/MRI carried out using a dedicated integrated PET/MRI scanner provides superior accuracy and diagnostic value for detection/localization of prostate cancer. Generally, integrated 18F-choline PET/MRI shows better accuracy and diagnostic performance than does integrated 18F-FDG PET/MRI.Abstract โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ i Contents โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.. iii List of Tables and Figures .โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ. iv List of Abbreviations โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ...v Introduction โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ. 1 Materials and Methods ..โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ. 4 Results โ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆ 16 Discussion โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ... 35 References ...โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ... 45 Abstract in Korean โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.. 51Maste

    (The) effects of heat treatment of orthodontic wires

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์„ ์žฌ์˜ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, SUS 304 ์˜ค์Šคํ…Œ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๊ณ„ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ•์„ ์žฌ์ธ 0.016" ๋ฐ 0.016"xO.022"์„ ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, 400โ„ƒ์—์„œ 700 โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ 50โ„ƒ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 3, 6, 9๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•œ ๋’ค, ์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„, ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๊ตฝํž˜์‹œํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ตฝํž˜๋ ฅ, ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ๋ฅ ์„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„ํ‹€๋ฆผ์‹œํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์žฌ์˜ ํŒŒ์ ˆ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋น„ํ‹€๋ฆผ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋“ฑ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค 1. ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฐ ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ์›ํ˜•์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 500โ„ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐํ˜•์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์žฅ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 400โ„ƒ, 450โ„ƒ 9๋ถ„๋ฐ 500โ„ƒ 3๋ถ„, 6๋ถ„์—์„œ, ํ•ญ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” 500โ„ƒ 3๋ถ„, 6๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 2. ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ตฝํž˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ์€ ์›ํ˜•๋ฐ ๊ฐํ˜• ์„ ์žฌ๋ชจ๋‘ 500โ„ƒ 6๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•์„ฑ๋ฅ ์€ ์›ํ˜•์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 550โ„ƒ 9๋ถ„, ๊ฐํ˜•์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 500โ„ƒ 6๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 3. ๋น„ํ‹€๋ฆผ ํŒŒ์ ˆํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐํ˜• ์„ ์žฌ์—์„œ 500โ„ƒ 6๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 4. ์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜, ๊ตฝํž˜์‹œํ—˜, ๋น„ํ‹€๋ฆผ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ 700โ„ƒ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ ์žฌ์˜ ์—ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 5. ์ธ์žฅ์‹œํ—˜, ๊ตฝํž˜์‹œํ—˜, ๋น„ํ‹€๋ฆผ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์„ ์žฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์—๋Š” ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on physical properties of 0.016" and 0.016"ร—O.022" stainless steel wires. Temperature of heat treatment had intervals of 50โ„ƒ frown 400โ„ƒ to 700โ„ƒ, and time of heat treatment were 3, 6 and 9 minutes. Tensile tests were measured by ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. Bending tests were assessed by maximum bending force, recovery force, and stiffness. Torsion test was evaluated by torsion cycle until wires were fractured. The results were as follows: 1. In round wires, the highest value of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were recorded of heat treatment at 500โ„ƒ. In rectangular wires, the highest value of ultimate tensile strength were after 9 minutes at 400โ„ƒ, 450โ„ƒ and 3,6 minutes of heat treatment at 500โ„ƒ, yield strength were the highest value after 3,6 minutes of heat treatment at 500โ„ƒ. 2. In both round and rectangular wires, maximum bending force and recovery force were the highest values after 6 minutes of heat treatment at 500โ„ƒ. In round wires, highest value of stiffness were formed after 9 minutes at heat treatment at 550โ„ƒ In rectangular wires, the highest value of stiffness were for 6 minutes in 500โ„ƒ. 3. In rectangular wires, torsion cycle was minimum after 6 minutes of heat treatment at 500โ„ƒ 4. In all of tension, bending, and torsion tests, the heat treated wires were softened over at 700โ„ƒ 5. In all of tension, bending, and torsion tests, physical properties of the wires were more influenced by the temperatures than the duration of the heat treatment.restrictio

    (A) study on the physical propertites and cytotoxicity of experimental synthetic elastomers

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์น˜๊ณผ๊ต์ •์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์น˜๊ณผ๊ต์ •์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋‚˜, ์น˜๊ณผ๊ต์ •์šฉ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณ ๋ฌดํƒ„์„ฑ์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ €์ž๋Š” ์น˜๊ณผ๊ต์ •์šฉ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณ ๋ฌดํƒ„์„ฑ์žฌ(Power Chain closed type, Ormco, U.S.A)๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œต์ , ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” 5์ข…์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์  ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณ ๋ฌดํƒ„์„ฑ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ผ์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฅ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ด์™„์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŒฝ์œค์œจ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ ์—ด๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ, ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ค‘ S155D-2์™€ S195A-10์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์œต์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. 3. ์ด์™„๋ ฅ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์ด ์ž”์กด ๊ฒฌ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” S155D-2์˜ ์ž”์กด ๊ฒฌ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์ด ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(ฮฑ=0.05). 4. ํŒฝ์œค์œจ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์ด ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค(ฮฑ=0.05). 5. ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ 5์ข…์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ 5์ข…์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ค‘ S155D-2๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ฑํ˜•๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ฒฌ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ต์ •์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] To investigate and compare the relaxation force, swelling ratio, cytotoxicity of experimental synthetic elastomers, this study was done on 5 kinds of experimental synthetic elastomers(X590A-1, S155D-2, S195A-10, Rl85-19, S185A-44). We took Ormco's power chain as control group, contrast to the 5 kinds of experimental synthetic elastomers as experimental group. Also, melting ranges and mechanical properties of the 5 kinds of experimental synthetic elastomers were investigated. Results were as follows: 1. Control group showed thermoplatic nature and esteric structure of polyurethane. 2. Melting points of S155D-2 and S195A-10 in experimental group were similar to control group. 3. In relaxation force test, remaining forces were the least decrease in control group among all the tested materials, but S155D-2 was the least decrease in experimental group. Significant difference was found in relaxation test between control group and experimental group. Relaxation forces of control group was significantly higher than experimental group. 4. Significant difference was found in swelling ratio test between control group and experimental group. Control group was superior to experimental group. 5. In cytotoxic test, all experimental materials showed mild toxicity. As a result of this study, initial retraction force of S155D-2 was higher than control group. If the decreasing method of initial retraction force were developed in plastic process, S155D-2 could be applied in orthodontic treatment.restrictio

    ์ €์˜จ์ž‘๋™ ๊ณ ์ฒด์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2020. 8. ์ฐจ์„์›.In this study, a thin film solid oxide fuel cell having the optimized nickel thin film anode for a low-temperature operation was fabricated. Nickel thin film anodes having different anode thickness were deposited on anodic aluminum oxides, nanoporous substrates having various pore sizes, by the sputtering method. Subsequently, a 1ใŽ›-thick, dense yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and a 150nm-thick porous platinum cathode were also deposited respectively, which completes the whole fuel cells. Ni anodes with three different thicknesses were deposited on the AAOs with four different pore sizes. The anode nanostructures of fuel cells with 12 combinations in total were observed, and each cell's electrochemical analysis was performed. For the nanostructure analysis, the cross-section and surface structure of 12 thin film SOFCs were observed. The cross-section of the fuel cells was analyzed through FIB cross-sectional SEM. In addition to this, FESEM imaging of the Ni thin film anode surfaces enables to identify the characteristics of the anode nanostructure originated from their anode thickness. Those characteristics include the anode porosity; the ratio of pores extended to the anode-electrolyte interface. This study aims to determine the correlation between those parameters and the cells' electrochemical performances. In particular, for three fuel cells fabricated on AAOs having the smallest pore size, the thin film was peeled off when it was exposed to the operating temperature. Their structural causes were explained by the FIB cross-sectional SEM analysis of cells that had undergone the experimental temperature cycle. Nine completed thin film SOFCs were electrochemically analyzed in a 500โ„ƒ operating environment. Open circuit voltage (OCV), current density-power density curve(i-V-P curve), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were measured for each cell. By measuring OCV, it was confirmed that the fuel cells reached the normal operating voltage. The maximum power densities were obtained through the i-V-P curves, and the overall performance of the fuel cells could be compared. As a result, the highest performance of 294.1mW/cm2 was measured in the cell, having a combination of AAO 200 and Ni 1200. This was up to 20.5% improvement over other cells. Through the EIS analysis, it was possible to classify and analyze the effects on the performance of different fuel cells. The ohmic resistance from the current collecting mechanism mainly through the thin film anodes and the Faradaic resistance from the catalytic activity of anode nanostructures were variables. The effect of each resistance's sizes on the overall performance was identified. In particular, we investigated the correlation between the nanostructure characteristics such as the thickness of the anode, the porosity, and the degree to which the pores are maintained, and the characteristics of each resistance expressed thereby. In conclusion, the optimum thickness of the thin film anode in accordance with the pore size of the nanoporous substrate, and the tendency of the electrochemical performance at this combination was identified. It was also predicted that for some combinations, it would perform better with larger pore sizes and thicker thin film anodes. Through this study, the possibility of expanding the research to new fuel cell platforms such as metal support, which has a similar nanostructure and a porosity, was raised.์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ €์˜จ์ž‘๋™ ๊ณ ์ฒด์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์ด ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณต ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๊ธฐํŒ์ธ ์–‘๊ทน ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ์˜ฅ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ์œ„์— ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ผˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์„ ์Šคํผํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์„œ 1um ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ YSZ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ๊ณผ 150nm ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ Pt ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ทน๋„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์Šคํผํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4๊ฐ€์ง€ AAO์œ„์— ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” Ni ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์„ ์ฆ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 12๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 12๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. FIB cross-sectional SEM ์ดฌ์˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  Ni ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน ํ‘œ๋ฉด FESEM ์ดฌ์˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน ๋‚˜๋…ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์—์„œ์˜ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ, ๊ธฐ๊ณต์ด ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์ด ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๊ฒช์€ ์ดํ›„ FIB cross-sectional SEM ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ 500C ์ž‘๋™ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. OCV์™€ i-V-P ์ปค๋ธŒ, EIS๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. OCV๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ ์ž‘๋™ ์ „์••๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , i-V-P ์ปค๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ AAO200, Ni1200 ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์…€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ 291.4mW/cm2์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์…€๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 20.5% ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜€๋‹ค. EIS ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง‘์ „ ์ €ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์˜ด ์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Faradaic ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์™€, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ, ๊ธฐ๊ณต์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๊ธฐํŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณต ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์˜ ์ตœ์  ๋‘๊ป˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋•Œ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณต ํฌ๊ธฐ, ๋” ๋‘๊บผ์šด ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ทน์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ ์„œํฌํŠธ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ™•์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction ๏ผ‘ 1.1 Study Background ๏ผ‘ 1.1.1 Fuel Cells ๏ผ‘ 1.1.2 Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ๏ผ— 1.1.3 Anode Nanostructure ๏ผ‘๏ผ“ 1.2 Research Objectives ๏ผ‘๏ผ™ Chapter 2. Experimental Details ๏ผ’๏ผ“ 2.1 Fabrication of Thin Film SOFCs ๏ผ’๏ผ“ 2.1.1 Fabrication of Nickel Thin Film Anodes ๏ผ’๏ผ“ 2.1.2 Fabrication of Experimental Cells ๏ผ’๏ผ• 2.2 Film and Cell Characterization ๏ผ’๏ผ— 2.2.1 Thin Film Nanostructure ๏ผ’๏ผ— 2.2.2 Electrochemical Characterization ๏ผ’๏ผ™ Chapter 3. Results and Discussion ๏ผ“๏ผ‘ 3.1 Thin Film Characterization ๏ผ“๏ผ‘ 3.1.1 Nanostructure Analysis ๏ผ“๏ผ‘ 3.1.2 Chemical Analysis ๏ผ”๏ผ‘ 3.2 Electrochemical Performance ๏ผ”๏ผ– Chapter 4. Conclusion ๏ผ•๏ผ— Bibliography ๏ผ•๏ผ™ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก ๏ผ–๏ผ”Maste

    Institution, common pool resource and governance

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    ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ž์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์„ค๊ณ„์›์น™์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์œ ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ 2์ฐจ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ž์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต์œ ์žฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ž์น˜์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ž ์ •์  ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. Traditional theories of common pool resource(CPR) are predominantly based on the presumption that the obstacles involved in the collective action problems related to the provision and maintenance of CPR are so substantial that only national government can resolve the problem. The government, however, has failed to maintain CPR effectively because of the problems of information, motivation, and political accountability. More importantly, it has been reported that under some conditions CPR managed by individual users could achieve higher levels of performance than those managed by the government. This paper explores, (i) the conditions under which individuals users could resolve the collective action problems in CPR management via overcoming the second- order social dilemma of crafting institutional arrangement; and (ii) the possibility and the conditions of governance as a new way of social coordination.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2006๋…„๋„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•œ๊ตญํ–‰์ •์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„

    ์ž์œจ๋ฌด์ธ์ž ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ•ด์ € ์ •๋ฐ€ 3์ฐจ์› ๋งคํ•‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์Šค์บ๋‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

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    MasterWe developed an active optical underwater scanning system(AOUS) for precision Seafloor 3D Mapping. The proposed system was designed to scan the terrain using multiple cameras and adjust the angle to precisely scan the target. The 3D reconstruction of various objects using the proposed system was performed in simulation to verify the proposed system. Also, cylinder design, calibration methods to minimize distortion, camera bandwidth setting for data transfer and operating software using a robot operating system(ROS) were developed. For precise scanning, we divided the roles of a camera into pre-scan and post-scan, respectively. Pre-scan could identify subsea terrain in advance using a stereo vision. The point cloud identified by pre-scan and subsea topography were separated to extract the parts that require precise scanning. The scan was proceeded by calculating the optimized angle of the camera for precision scanning of interest areas. The factors for optimizing the angle of the camera were sub-pixel accuracy and overlapping area. Because the two factors conflict with each other and each objective function is non-linear, the Pareto optimization was used to solve the multi-objective non-linear optimization problem. As a simulation, the UUV-simulator was used to obtain images and evaluate how precisely the restored 3D data was restored through the interative closest point(ICP) algorithm. The number of the points of the reconstructed result were generated more when the images were taken using the AOUS system. Also, the precision of the simulation results were compared by using iterative closest point(ICP) algorithm. We developed the hardware to implement the AOUS system, and we checked the system through water tank experiments and real sea area experiments. Some of the sea topography was restored through a field experiment, and underwater images were also possible to be monitored in real-time.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ž์œจ ๋ฌด์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡(AUV)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ•ด์ € ์ •๋ฐ€ 3์ฐจ์› ๋งคํ•‘์˜ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž์œจ ๋ฌด์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์„ผ์„œ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์Šค์บ”์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ง€๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ดฌ์˜์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ˜•์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดฌ์˜๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋„“์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ํ•œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ •๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์Šค์บ” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์Šค์บ”์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ทจ๋“์—๋งŒ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์Šคํ…Œ๋ ˆ์˜ค ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค์บ”์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์˜์ƒ์€ ์ง€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ง•์ ๋“ค์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ง€ํ˜•์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ณ„์™€ ํƒ๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ด ํ๋ฆฟํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Šฅ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์Šค์บ๋‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(AOUS)์€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ”ฝ์…€์— ๊ด€์ธก๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์—์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ดฌ์˜์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ 3์ฐจ์› ๋ณต์› ์‹œ ์ •๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ROS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AOUS์˜ 3์ฐจ์› ๋ณต์› ์ •๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. AOUS๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋” ๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์™€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์บ˜๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์กฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹คํ•ด์—ญ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค
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