14 research outputs found

    ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์ผ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ „๊ณต),2020. 2. ๋ชจ๊ฒฝํ™˜.Integrated social studies, a newly established subject in liberal arts and natural sciences integrated curriculum pertaining to the 2015 Revised curriculum, pursues both inclusive engagement of various students for fostering young creative-convergence talents and assessment focusing on the learning process. Since 2016, even before the full adoption of integrated curriculum in schools, the Ministry of Education has set out professional trainings in integrated social studies for teachers, who are the major practitioners of curricula, to improve their professionalism on the subject. Generally, during the transition of a new curriculum, teacher training has been mainly carried out to promote its execution in line with the purpose for its revision. However, to successfully make the newly established curriculum rooted down, probing school climate of schools that teachers work for is imperative, let alone with professional improvement of individual teachers. For instance, the school climate formed and solidified under the influence of intense competition for university entrance exam can give a negative impact on the implementation of educational curriculum. When openness of school climate is guaranteed in schools, in which teachers are physically and emotionally involved, a successful execution of educational curriculum and positive outcomes from professional training for teachers could be engendered. During the application of new, revised curriculum in schools, teachers try to adopt new changes from the curriculum, attempt optimization of the curriculum in reality, and selectively accept the demands that the curriculum asks for. Moreover, each school environment, where teachers are under its influence, works as not only an opportunity but also a limitation during the process. Against this background, it is significant and important to look over the impact of school climate on executing the curriculum, especially, in the initial stage of the introduction of integrated social studies in regard to the new curriculum. It is because the findings of this study can break undesirable practices of social studies teachers and search for a new way to support their optimized behavior in accordance with the purpose for the revision. As integrated social studies was introduced less than two years ago, related studies concerning the subject has mainly focused on educational curriculum development process rather than its successful execution. Simultaneously, current outcomes from analytical studies and assessment of integrated social studies in schools are only discussed and applied in the individual level. This dissertation aims at investigating structural correlations mainly between teacher efficacy, an internal factor of a individual teachers, and openness of school climate, an external factor which can give an influence on the implementation of integrated social studies in schools, thereby giving comprehensive understandings of the interrelation between two factors and its influence on realization of integrated social studies curriculum. And these are the study objectives. Study Objective 1. What influence would be given on teacher efficacy by openness of school climate perceived by social studies teachers? Study Objective 2. What influence would be given on the implementation of integrated social studies curriculum by openness of school climate perceived by social studies teachers? Study Objective 3. What influence would be given on the implementation of integrated social studies curriculum by teacher efficacy? Study Objective 4. Does teacher efficacy work as a mediating factor in the course of the implementation of integrated social studies as openness of school climate takes to effect? Derived from the theoretical backgrounds and expert consultation, the study produced three scales to measure openness of school climate, teacher efficacy, and the implementation of integrated social studies curriculum respectively. To be specific, based on OCDQ-RS, a scale to estimate the school climate in secondary schools devised by Kottkamp, Mulhern and Hoy (1987), the measurement scale for openness of school climate constitutes four subcategories: supportive behavior of principals, directive behavior, engaged behavior of teachers, and frustrated behavior. When it comes to the scale for teacher efficacy, it is composed of three subcategories including self-control efficacy, confidence, and preference of task difficulty, based on the scale designed by Kim A-young and Kim Mi-jin (2004). Furthermore, adopted by the scale devised by Kim Hye-suk, et al., the scale to measure the implementation of integrated social studies curriculum consists of three subcategories: class and assessment plans, class and assessment execution, and feedback and examination of the outcomes. All three scale showed appropriate levels of credibility (Cronbachs ฮฑ) and construct validity. The participants of the study were 206 teachers who used to be or is currently in charge of integrated social studies in schools in central-suburban areas including Seoul, Gyeonggi province, and Incheon City, and their responses were collected via online survey. Through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study analyzed correlations among openness of school climate, teacher efficacy, and the implementation of integrated social studies curriculum, and verified the mediating effect of teacher efficacy, while utilizing STATA 15.1 program. And these are the major findings: First, the result showed that the openness of school climate perceived by social studies teachers gives a positive influence on teacher efficacy (Standardized Coefficients=.354, p<.01). Second, it is shown that the openness of school climate perceived by social studies teachers gives a positive influence on the implementation of integrated social studies curriculum (Standardized Coefficients=.223, p<.05). Third, the result showed that teacher efficacy gives a positive impact on the implementation of integrated social studies curriculum (Standardized Coefficient=.258, p<.01). Fourth, it is shown that openness of school climate gives a positive influence on the implementation of integrated social studies with teacher efficacy as a mediator. (standardized coefficient=.091, p<.05). The distinctive implications of the findings are as follows: First, the positive correlation between openness of school climate and teacher efficacy can be construed as the fact that teacher efficacy can be improved by the changes driven by schools. Especially, as it is deemed that teacher behaviors have higher correlation between teacher efficacy than principal behaviors, it is important to consider securing a certain amount of time systematically to ameliorate cooperation among teachers in schools. Second, it is shown that openness of school climate gives a meaningful significance to the implementation of integrated social studies curriculum, therefore, along with the professional training for individual teachers, it is necessary to secure an administrative support to heighten the openness of school climate in the process of introducing new curriculum. Regarding subcategories of openness of school climate, teacher behaviors have more higher correlation with the implementation of integrated social studies than principal behaviors. In this light, it is deemed that the influence of principals is not fully reflected in a course of teaching, as schools are mostly professional bureaucratic institutions. Nonetheless, if principals exert their leadership to enhance the cooperation among teachers, it can indirectly engender positive results in the implementation of educational curriculum. Third, if a teacher has high teacher efficacy, his or her execution of new educational curriculum would be observed as quite advanced, thus, it is deemed that a teacher with high teacher efficacy, he or she has an excellency in coping ability in changes of the curriculum. In this aspect, it is paramount to conduct further studies in regard to the cause and solution of low teacher efficacy among Korean teachers compared to other countries. Especially, in the field of social studies, it is important to improve teacher efficacy because social studies teachers have higher potential to face changes in curriculum along with the introduction of credit system in high schools. Fourth, a positive perception of openness of school climate can enhance the implementation of integrated social studies curriculum through teacher efficacy. Thus, it is necessary to exert our efforts to lift both openness of school climate in the institutional level and teacher efficacy in the individual level. And these efforts should be systematic with a long-term perspective, that is, developing their latent ability in constant manner is more important than nurturing specific professional function in teaching for a limited period of time. For example, vitalization and collaboration of cooperative communities within the school similar to TS(Teaching School) in UK or among schools could be one measure to successfully implement educational curriculum, by improving their openness of school climate and teacher efficacy.2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋ฌธใƒป์ด๊ณผ ๊ณตํ†ต ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์„ค๋œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜ ์œตํ•ฉํ˜• ์ธ์žฌ ์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ˜• ์ˆ˜์—…, ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋„์ž…๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ธ 2016๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง๋ฌด ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ์ • ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ • ์ทจ์ง€์— ๋งž๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ์‹ ์žฅ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ก€๋กœ ์ž…์‹œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์•„๋ž˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ™”๋œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ , ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ธ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ๋Š” ์ง๋ฌด ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ •๋œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋„์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฌ๊ฑด ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ํ™”(optimization)๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค(๋ฐ•์œค๊ฒฝ, 2003). ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด์ž ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋„์ž…๋œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตณ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ํ”๋“ค๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ •์˜ ์ทจ์ง€์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋„์ž…๋œ ์ง€ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋‘ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์šด์˜ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์— ๋จธ๋ฌธ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ ์™ธ์  ์š”์ธ์ธ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์  ์š”์ธ์ธ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 2. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 3. ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 4. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋งค๊ฐœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ, ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ฒ™๋„๋Š” Kottkamp, Mulhern๊ณผ Hoy(1987)์˜ ์ค‘๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ†  ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ OCDQ-RS์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™๊ต์žฅ์˜ ์ง€์›์  ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ์ง€์‹œ์  ํ–‰๋™, ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ด์„ฑ์  ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์  ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ฒ™๋„๋Š” ๊น€์•„์˜๊ณผ ๊น€๋ฏธ์ง„(2004)์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ, ๊ณผ์ œ ๋‚œ์ด๋„ ์„ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰ ์ฒ™๋„๋Š” ๊น€ํ˜œ์ˆ™ ์™ธ(2018)๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš, ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ–‰, ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ ์ฒ™๋„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„(Cronbachs ฮฑ)์™€ ๊ตฌ์ธํƒ€๋‹น๋„๊ฐ€ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ์ง€์—ญ(์„œ์šธ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ, ์ธ์ฒœ)์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ 206๋ช…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‘๋‹ต ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜•(Structural Equation Modeling: SEM)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ, ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ STATA 15.1 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜=.354, p<.01). ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜=.223, p<.05). ์…‹์งธ, ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜=.258, p<.01). ๋„ท์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜=.091, p<.05). ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™๊ต ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•™๊ต์žฅ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง๋ฌด ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์ •์  ์ง€์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•™๊ต์žฅ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฌธ์  ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๊ต๊ณผ์ง€๋„์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™๊ต์žฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต์žฅ์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํƒ์›”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์œ ์ถ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ตํ•™์ ์ œ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ธฐ์— ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ œ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์€ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์œ„ ํ•™๊ต ์ฐจ์›์˜ ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ผ์‹œ์  ํŠน์ • ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์  ์ž ์žฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜๊ตญ์˜ TS(Teaching School)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ์‹œ์ผœ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 1. ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ 5 1) ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 5 2) ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์ธ 6 2. ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 15 1) ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 15 2) ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์ธ 17 3. ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰ 22 1) ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ 22 2) ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 25 3) ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 28 4) ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์ธ 31 4. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  40 1) ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 40 2) ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰ 41 3) ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰ 42 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 44 1. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ 44 1) ํ•™๊ตํ’ํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ 44 2) ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 44 3) ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์‹คํ–‰ 45 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 45 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 47 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 47 2) ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ 49 3) ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 69 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 70 1. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 70 1) ์ธก์ • ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 70 2) ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ 72 2. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 79 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  85 1. ์š”์•ฝ 85 2. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 88 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 93 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 105 Abstract 111Maste

    A Study on the Mother-Daughter Realationships in Park Wansuh's Novels

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ตญ์–ด๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์†์œ ๊ฒฝ.This thesis explored the complex web of emotions that emerge between mothers and daughters that dominate Park Wansuhs novels and form the mainstay these narratives. To do this, the mother-daughter narrative was positioned at the center of the literary arguments that have thus far shaped the discourse around Parks novels including Korean War and testimonial narratives, narratives of middle-class womens survival tactics, events that became the catalyst for womens liberation, and the literary representations of old age and aging. As an effect of the Korean War of 1950, the South Korean family structure underwent massive change with the decrease in household size. I have argued that it was during this time that mothers and daughters were compelled to adopt what I call maneuvering as a survival tactic. I use maneuvering to shed light on the literary and historical significance of the mother-daughter narrative and the unique emotions that bonded them. Furthermore, I have contrasted the different sources of life that mothers and daughters in Parks novels depended on. I have shown how mothers in Parks work often fall into deep despair after losing their sons to war, and thereby also forfeit their will to live. In stark contrast to this, the daughters draw their will to live from their own decision to cherish their lives and a form of self-love. Previous discourse has not delved into these aspects of the mother-daughter relationship, and it is these very gaps that I have tried to fill through my thesis. Scholars have disproportionately fixated on the genders of the mothers and daughters and have long since argued that daughters are the only characters in Parks novels who have acknowledged the mothers subjectivity as a woman, and their internal development is often triggered by their understanding of their mothers who had grown up in an era of war and industrialization. There has also been a tendency to look at the love-hate relationship between mothers and daughters through a psychoanalyst lens to show that daughters are destined to hate and envy their mothers. This thesis has mainly examined the mother-daughter relationship that appears in the serialized novels and late short stories published during the period of 1980 to 1990 and discovered a new facet to the mother-daughter narratives. I scrutinized the significance of daughters leaving their mothers in the early short stories to become independent, and then returning in the later short stories to care for their mothers. I have examined the way the daughter, constructed as a caregiver, and the bond formed between the caregiver (daughter) and the recipient (mother), is significantly different from the caregiver role assumed by a wife for her husband and a daughter-in-law for her mother-in-law. In 2.1., I examined the novels set in colonial Korea and the Korean war to look at the changes to the family structure and its effect on the relationship between mothers and daughters. I have shown how " Eommaui malttuk โ…  " (Mothers Stake โ… ), set before the Korean war, exemplifies the formation of the family around the mother. Thus, instead of focusing on the absence of the father brought on by the war that often led to the death of the male members in the family, and then on narrative of the family composed of mothers and sons, I looked at how the death of the men in the family affected the mother-daughter relationship and the methods of survival they adopted. I analyzed the rest of the novels similarly to argue that the physical and mental wounds and/or death of the son became a catalyst for internalizing anxieties about survival and about strangers. Moreover, this demise also led to the decision-making power, which was indispensable to running a family fell to the women, i.e., the mothers and daughters. In 2.2., I examined novels such as Namok (The Naked Tree), Geu manteon singaneun nuga da meogeosseulkka (Who Ate Up All the Shinga?), Mongmareun gyejeol (The Thirsty Season) and Geu sani jeongmal geogi isseosseulkka (Was that Mountain Really There?) to explore the daughters shifting away from pining for their mothers love to finding self-worth in their own existence. In part, this thesis was also aimed at delineating the emotional response expressed by the daughters when their mothers lost their will to live upon their sons death. Thus, in this chapter, I looked at how Lee Kyungs selfhood in The Naked Tree culminates because after losing her mothers love and forces her consciousness to move out of her and externalize. Moreover, I showed how the love Lee Kyung has for Ok Hee Do helps her reaffirm her subjectivity. In 3.1., I examined the return of the daughters who had left home in early short stories due to social realities, and the symbolic meaning of care they perform when they return in later short stories, to stay by their sick mothers and take care of them. The independence displayed by them contrasts with the kind asserted by sons during their puberty. While Closing the Door becomes the sons way of asserting their independence, it is Leaving the House that becomes the daughters. However, the daughters departure from the house also constitutes an abandonment of the mother as portrayed in " Mujung " (In the Fog) and " Museoun aideul " (The Scary Children). Furthermore, since the independent daughters return home becomes the basis on which their new subjectivity as the caregiver of their old, sickly mothers is established, I looked at how the daughters homecoming is deeply intertwined with their role as the caregiver. I analyzed " Eommaui malttuk โ…ก " (Mothers Stake โ…ก), " Hwangagui nabi " (The Butterfly of Hallucination), and " Gilgo jaemieomneun yeonghwaga kkeunnagal ttae " (When the Long and Boring Movie Ends) to explore the complex emotions daughters experience when they become their mothers primary caregivers. These short stories are written in a first-person narrative with the daughter talking about her relationship with her mother and constitute the Daughters Mother narratives. In 3.2., I dissected the bonds of caregiving that exist between mothers and daughters following Parks emphasis on the distortion of the care daughters provide to mothers. In the later short stories, the bond that emerges between the caregiver (daughters) and the recipient of such care (mothers), is significantly different from the bond that emerges between wives taking care of their husbands of daughters-in-law taking care of their mothers. The difference being that although the role of the caregiver is often seen as falling under female purview in the way it is passed down from woman to woman, society precludes daughters from holding the title of the caregiver absolutely. I looked at " Eommaui malttuk โ…ข " (Mothers Stake โ…ข) to show how the mothers funeral is not led by the daughter but the eldest grandson of the mother, an act that alienates the daughter from becoming the owner of the care despite performing it. Furthermore, I analyzed The Butterfly of Hallucination and When the Long and Boring Movie Ends to investigate the guilt the daughters experience for having usurped the role of caregiver from the eldest son of the mothers oldest brother. The internal compensation (reward) given to the daughter who takes care of the mother and the conflicts and psychological difficulties (shame) among family members are the main psychological undercurrents that characterize the bond of care in Parks works. In conclusion, this thesis distanced itself from previous scholarship that viewed the close bond between mothers and daughters in Parks body of work as an obvious product of them belonging to the same gender and family. Instead, it examined the literary significance of these relationships by analyzing the multi-layered emotions that emerged from moments of conflicts and solidarity between the mothers and daughters because of them sharing and experiencing personal and familial history, and major historical events.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ์†Œ์„ค ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋”ธ์ด ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒน์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ๋ชจ๋…€ ์„œ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋จ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „์Ÿ ์ฒดํ—˜๊ณผ ์ฆ์–ธ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด, ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์กด ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ช…์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด, ์—ฌ์„ฑํ•ด๋ฐฉ์˜์‹์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์„ค์ •์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด, ๋…ธ๋…„ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์  ํ˜•์ƒํ™” ์ธก๋ฉด, ์‹ ๋ฌธ ์—ฐ์žฌ์†Œ์„ค๊ณผ ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŠธ์…€๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ฑ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ชจ๋…€์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „์Ÿ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋ชจ์„ฑ์ด ๋”ธ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ํš๋“์— ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ๋”ธ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”ˆ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ๋ด„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ์†Œ์„ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์• ์ •๊ณผ ์ฆ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋…€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ ์ƒํƒœ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐํ˜•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ‘๋™์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ถ•์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „์Ÿ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋…€ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณต๋ชจ(ๅ…ฑ่ฌ€) ์˜์‹์„ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋žต์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ , ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋”ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํŠน์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ • ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ๋ชจ๋…€ ์„œ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์‚ฌ์  ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ํ•จ ์†์—์„œ ์•„๋“ค์„ ์žƒ์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‹คํ•  ๋•Œ ๋„๋ฆฌ์–ด ๋”ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์กด ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋™๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ๋ชจ๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋”ธ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์ง€๋…”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋”ธ์„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด์ž, ์ „์Ÿ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์˜จ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์†Œ์„ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋…€์˜ ์• ์ฆ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ™”ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„ํ•™ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋”ธ์ด ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆํˆฌ์™€ ์›๋ง์„ ์šด๋ช…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1980~90๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์—ฐ์ž‘์†Œ์„ค ๋ฐ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋‹จํŽธ์†Œ์„ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ๋ชจ๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตญ๋ฉด์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จํŽธ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๋”ธ๋“ค์ด ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋‹จํŽธ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ๋ด„์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋”ธ์ด ์„ธ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋Œ๋ด„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ž(๋”ธ)์™€ ๋Œ๋ด„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž(์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ)๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด, ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚จํŽธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉฐ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์žฅ 1์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์ œ๊ฐ•์ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „์Ÿ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์†Œ์„ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํ˜‘์†Œํ™”์™€ ๋ชจ๋…€ ๊ฒฐ์†์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์กฐ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „์Ÿ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ใ€Œ์—„๋งˆ์˜ ๋ง๋š 1ใ€์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ž€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž๋…€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„œ์‚ฌํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚จ์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ ์ดํ›„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋”ธ์ด ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™”๋‘๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์†Œ์„ค๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ์•„๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดยท์ •์‹ ์  ์ƒํ•ด์™€ ์ฃฝ์Œ์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ƒ์กด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ฐ– ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์‹ฌ์„ ์ถ”๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์—ญํ• ์ด ๋ชจ๋…€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์—๊ฒŒ ์••๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2์žฅ 2์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์• ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ž๊ธฐ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋ถ„ํˆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋”ธ์˜ ์„œ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ใ€Ž๋‚˜๋ชฉใ€, ใ€Ž๊ทธ ๋งŽ๋˜ ์‹ฑ์•„๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๋จน์—ˆ์„๊นŒใ€, ใ€Ž๋ชฉ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์ ˆใ€, ใ€Ž๊ทธ ์‚ฐ์ด ์ •๋ง ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒใ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•„๋“ค์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋ชฉ๋„ํ•œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ๊ฐ์— ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋”ธ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹น์ดˆ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ใ€Ž๋‚˜๋ชฉใ€์—์„œ ์˜ฅํฌ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒฝ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ธ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์žฅ 1์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จํŽธ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๋”ธ๋“ค์ด ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋‹จํŽธ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ๋ด„์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ์†Œ์„ค ์† ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์•„๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝ์ด ๋ฐฉ ๋ฌธ ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด ๋”ธ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝ์€ ์ง‘ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„œ์‚ฌํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ธ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝ์ด ์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จํŽธ์†Œ์„ค๋กœ ใ€Œ๋ฌด์ค‘(้œงไธญ)ใ€, ใ€Œ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์•„์ด๋“คใ€์„ ์‚ดํˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋”ธ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์•„ํ”ˆ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ๋”ธ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋”ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ์•„์˜ด์ด ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ ๊ท€์ฐฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ์ผ์ฐจ์  ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋•Œ ๋”ธ๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์ด ใ€Œ์—„๋งˆ์˜ ๋ง๋š 2ใ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€, ใ€Œํ™˜๊ฐ์˜ ๋‚˜๋น„ใ€, ใ€Œ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œใ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋Œ€๋น„๋จ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”ธ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ๋ชจ๋…€ ์„œ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋”ธ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋”ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ธธ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3์žฅ 2์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”ธ์˜ ๋Œ๋ด„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์— ์ฐฉ๋ชฉํ•œ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ชจ๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ๋ด„์˜ ๊ตด๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋‹จํŽธ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ๋Œ๋ด„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ž(๋”ธ)์™€ ๋Œ๋ด„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž(์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ)๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋งบ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚จํŽธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉฐ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹จํŽธ์†Œ์„ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ด„์˜ ์ฑ…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์Šน๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋”ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ๋ด„์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์€ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ†ต๋…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•  ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ๋”ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ์†์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋”ธ์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ใ€Œ์—„๋งˆ์˜ ๋ง๋š 3ใ€์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ใ€Œํ™˜๊ฐ์˜ ๋‚˜๋น„ใ€, ใ€Œ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œใ€๋Š” ๋”ธ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์žฅ๋‚จ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋นผ์•—๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๋”ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ด์  ๋ณด์ƒ(๋ณด๋žŒ)๊ณผ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€(๋ฉด๊ตฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›€)์€ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ์†Œ์„ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์‚ฌ์  ๋Œ๋ด„์˜ ๊ตด๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋…ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์—ญ๋™์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ์†Œ์„ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ˆ๋ˆํ•จ์„ ๋™์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋ผ๋ฆฌ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์„ ํ—˜์  ์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐœ์ธ์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ€์ •์‚ฌ, ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์†ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ‡ด์ ํ•ด ์˜จ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒน์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ณต์กด์˜ ํ”์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐ•์™„์„œ ์†Œ์„ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์  ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.1. ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  1 1.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ 23 2. ์ •์„œ์  ์œ ๋Œ€์˜ ํ•„์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ 35 2.1. ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํ˜‘์†Œํ™”์™€ ๋ชจ๋…€ ๊ฒฐ์†์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ 35 2.2. ์ž๊ธฐ์•  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋”ธ์˜ ์„œ์‚ฌ 62 3. ์Šน๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ๋ด„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ์ฑ…๋ฌด 88 3.1. ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ๋”ธ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ธฐ 88 3.2. '๋”ธ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ' ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณด๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ตด๋ ˆ 103 4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  116 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 120 Abstract 126์„
    corecore