35 research outputs found

    Aplastic Anemia with Trisomy 8 and Trisomy 9 in Intestinal Behcet's Disease

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    Behcet's disease is a multisystemic inflammatory disease characterized with recurrent oral ulcer, genital ulcer, and multiple organ involvement. Aplastic anemia is one of the rarest complications of Behcet's disease. There were only several reports about Behcet's disease associated myelodysplatic syndrome worldwide. Moreover, aplastic anemia in intestinal Behcet's disease was rarely reported. Here, we present a case of aplastic anemia with trisomy 8 and trisomy 9 in intestinal Behcet's disease and a review of the literatures. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case ever reported in Koreaope

    Colitis Cystica Profunda Masquerading as a Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis: A Case Report

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    Colitis Cystica Profunda (CCP) is an uncommon and benign disease entity characterized by mucoid cysts located in the submucosal layer of the colon. It can mimic cystic submucosal tumors or mucinous adenocarcinoma and is usually located in the rectum. CCP is found in the ascending colon less frequently. CCP manifesting as multiple cystic tumors, similar to pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, has not yet been reported. Recently, a case of CCP mimicking pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in the ascending colon was treated. Here this case is reported and the literature reviewed.ope

    Clinical Experience of Thalidomide in the Treatment of Korean Patients with Intestinal Behcฬงetโ€™s Disease: Pilot Experience in a Single Center

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    Intestinal Behcฬงetโ€™s disease (BD) often leads to severe complications, such as perforation or massive bleeding, and therefore is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. As thalidomide has been identified and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties clarified, this drug has been used in cases of systemic BD with some success. Herein we report a case series of four patients with intestinal BD to share our clinical experience with thalidomide treatment. We studied the effects of thalidomide in four patients who had a chronic relapse of intestinal BD requiring the frequent use of systemic steroids due to refractoriness to prior treatments, such as 5-aminosalycylic acid and immunosuppressants. Pre- and post-treatment clinical and laboratory data, including clinical symptoms, laboratory data, disease activity index for intestinal BD, and thalidomide toxicity were recorded. Three of the four patients had a clinical and radiologic improvement after thalidomide treatment and all of the patients discontinued steroid therapy. Although two patients tolerated thalidomide, two patients could not continue the treatment because they suffered from edema and neutropenia. Thalidomide could be considered a therapeutic option for the treatment of intestinal BD.ope

    ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ - ํ•œ๊ตญ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ -

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 8. ๋ฐ•์ •ํ›ˆ.์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋ชฉ์  ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„(CSR)์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์„ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค๋„ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์— ์ ๊ทน ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์†Œ๋ชจ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์ด ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ์ทจ์ง€์™€๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์กฐ์งํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฐœ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง€์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ–ฅ์ƒ์—๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์ด ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2015๋…„ 1์›”๊ณผ 2์›” ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 342๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒ”์šฉ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์ธ SPSS(statistic package for social science) 22.0์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ?๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋‚ด์ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„์™€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ„๊ณ„์  ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ •์„œ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์ง๊ธ‰์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ •์„œ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๋ชฐ์ž…์ด ๋†’๊ณ , ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ CSRํƒœ๋„์™€ CSR์ธ์‹์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ง€์ ๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ์†๋…„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ CSRํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„CSR์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์—ฐ๊ฐ„๊ฐœ์ธ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌํ˜ธ๊ฐ๋„(APS)์™€ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ(COM)์ด ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์บ ์ฝ” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์˜์ง€์™€ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ฝ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋กœ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘(๏ฅพ)๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, CSRํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์†Œ์ธ ์ •์„œ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€์ ๋ชฐ์ž… ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ƒ‰?๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์ด ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง„์ •์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹๋  ๋•Œ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง๊ธ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง๊ธ‰์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง๊ธ‰์˜ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ „๋žต์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ด ์š”์ฒญ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ์ด๋ก ์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ธก์ •์—๋Š” ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ญ์˜ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์ด CSR์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ž„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  2 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„(CSR) 5 1. CSR ๊ฐœ๋… 5 2. CSR ์œ ํ˜• 6 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… 8 1. ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 8 2. ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 10 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ(PSM) 12 1. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 12 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์ธ 13 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 15 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… 15 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… 17 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 20 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 20 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 20 2. ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์„ค์ • 21 3. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ 21 1) ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ 21 2) CSR ์ธ์‹ 22 3) ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž… 23 4) ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ 24 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 24 1. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์„ ์ • 24 2. ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 25 3. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 26 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ 28 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 28 1. ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 28 2. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 30 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 31 1. ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 31 1) ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 31 2) ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 32 3) ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 34 2. ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 35 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 38 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 40 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 40 1) ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์ด ์ •์„œ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 40 2) ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์ด ์œ ์ง€์ ๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 43 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 45 1) ๊ณต๊ณต๋ด‰์‚ฌํ˜ธ๊ฐ๋„(APS)์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 46 2) ๊ณต๊ณต๊ฐ€์น˜๋ชฐ์ž…(CPV)์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 50 3) ๋™์ •์‹ฌ(COM)์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 52 4) ์ž๊ธฐํฌ์ƒ(SS)์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 55 3. ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 58 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  59 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 59 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 62 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 65 ๋ถ€๋ก : ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 71 Abstract 76Maste

    The Evolution of Antidumping System in Japan

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    WTO ๋ฐ˜๋คํ•‘ํ˜‘์ •์ด ๋ฐœํšจ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์กด๊ทœ์ •์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ โ€ค์ •์ฑ…์ โ€ค์ œ๋„์  ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋คํ•‘์ œ๋„์˜ ์ž์˜์  ์šด์šฉ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ •์น˜์™€ ์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด๋ก ์  ์‹œ์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋คํ•‘์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํ˜•์„ฑโ€ค๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฐ์—…์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋คํ•‘์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋คํ•‘์กฐ์น˜์˜ ์šด์šฉํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฒ•๋ น์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 1988๋…„ GATT์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ๋ถ„์Ÿ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฐ์—…์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์™ธ๋ฌด์—ญ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ํ•™์Šตํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1990๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฐ์—…์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ „ํ™˜์€ ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ณธ ๋ฐ˜๋คํ•‘์ œ๋„์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋คํ•‘์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ๋™๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์Šต์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ 2004๋…„๊ณผ 2009๋…„์˜ ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ด€๋ จ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐ˜๋คํ•‘์กฐ์น˜์˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ๋„์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. The goal of this paper is to examine the factors driving the evolution of antidumping policy and rules in Japan. There is a large body of literature, both theoretical and empirical, on the determinants and effects of antidumping measures. However, little attention has been given to the critical aspects of how the national antidumping policy and legal system are formed and change. In the long-term perspective, we argue that both bureaucratic politics and policy learning are important factors to determine the changes of antidumping policy and rules in Japan. To explain the historical dynamism of policy and rules, this paper examines how the bureaucratic political competition between the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and the Ministry of Finance (MOF) has influenced the development of antidumping policy and legislation during the 1980s. Moreover, this paper analyzes how the policy learning by METI has changed its policy preferences in resolving international trade conflicts and advanced national antidumping rules. This paper asserts that the winning experiences in using multilateral rules have allowed METI not only to adopt aggressive legalism against foreign traders but also to systematically improve the antidumping legal system in Japan

    NF -ฮบB์™€ JNK ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž 21๊ณผ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ํด๋กœํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ „

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    Department of Medicine์„ฌ์œ ์•„์„ธํฌ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž(FGF)21์€ FGF19 ์•„๊ณผ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ์จ ๋‹น๊ณผ ์ง€์งˆ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ํƒ€ํด๋กœํ† ๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋กœ FGF21์ด FGF์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ๋ถ™์–ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค€๋‹ค. FGF21์€ ๊ฐ„์—ผ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฒ ํƒ€ํด๋กœํ† ์™€ FGF21์ด ๊ฐ„์—ผ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ„์—ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฐ„์—ผ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์†Œ๋ฉด์—ญ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ ํšจ์†Œ ์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ธฐ, ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆํก์ž…๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ FGF19, FGF21๊ณผ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ํด๋กœํ†  ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Huh-7 ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง์—์„œ FGF19์™€ FGF21์ด ๊ฐ„์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฒ ํƒ€ํด๋กœํ† ์™€๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์ธ์ž (์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-1๋ฒ ํƒ€, ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-6, ์ข…์–‘๊ดด์‚ฌ์ธ์ž-6) ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. Huh-7 ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-1๋ฒ ํƒ€๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, FGF21์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ฒ ํƒ€ํด๋กœํ† ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. NF-ฮบB์™€ JNK ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ Huh-7 ์„ธํฌ์— ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-1๋ฒ ํƒ€๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ FGF21๊ณผ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ํด๋กœํ† ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-1๋ฒ ํƒ€์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Huh-7 ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ FGF21์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-1๋ฒ ํƒ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ง€์—ฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์„ฌ์œ ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์—ผ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด NF-ฮบB์™€ JNK ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด FGF21์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฒ ํƒ€ํด๋กœํ† ๋Š” ์–ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, FGF21์€ ๊ฐ„์—ผ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์„ฌ์œ ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ฐ„์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค.open๋ฐ•

    ์ง„ํ–‰์„ฑ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•”์—์„œ ๋™์‹œ ํ•ญ์•”ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์น˜๋ฃŒํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ

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    Dept. of Medicine/์„์‚ฌObjectivesLocally advanced pancreatic cancer has a short survival of six to tenmonths. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is considered a treatment of choice.There is little information about the gastrointestinal toxicities of CRT inpancreatic cancer. Clinical features of gastrointestinal toxicities inpatients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer underwent CRT and theeffect of gastrointestinal toxicities on survival were investigated.MethodsPatients enrolled in this study had received concurrent CRT forpathologically proven locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Their medicalrecords were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsOne hundred fifty-six cases with locally advanced pancreatic cancerbetween August 2005 and March 2009 were enrolled (Table 1). Themedian age was 65 years and male patients 61.5%. The chemotherapyincluded 5-FU-based regimen (30.8%), gemcitabine-based regimen(59.6%), and 5-FU/gemcitabine-based regimen (9.6%). The deliveredradiotherapy modalities included 3D conformal radiotherapy (76.3%) andintensity-modulated radiotherapy (23.7%). The median follow-up periodfrom the start of CRT was 13.2 months (2-52.2 months). Gastrointestinal2toxicities are summarized in Table 2; Abdominal pain or dyspepsiadeveloped in 30 patients and nausea/vomiting in 4 patients with grade 1-2toxicity. There were two patients with anorexia with greater than grade 3toxicity. Fifty-three patients had significant complications such as gastriculcer (n=26), duodenal ulcer (n=17), radiation gastritis (n=17), andradiation duodenitis (n=5). Forty patients had upper gastrointestinalbleeding, such as hematemesis and melena. Eight patients were dead dueto uncontrolled bleeding. The median onset time of gastrointestinalcomplication was 5.2 months (0.8-50.8 months). Acute gastrointestinalcomplications (less than 90 days) occurred in 13 patients (24.5%) andlate complications (more than 90 days) in 40 patients (75.5%). Thelocation of the tumor (body, P=0.033) and chemotherapy regimen(5-FU+gemcitabine, P=0.015) were related with the risk factors ofgastrointestinal complications. The median overall survival was 13.1months in the non-gastrointestinal complication group and 14.0 monthsin the gastrointestinal complication group.ConclusionsGastrointestinal bleeding after CRT does not reduce survival of patientswith LAPC. However, gastrointestinal complications are common, andbleeding is highly prevalent and may be fatal. Further investigation isneeded to reduce serious radiation-induced gastrointestinalcomplications.ope

    A Study on the Insurable Interest

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