17 research outputs found

    ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ”์„ธ heterogeneity ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ๊น€ํ˜ธ.1. ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑดํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ†ต๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์  ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌ์—… ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšก๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ข…๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฐ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์  ๋ณ€์ด ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜, ๊ฐ ์‹œ๋„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ถ”์„ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ๋„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ณธ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์€ 2010๋…„์—์„œ 2015๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์กฐ์‚ฌ์›์‹œ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆœํ™˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ 1๋…„์ด๋ฉฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์—†์ด 6๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ํ˜• ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ˜• ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•(Linear Mixed Effect Model)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ณ ์ • ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์ž„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ž„์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ฆ‰, ์ž„์˜ ์ ˆํŽธ๊ณผ ์ž„์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ(Random intercept and random slope)๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ ์ •๋œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๋„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’, ์‹œ๋„๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’, ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋„๋ณ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ”์„ธ ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ถ, ์ „๋‚จ, ์ถฉ๋‚จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„๋† ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ์ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ์€ ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„œ์šธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ”์„ธ ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ๋‚จ์€ ์šด์ „๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์•ˆ์ „์˜์‹์„ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ „๋‚จ์€ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ตฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€์—ญ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌ์—… ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ 4 2. ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ 4 3. ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 8 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 9 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  29 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ณ  ์ฐฐ 33 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 36 Abstract 38Maste

    Understanding of Korean Honorifics by L2 Korean Learners in Australia: A Socio-Pragmatic Perspective

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    The Korean language has an established honorific system that reflects the Korean societys hierarchical and relational nature, where respect for elders and individuals of higher social status must be shown through language (Brown, 2015). This cultural aspect poses significant challenges to L2 Korean learners. Taking a socio-pragmatic perspective, this study explored how L1 English speakers living outside the target language society comprehend and apply the honorific system when speaking in L2 Korean. The study was conducted with eight L1 English speakers learning Korean in Australia. All eight participants completed a survey revealing their motivation for, first impression of, and biggest hindrance in learning Korean. Next, seven of them were interviewed concerning how they conceptualised, perceived, and used Korean honorifics. The survey and interview data analysis showed that the participants appeared to have a subjective attitude towards the application of honorifics instead of considering the listeners relational status even when the honorific system had been learned and mastered for a considerable period. Although the participants were learning Korean while living outside the Korean society, which makes it challenging to understand honorifics or establish conversational concepts completely, they recognised honorifics as an important part of the Korean language; however, this understanding was overpowered by their cultural identity as Australians. The findings suggest that an L2 speaker is not a target-like object unconditionally accommodating socio-pragmatic elements but rather a fluid speaker exercising subjectivity and autonomy

    Upregulation of CD47 in Regulatory T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis

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    PURPOSE: Regulatory T (Treg) cells are key modulators in the immune system. Recent studies have shown that atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have higher numbers of Treg cells; however, little is known about the specific phenotype and function of Treg cells in AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify differentially expressed proteins in peripheral induced Treg cells in AD and naturally derived Treg cells in normal controls, CD4?CD25? Treg cells were isolated from thymus tissue of normal mice and the spleens of AD mice. Membrane proteins were extracted, and quantitative proteomics labeling with Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) was performed, followed by one-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS: Using TMT labeling, we identified 510 proteins, including 63 membrane proteins and 16 plasma membrane proteins. CD47 was one of the upregulated proteins in Treg cells in AD spleens. Although CD47 was expressed in all CD4? and CD8? T cells, a significantly higher expression of CD47 was observed in the Treg cells of AD mice and AD patients than in those of normal mice and healthy controls. Furthermore, Treg cells from the spleen showed a significantly higher expression of CD47 than those from the thymus. CONCLUSION: We found that CD47 is highly expressed in the Treg cells of AD mice, particularly in the spleen. Based on our results, we propose that CD47(high) Treg cells are likely induced Treg cells and that upregulated CD47 in the Treg cells of AD patients may play a role in the increased population of Treg cells in AD.ope

    Development of electromagnetic acupuncture system and analysis of muscle fatigue recovery and induced meridian potential for evaluation of therapeutic effect

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    ์˜๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌํ•œ์˜ํ•™์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์€ ๊ฒฝํ˜ˆ์— ์ž์นจ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์ „์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์œ ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ด์˜จ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ธ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ ์ž Electro-Acupuncture(EA)๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฆฌยท๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ EA๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์œ„์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘๊ทน์„ฑ ์ „๊ทน์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜ค์ง ๊ฒฝํ˜ˆ๋งŒ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์นจ์˜ ์‚ฝ์ž… ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด์ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์™€ ๋‘ ์นจ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์กฐ์ง ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์ฒด ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋ฝ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์œ ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค์ง ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ˜ˆ๋งŒ์„ ์ž๊ทน ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž๊ทน์›์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ, ๋ ˆ์ด์ €, ๋œธ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ˜ˆ ์ž๊ทน๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๊ฒฝํ˜ˆ์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์นจํˆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๋œธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜จ์—ด์š”๋ฒ•์€ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์„ธ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์€ ๋งค์งˆ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ํˆฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ eddy current๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋™์‹œ ์œ ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ๊ธ‰ยท๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ†ต์ฆ์™„ํ™”, ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜, Soft-tissue ์žฌ์ƒ, ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ์น˜์œ  ๋“ฑ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๊ทœ๋ช…๋œ Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields(PEMFs)๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ž๊ทน์›์ด๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์นจ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” core์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์นจ ์‚ฝ์ž…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก Solenoid Coil์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝํ˜ˆ์— ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน๊ณผ PEMFs๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ ์ž๊ทน์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ 8 Channel Electromagnetic Acupuncture(EMA) system์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, ๊ฐ•๋„, ํŒŒํ˜•๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์†Œ 130.2 gauss์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 562.6 gauss๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.EMA system์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ™•์ธ์— ์•ž์„œ, ๊ฒฝํ˜ˆ ์ž๊ทน ์‹œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์œ ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ฝ์ „์œ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ฑฐํ—ˆ(ST37)์— 2ใŽ ์ž์นจํ•œ ๋’ค, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 2ใŽ, ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ 485.9 gauss๋กœ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฑ์‚ผ๋ฆฌ(ST36)์™€ ํ•ด๊ณ„(ST41)์˜ ์ „์œ„์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ๋ฝ์ „์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ฝ์ „์œ„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 40๋ฐฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋„๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— EMA system์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์ž„์ƒ์  ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Biodex system์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผํ”ผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. non-stimulation, Manual acupuncture, EMA group์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ‡ด์ง๊ทผ์˜ ๊ทผํ”ผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฑ๊ถ์Œ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ(LR)์˜ ์Œํฌ(LR9)๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทน๋ถ€์œ„๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2ใŽ ์ž์นจ ํ›„์— ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 2ใŽ, ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ 485.9 gauss๋กœ 2๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทผํ”ผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์ „/ํ›„์˜ Median frequency(MF)์™€ peak torque์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. MF ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ถ”์ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ EMA ์ž๊ทน์ด ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผํ”ผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ EMA system์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒฝํ˜ˆ๋งŒ ์ž๊ทน ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฒฝํ˜ˆ์—์„œ ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฆ๋Œ€ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž๊ทน๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์จ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ EMA system์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ•œ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•œ์˜ํ•™์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ํ™œ์šฉ ๋˜์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.restrictio

    A reconsideration of the omission of first and second person subjects in modern spoken Korean: Focusing on the pragmatic meanings of the overt subject expressions

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    The present study aims to shed light on the pragmatic meanings of the overt expressions of the first and second person subjects in modern spoken Korean. As a pro-drop language, Korean omits its first and second person subjects in approximately 70-80% of cases. This phenomenon of โ€˜subject omissionโ€™ has been studied mostly at syntactic level in Korean linguistics. However, a discourse analytic approach could provide more diverse explanations for the phenomenon, particularly in the cases where subjects are overtly expressed, rather than omitted. In this study, I investigate the distribution of overtly expressed first and second person subjects in a Korean spoken corpus and attempt to refine our understanding of the pragmatic and sociolinguistic effects of the overt expression of first and second person subjects. The results show that there are age and gender is related to the distribution of first and second person subject expressions and on the occurrence of various person references. I argue that Korean speakers tend to utilise the overt first and second person subjects to display their social relationships and thereby convey their pragmatic intentions such as expressing intimacy

    ์•„ํ† ํ”ผํ”ผ๋ถ€์—ผ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ induced regulatory T ์„ธํฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ตด

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    Dept. of Medical Science/์„์‚ฌCD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known as a key modulator of immune self-tolerance and also have been found in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Since it has been rarely known that the different functional role between naturally occurring Tregs (nTregs) in thymus and induced Tregs (iTregs), and their surface marker proteins, we designed the experiments to separate two different subpopulations of Tregs, nTregs from thymus of healthy control mice and iTregs from spleen from the AD model mice. We initially observed AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice sensitizing D. farinae ointments for six weeks and we measured their significant increases of serum IgE level and enhanced IL-4 production from Th2 subsets. CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells were separated from those AD-like mice and healthy control mice using MACSยฎ, with high separation purity confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Membrane proteins were extracted from CD4+ CD25+ Tregs and labeled with TMT reagents for 1DLC-MS/MS analysis. As a result of TMT-labeling method, we obtained 533 protein, 63 membrane proteins and 16 plasma membrane proteins identification list based on database research. Remarkably, H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen has the highest ratio of iTregs to nTregs among those identified proteins, and other membrane proteins including receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C and leukocyte surface antigen CD47, also showed high expression levels in iTregs, compared with nTregs. Considering the increased ratios of selected proteins in iTreg cell population and their functional roles that have been elucidated from many research groups, we believed that they might be key marker proteins or functional regulators of iTregs.ope

    Walter Benjamin์˜ ์ƒ(bild) ๊ฐœ๋… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฏธํ•™๊ณผ,2002.Maste

    Insight into newly discovered innate immune modulation in atopic dermatitis

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    Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly pruritic, chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by innate and adaptive immune reactions. In AD, innate immune mechanisms such as pattern recognition receptors and antimicrobial peptides have been investigated in detail, but recently, epidermis-derived cytokines, namely thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25 and IL-33, were shown to participate in innate immune reactions independently of adaptive immunity. In addition to conventional innate cells, such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils, Th2 cytokine-producing invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and Th17/Th22 cytokine-producing innate cells - iNKT cells and natural killer (NK)-like cells - can participate in innate immune modulation in AD. Accordingly, early control of innate immune responses in AD before activation of adaptive immune responses by conventional T and B cells that perpetuate chronic skin inflammation may adequately alleviate acute exacerbations of AD. Therefore, we hypothesized that select immune modulators targeting the innate immune response could potentially be used for individualized treatment of AD.ope
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