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    ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D์˜ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ : ๋น„๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํšจ๊ณผ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ํ•œ์„ฑ๋ฆผ.๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ ์‘๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋ฉด์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์—๋„ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D๋Š” ์ ์‘๋ฉด์—ญ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ด์žฌ๋ฉด์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จํ•ต๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์‹์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋Š” ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๊ณ , ์„ ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์„ธํฌ์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D์˜ ๋ณด์ถฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ์‚ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5์ฃผ๋ น์˜ C5BL/6 ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ (10% ๋˜๋Š” 45%์˜ ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰CD, HFD)๊ณผ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ (์‹์ด kg๋‹น 50, 1000, 10000 IUDD, DC, DS)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 6 ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 12์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ์‚ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ๋ถ„๋น„, ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„, ํƒˆ๊ณผ๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ค‘, ์‹์ด ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰, ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰, ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ๋ ™ํ‹ด ๋†๋„, ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ์‚ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๋น„์žฅ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ, ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ T ์„ธํฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด IFN-ฮณ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด NKG2D์™€ CD107a์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋น„์žฅ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 12์ฃผ ํ›„์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๋ฐ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‹์ด ์„ญ์ทจ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ๋ ™ํ‹ด ๋†๋„๋„ ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ์‚ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D์˜ ๋ณด์ถฉ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D์˜ ๋ณด์ถฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋น„์žฅ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ (CD11b+)์™€ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ (CD11b-)์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D ๋ณด์ถฉ๊ตฐ์ด ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D ๊ฒฐํ•๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์žฅ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด T ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. PMA (50 ng/mL)/Ionomycin (0.5ฮผM)์œผ๋กœ 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž๊ทนํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด IFN-ฮณ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌํ‘œ๋ฉด NKG2D์™€ CD107a ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋น„๋งŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D์˜ ์„ญ์ทจ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, CD8+ T cell์—์„œ์˜ CD107a ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D ๋ณด์ถฉ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋น„์žฅ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” Ifng์™€ Ccl5์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, Vdr๊ณผ Vdup1์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D๋‚˜ ๋น„๋งŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ์‚ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ D๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ ์ฒœ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.Vitamin D has immunoregulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immunity. Vitamin D has been reported to induce differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, inhibit maturation and differentiation of dendritic cells, and suppress adaptive immunity. There have been in vitro studies showing contradictory results regarding the role of vitamin D on NK cell functions, but little is known about this in vivo. The present study investigated whether vitamin D supplementation (50, 1000, or 10000 IU/kg of diet: DD, DC, or DS) affects NK cell functions in mice fed a control or high fat diet (10% or 45% kcal fat: CD or HFD) for 12 weeks. NK cell activity was assessed using radioisotope 51Cr release assay against YAC-1 target cells and splenocyte subpopulation was measured by FACS analysis. Intracellular expression of IFN-ฮณ by NK cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells, and surface expression of NKG2D and CD107a were determined by FACS analysis upon stimulation of splenocytes with PMA (50 ng/mL)/ionomycin (0.5 ฮผM) for 4 hours. The splenic NK cell activity was significantly higher in the CD-DS group than the HFD-DS group, and the CD-DS group showed significantly higher NK cell activity compared with the CD-DD and CD-DC groups, but no difference in NK cell activity was observed among the HFD groups fed different vitamin D levels. Of note, the splenic population of NK cells was significantly higher in the CD-DS group than the HFD-DS group. However, no significant differences were observed in the intracellular expression of IFN-ฮณ and the surface expression of NKG2D and CD107a in NK cells by both dietary fat and vitamin D content. The splenic mRNA expression of Ifng and Ccl5 were significantly lower in the HFD groups compared with the CD groups, but there was no difference in the mRNA levels of Vdup1 and Vdr among the groups. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary vitamin D supplementation can modulate innate immunity by increasing NK cell activity in control mice but not in obese mice, which is presumably mediated through alternation of the splenic NK cell population.โ… . Introduction 1 โ…ก. Literature Review 4 1. NK cells 4 1-1. NK cell development 4 1-2. NK cell receptors 5 1-3. Cytokine-induced activation and cytokine production by NK cells 8 1-4. NK cell-mediated killing mechanisms 9 1) Cell apoptosis mediated by secretion of cytotoxic granules 9 2) Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis 10 1-5. NK cells and adaptive immunity 12 2. Obesity and NK cells 13 3. Vitamin D and NK cells 15 โ…ข. Materials and Methods 17 1. Animals 17 2. Diets 19 3. Methods 21 3-1. Tissue collection 21 3-2. Splenocyte isolation 22 3-3. NK cell activity assay 23 3-4. Serum leptin measurement 24 3-5. FACS analysis of subpopulation of splenocytes 25 3-6. FACS analysis of surface expression of NKG2D and CD107a, and intracellular expression of IFN-ฮณ 26 3-7. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis 28 4. Statistical analysis 30 โ…ฃ. Results 31 1. Body weight, weight change, body fat, and dietary intake 31 2. Effects of vitamin D and obesity on NK cell activity 33 3. Effects of vitamin D and obesity on the subpopulation of splenocytes 35 4. Effects of vitamin D and obesity on serum leptin levels 40 5. Effects of vitamin D and obesity on the surface expression of NKG2D and CD107a, and intracellular expression of IFN-ฮณ by NK cells 42 6. Effects of vitamin D and obesity on the surface expression of NKG2D and CD107a, and intracellular expression of IFN- ฮณ by T cells 44 7. Effects of vitamin D and obesity on the expression of genes involved in NK cell functions 46 8. Effects of vitamin D and obesity on the expression of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism 48 โ…ค. Discussion 50 โ…ฅ. Summary 57 โ…ฆ. References 60 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 73Maste

    c-Jun N-๋ง๋‹จ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”ํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฐํ™”์„ธํฌ์˜ E-cadherin ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์กฐ์ ˆ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์น˜์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ๊น€ํ˜„๋งŒ.Maintaining cell-cell adhesions of keratinocytes is crucial in tightly packing the cells in the epithelium and protecting tissues underlying epithelium against harmful agents such as microorganisms or toxins. E-cadherin junctions (ECJs) have a major role in keeping the integrity of adhesion complex of oral keratinocytes. Therefore understanding of the molecular mechanisms of their formation is critical in both normal and transformed oral keratinocytes. First, HOK-16B cells, a normal human gingival epithelial cell line, were used to identify the molecules involved in the regulation of the formation of intercellular E-cadherin junctions between human gingival epithelial cells. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) disrupted the intercellular junctions through the dissociation of E-cadherin. The role of JNK in the formation of these E-cadherin junctions was further confirmed by demonstrating that JNK inhibition induced the formation of intercellular E-cadherin junctions. The upstream signaling of JNK was also examined. Activation of the small GTPase RhoA disrupted the formation of E-cadherin junctions between HOK-16B cells, which was accompanied by JNK activation. Disruption of these intercellular junctions upon RhoA activation was prevented when JNK activity was inhibited. In contrast, RhoA inactivation led to HOK-16B cell aggregation and the formation of intercellular junctions, even under conditions in which the cellular junctions were naturally disrupted by growth on a strongly adhesive surface. Then, the JNK-dependent regulation of E-cadherin junction was confirmed in gingival epithelium including junctional epithelium (JE) of which intercellular junction is poorly formed. Expectedly, JE of mouse molars had high JNK activity associated with low E-cadherin expression, which was reversed in the other gingival epithelia, including the sulcular epithelium. Next, the molecular mechanism by which squamous cell carcinoma cells grow scattered at the early phase of transformation while maintaining the epithelial phenotype was studied because cell scattering of epithelial carcinoma cancer cells is one of the critical event in tumorigenesis. Cells losing epithelial cohesion detach from aggregated epithelial cell masses and may migrate to fatal organs through metastasis. YD-10B cells which are established from human oral squamous cell carcinoma was studied because the cells grow scattered without the formation of ECJs under routine culture conditions despite the high expression of functional E-cadherin. The functionality of their E-cadherin was demonstrated in that YD-10B cells formed ECJs, transiently or persistently, when they were cultured on substrates coated with a low amount of fibronectin or to confluence. The phosphorylation of JNK was up-regulated in YD-10B cells compared with that in human normal oral keratinocyte cells or human squamous cell carcinoma cells, which grew aggregated along with well-organized ECJs. The suppression of JNK activity induced the aggregated growth of YD-10B cells concomitant with the development of ECJs. These results indicate that the decreased formation of intercellular E-cadherin junctions between human gingival keratinocytes may be coupled to high JNK activity and the inherently up-regulated JNK activity induces the scattered growth of the oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through disassembly of ECJ despite the expression of functional E-cadherin, a hallmark of the epithelial phenotype.CHAPTER โ… . GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 i. E-cadherin 2 ii. C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) 2 iii. Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) 3 iv. Gingival junctional epithelium 4 v. Purpose of this study 5 CHAPTER โ…ก. RhoA JNK Regulates the E-Cadherin Junctions of Human Oral Keratinocytes 6 i. INTRODUCTION 8 ii. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 1. Reagents 10 2. Preparation of culture dish surfaces 11 3. Cell culture 11 4. Transfections 12 5. Tissue preparation and immunohistochemistry 12 6. Immunocytochemistry 13 7. Statistical analyses 14 iii. RESURLTS 15 1. JNK activity is critical to the formation of intercellular E-cadherin junctions between human oral keratinocytes 15 2. RhoA activity disrupts the intercellular junctions between human oral keratinocytes 16 3. RhoA disrupts the intercellular E-cadherin junctions between human oral keratinocytes by activating JNK 17 4. JNK is highly active in junctional epithelial cells, but E-cadherin expression within the intercellular junctions of these cells is low 18 5. In vitro formation of the intercellular E-cadherin junctions between human oral keratinocytes depends on the stiffness of the underlying surface 18 6. Role of JNK in ECJ development in HGKs cultured on rough surfaces 20 iv. DISCUSSION 23 v. FIGURES 26 CHAPTER โ…ข. Inherently up-regulated JNK activity dissociates YD-10B oral squamous carcinoma cells 44 i. INTRODUCTION 46 ii. MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 1. Reagents and materials 48 2. Cell culture and transfection 49 3. Immunoblotting 50 4. Immunocytochemistry 50 5. Migration assay 51 6. Statistical analysis 52 iii. RESURLTS AND DISCUSSION 53 iv. FIGURES 58 CHAPTER โ…ฃ. CONCLUDING REMARKS 68 REFERENCES 71 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 80Docto

    ์‘๊ธ‰์ฒ˜์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์žฌํ™œ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก ์‹คํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก ์š”๊ตฌ๋„

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    ์–ธ์–ด๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •/์„์‚ฌ์–ธ์–ด์žฌํ™œ์‚ฌ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ์ด ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€ ์‚ฐํ•˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋‚œ ํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์–ธ์–ด์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ „์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ธ์–ด์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๋ฐ” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์–ธ์–ด์žฌํ™œ์‚ฌ 202๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜์‘๊ธ‰์ฒ˜์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์žฌํ™œ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก ์‹คํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก ์š”๊ตฌ๋„โ€™๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.prohibitio

    ์ฒ™์ถ” ๋งˆ์ทจ์‹œ ์•„ํŠธ๋กœํ•€์˜ ์ •์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ์—ญํ•™์  ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ทจ๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,1997.Maste

    ๋ฐฑ๋ณ‘๋™์˜ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹(1997)์™€ ์ „์ƒ์ง์˜ใ€ŠThrenus for violin soloใ€‹(2002) ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์Œ์•…๊ณผ(์ž‘๊ณก์ „๊ณต), 2013. 2. ์ „์ƒ์ง.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐฑ๋ณ‘๋™(็™ฝ็ง‰ๆฑ, Byung-dong PAIK, 1936 - )์˜ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹(1997)์™€ ์ „์ƒ์ง(ๅ…จๅ•†็›ด, Sangjick JUN, 1963 - )์˜ใ€ŠThrenus for violin soloใ€‹(2002)์˜ ์Œ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์  ์šด์šฉ(้Ÿณ็ต„็น”์˜ ไธป้กŒ็š„ ้‹็”จ)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ์žฅใ†๋‹จ์กฐ ์กฐ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ด์ฒด๋Š” ์Œ์•…์–ด๋ฒ•์˜ ์žฌ์ •๋ฆฝ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค. 20์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํ˜„๋Œ€์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค ๋งŒํผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›€์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์–‘์‹์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ, ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ์‡ ํ‡ด๋œ ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์Œ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ๋ณ‘๋™์˜ ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹์™€ ์ „์ƒ์ง์˜ ใ€ŠThrenus for violin soloใ€‹๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์Œ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์  ์šด์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ(ๅ‹•ๆฉŸ, Motive)์™€ ์ฃผ์ œ(ไธป้กŒ, Theme)๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ œ์žฌ(้กŒๆ, Main material) ์ด์ž ์šด์šฉ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ์„œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์กฐ์ ์„ฑ์งˆ (่ชฟ็š„ๆ€ง่ณช)์„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์Œ์กฐ์ง ์šด์šฉ ์›๋ฆฌ์ธ ์Œ์ •์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ ด๊ณผ ์˜ฅํƒ€๋ธŒ ๋“ฑ๋ถ„๋ถ„ํ• ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด์šฉ ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ฃผ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์šด์šฉ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์กฐ์ง ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ํ†ต์ผ์„ฑ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์Œ์•…์  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์šด์šฉ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์Œ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์–‘์ƒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹์™€ใ€ŠThrenus for violin soloใ€‹์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์ฃผ์ œ(ไธป้กŒ, Subject)์ž„์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‘ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์Œ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์  ์šด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃธ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์˜ค์ง ์Œ์•…์  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜์กดํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ํŠนํžˆ ์‹œ๋Œ€์„ฑ์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์Œ์•…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก I. ์„œ ๋ก  II. ๋ณธ ๋ก  1. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 1.1 ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹ 1.2 ใ€ŠThrenus for violin soloใ€‹ 1.3 ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹์™€ ใ€ŠThrenus for violin soloใ€‹ 2. ์Œ์กฐ์ง 2.1. ์šด์šฉ ์›๋ฆฌ 2.2. ์šด์šฉ ๋‹จ์œ„ 2.2.1. ๋™๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 2.2.1.1. ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹ 2.2.1.2. ใ€ŠThrenus for violin soloใ€‹ 2.2.2. ์ฃผ์ œ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 2.2.2.1. ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹ 2.2.2.2. ใ€ŠThrenus for violin soloใ€‹ 2.3. ์Œ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์  ์šด์šฉ 2.3.1. ์ฃผ์ œ ์›ํ˜•์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์šด์šฉ 2.3.1.1. ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹ 2.3.1.1.1. ์ œ 1, 2, 3 ๋ณ€์ฃผ 2.3.1.1.2. ์ œ 7๋ณ€์ฃผ 2.3.1.1.3. ์ œ 11๋ณ€์ฃผ 2.3.1.1.4. ์ œ 17๋ณ€์ฃผ ๋ฐ ์žฌํ˜„ 2.3.1.2. ใ€ŠThrenus for violin soloใ€‹ 2.3.1.2.1. m.10-24 2.3.1.2.2. m.44-51 2.3.1.2.3. m.90-103 2.3.2. ์„ ์  ์šด์šฉ 2.3.2.1. ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹ 2.3.2.1.1. ์ œ 4, 5, 6๋ณ€์ฃผ 2.3.2.1.2. ์ œ 8, 9๋ณ€์ฃผ 2.3.2.1.3. ์ œ 10๋ณ€์ฃผ 2.3.2.1.4. ์ œ 12, 13๋ณ€์ฃผ 2.3.2.1.5. ์ œ 15, 16 ๋ณ€์ฃผ 2.3.3. ๋™๊ธฐ์  ์šด์šฉ 2.3.3.1. ใ€ŠPassacaglia for violin soloใ€‹์ œ 14๋ณ€์ฃผ 2.3.3.2. ใ€ŠThrenus for violin soloใ€‹ 2.3.3.2.1. m.24-34 2.3.3.2.2. m.35-43 2.3.3.2.3. m.51-89 3. ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์Œ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„ [ํ˜„์•…ํ•ฉ์ฃผ] III. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์ˆ˜๋ก์•…๋ณด๋ชฉ๋ก Abstract ๋ถ€๋กMaste

    ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ์ง€์› ํ•™์Šตํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œก๊ณตํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2018. 8. ๋‚˜์ผ์ฃผ.ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์ง€์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœํœ˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์ด ๋„์ถœ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์š”์ฒญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์—๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ์ดํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ผ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ •์‹  ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ‘œ์ƒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ‘œ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œกํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์— ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜์„ค๊ณ„์ „๋žต์ด๋‚˜ ์ ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ํ•™์Šต์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ›„, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ์ง€์› ํ•™์Šต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •, ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ณผ์ •, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ณผ์ •, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์ง€์‹ ์ฐฝ์ถœ ๊ณผ์ • ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 1) ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์†Œ, ๋ฐ 2) ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ 3) ์—ญ๋™์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๋‹ดํ™”ยทํ–‰๋™ ๋ถ„์„, CORDTRA ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ถ„์„, ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์†์„ฑยท์ž‘์—… ๋ถ„์„, ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด 3๋ฒˆ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์—๋Š” 3๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด 9๋ช…์ด ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์Šคํ‚ด 1์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์Šคํ‚ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ดํ™”ยทํ–‰๋™ ๋ถ„์„, CORDTRA ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์†์„ฑยท์ž‘์—… ๋ถ„์„, ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 3๋ฒˆ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ์Šคํ‚ด์€ 2๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์ด 3๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์™„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ํ™•์ธ(Member Check)์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ยท์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ํˆฌ์ž…, ๊ณผ์ •, ์‚ฐ์ถœ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž…์€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šด๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ƒ, ํ•˜์˜ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธต์œ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„์˜ ์ธต์œ„๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜์œ„์˜ ์ธต์œ„๋Š” ์ƒ์œ„์˜ ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„์˜ ์ธต์œ„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„์˜ ์ธต์œ„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ํŒ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ํˆฌ์ž…๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„์˜ ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์€ (1) ์ƒ์„ฑ (2) ์ „ํ™˜, (3) ์ •๊ตํ™” (4) ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆœํ™˜์ (Phase)์ด๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์ถœ ์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ์ง€์‹์ด ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. (1) ์ƒ์„ฑ (2) ์ „ํ™˜, (3) ์ •๊ตํ™” (4) ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์š”์†Œ์™€ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ์ง€์›ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฐœ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์œจ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์—์„œ์˜ ์ •์‹  ๋ชจํ˜• ํ˜•์„ฑ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์„ค๊ณ„ ์ ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์ด ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. I. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 11 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 13 1) ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” 13 2) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” 13 3) ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ 14 4) ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ์ง€์›ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 14 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 15 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 17 1. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์™€ ํ•™์Šต 19 1) ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 19 2) ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  21 3) ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ‘œ์ƒ 26 4) ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 28 2. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ 30 1) ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ง€๋Šฅ 30 2) ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ฐœ๋… 34 3. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” 38 1) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 38 2) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ 44 3) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ • 51 4. ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ 58 1) ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” 58 2) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ 60 3) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋„๊ตฌ 61 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 64 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 68 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 73 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ 76 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 82 5. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ 83 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 88 1. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋„์ถœ 88 1) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์  ๋ชจํ˜•(์š”์†Œ) 88 2) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„(1์ฐจ) 93 3) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„(2์ฐจ) 140 4) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„(3์ฐจ) 176 5) ์ตœ์ข… ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„ 212 2. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 217 V. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  219 1. ๋…ผ์˜ 219 1) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ํ•ด์„ 219 2) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฐœ 226 3) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์œจ 227 4) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์—์„œ์˜ ์ •์‹  ๋ชจํ˜• ํ˜•์„ฑ 230 5) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ : ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์„ค๊ณ„ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  233 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 237 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 242 ๋ถ€๋ก 265 ABSTRACT 305 Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ๋ฐ•์ข…์™„.์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ ์œ ๋„์ธ์ž (HIFs)์™€ N-MYC downstream-regulated gene 3 (NDRG3)๋Š” prolyl-hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์˜์กด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ ์‘๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ HIF์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, NDRG3์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ ์‘ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ NDRG3์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ์—์„œ NDRG3 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ถ•์ ์€ HIF-1/2a์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ดํ›„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  NDRG3๊ฐ€ AKT-์˜์กด์  HIF1A mRNA ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„ ์–ต์ œ์‹œํ‚ด์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ NDRG3๋Š” HIF-1a์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ co-activator์ธ p300๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ HIF-1a์˜ ์ „์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” NDRG3๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ HIF-1 ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. HIF-1a๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์ด๋™์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Transwell chamber๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ์ด๋™ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ NDRG3๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ ์„ธํฌ ์ด๋™๊ณผ ์นจํˆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. GEO database๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ bioinformatics ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ NDRG3 mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์•” ์ „์ด ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  NDRG3์˜ mRNA๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก HIF-1 ํ•˜์œ„์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์•” ํ™˜์ž ์กฐ์ง microarray ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Gleason ์ ์ˆ˜ 8 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™˜์ž ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ NDRG3์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  NDRG3์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ™˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ณ‘ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ HIF-1a์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์  ์ƒ๊ด€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž„์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” NDRG3๊ฐ€ ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ „์ด๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and N-MYC downstream-regulated gene 3 (NDRG3) expressions are oxygen-dependently regulated by the prolyl-hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs). The roles of NDRG3 in cellular adaptation to hypoxia is little known, whereas those of HIFs are well understood. In this study, we investigated how NDRG3 affects the hypoxic response in prostate cancer cells. Compared with HIF-1a, the hypoxic induction of NDRG3 was observed at a later phase. NDRG3 reduced the hypoxic expression of HIF-1a by inhibiting the AKT-driven translation of HIF1A mRNA. In addition, NDRG3 functionally inhibited HIF-1 by dissociating the coactivator p300 from HIF-1a. Accordingly, NDRG3 may fine-tune the HIF-1 signaling pathway to cope with a long-term hypoxia. Of diverse effects of HIF-1a on cancer progression, the hypoxia-induced cell migration was investigated. In trans-well chambers, NDRG3 negatively regulated migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells under hypoxia. An informatics analysis using GEO revealed that NDRG3 downregulation is associated with prostate cancer metastasis and high expression of HIF-1 downstream genes. In cancer tissue arrays, NDRG3 expression was lower in prostate cancer tissues with 8 or more Gleason score and inversely correlated with HIF-1a expression. Therefore, NDRG3 seems to have an anti-metastatic function in prostate cancer under hypoxic microenvironment.Introduction 1 Material and Methods 5 Results 14 Discussion 54 References 58 Abstract in Korean 68Maste

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