Effects of preterm premature rupture of membranes on the newborn infants

의학과/석사[한글] 만삭 전 조기 양막 파수는 산과 영역에서 아직 해결하지 못한 많은 문제점을 갖고 있어 만삭 전 조기 양막 파수가 일어나면 산모 및 신생아의 감염성 질환을 예방하기 위해 곧 분만하는 것이 좋다는 의견이 있는가 하면 미숙아와 관련된 질병의 이환 및 사망을 줄이고자 기대적, 보존적 치료가 좋다는 견해도 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1992년 1월부터 1995년 12월까지 4년간 연세대학교 의과대학 영동세브란스 병원 산부인과에서 만삭 전 조기 양막 파수로 분만한 신생아의 이환률 및 사망률을 조사, 같은 임신 주수에 조기 양막 파 수없이 분만한 산모와 신생아를 대조군으로 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 만삭 전 조기 양막 파수로 인한 조기 분만은 총 분만의 3.1% 였다. 2 폐혈증, 폐렴, 요로 감염, 인공 호흡기 치료, 신생아 가사, 호흡곤란증후군, 두개내 출혈 및 신생아 사망률등은 만삭 전 조기 양막 파수군과 대조군사이에 차이가 없었고, 신생아 집중 치료와 고 빌리루빈 혈증은 만삭 전 조기 양막 파수군에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았다. 3 신생아 집중 치료와 고 빌리루빈 혈증을 분만시 임신 주수별로 비교해 보면 만삭 전 조기 양막 파수군에서 대조군에 비하여 35주 이상에서 의미있게 빈도가 증가하였다. 4. 파수 경과 시간에 따른 신생아 이환률 및 사망률을 비교해 보면 파수 경과 시간이 24시간 이상인 경우 신생아 집중 치료와 인공 호흡기 치료는 의미있게 증가하였고, 다른 감염성 이환률이나 호흡 곤란증등은 차이가 없었다. 이상의 연구 결과, 만삭 전 조기 양막 파수가 있는 경우, 대조군과 비교시에 감염성 이환률 및 신생아 사망률에는 차이가 없었고 이는 아마도 만삭 전 조기 양막 파수군 대부분에서 투여된 항생제로 인한 영향이라고 생각된다. [영문] Management of preterm premature rupture of the membranes(PPROM) represents a clinical dilemma for the obstetrician. Several randomized controlled trials recommanded immediate delivery to reduce infectious complications, when the membranes had been ruptured. However others recommended expectant and conservative management far reducing complications related to prematurity. In this study, we compared the neonatal mortality and morbidity in infants born after PPROM versus control infants. 1.The incidence of PPROM was 3.1 % of total birth. 2.Neonatal death, respiratory distress syndrome, asphyxia, ventilator care, pneumonia, intraventricular hemorrage and urinary tract infection were not different between two groups, however there were significant statistical differences of hyperbilirubinemia and NICU care. 3.Hyperbilirubinemia and NICU care were increased in PPROM group compared with control, especially after 35 gestational weeks. 4.There were significant increases in ventilator care and. NICU care in PPROM group compared with control. However there were no differences in other infectious morbidity and respiratory distress syndrome. In conclusion, there were no differences between two groups in infectious morbidity and neonatal death. We suggest that these findings might be related with the prophylactic antibiotic therapy in PPROM group.restrictio

Topology Optimization for a Knuckle Using Design Space Adjustment and Refinement

Evolutionary topology optimization using design space adjustment and refinement is used to optimize a knuckle in the suspension system of an automobile. Design space optimization used in this paper is a new efficient method for large-scale topology optimization by virtue of two reasons. First, the design space adjustment including multi-layer design space expansion and reduction is suitable for large-scale problems by virtue of its evolutionary nature. Second, the design space refinement can be done locally or globally when and where necessary and thus is very effective in obtaining a target resolution with much less number of elements. Minimum compliance for a knuckle is considered with the actual working condition to show the effectiveness and superiority of the new approach

Optimal culture method to improve the productivity of Haematococcus sp.KORDI03

Haematococcus sp. are well known for the ability to synthesize and accumulate of the red ketocarotenoid astaxanthin (3,39-dihydroxy-b,b-caratene-4,49-dione) for up to 4% of the total cellular dry weight under induced stress condition (nutrient deprivation, increased salinity and exposure to high temperature). Astaxanthin is a high value-added product with applications in pharmaceuicals, nutraceuticals, and animal nutrition. However, the culture cost (nutrients, water, land and system etc.) are considerably high, it is essential to develop an affordable culture condition for mass production and sustainability of the strain. In this reason, the purpose of this study was to develop for reducing culture cost by invented culture method and to examine an optimal condition for biomass production of the Haematococcus sp. KORDI03 (KCTC 12348BP). The broth-cultured strain (3.2x106 cells/mL, 0.0012 g/L) was inoculated by different conditions of inoculationvolume and spray feed interval on BBM medium-based plates (Ø90 x 25 x duplicate) with room temperature (28±0.5°C) and fluorescence light (12L: 12D cycle) conditions during a month. Red cyst cells were observed from 10 days after inoculation (over 50% confluence), and the final production of dried red cyst cells were ranged from 1.63 g/m2 (5 mL inoculation vol. and 5 day-fed interval) to 21.12 g/m2 (1 mL inoculation vol. and 1 day-fed interval).2

Topology Optimization for a Knuckle Using Design Space Adjustment and Refinement

Design space optimization using design space adjustment and refinement is used to optimize a knuckle in the suspension system of an automobile. This approach is a new efficient method for large-scale topology optimization by virtue of two reasons. First, design space adjustment including design space expansion and reduction is suitable for large-scale problems. Second, the design space refinement can be done globally or locally where and when necessary and thus is very effective in obtaining a target resolution with much less number of elements. Compliance minimization for a knuckle is considered with a realistic working condition to show the effectiveness and superiority of the new approach

Topology optimization of violin bridge

학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 기계공학전공, 2010.08, [ xvi, 179 p. ]바이올린 브릿지는 작지만 소리에 중요한 역할을 하는 부분이다. 소리를 전달하는 필터의 역할하며 브릿지는 줄의 좌우 방향 진동을 몸체의 상하 방향 진동으로 전달한다. 바이올린 브릿지는 그 위치나 재료 그리고 그 구조에 따라 다른 필터 특성을 가진다. 바이올린 브릿지의 미적인 외형은 그 기능에 큰 영향을 미친다. 브릿지의 외형은 능숙한 바이올린 제작자들에 의해서 조절된다. 아직까지 하지만 과학적인 근거를 찾기 힘들다. 또한, 바이올린 외형의 모양에 대한 과학적인 연구는 찾을 수 없다. 최적의 바이올린 브릿지 형상을 찾는 것은 기계공학적 그리고 예술적인 관점에서 흥미로운 주제이다. 우리는 위상 최적설계 개념을 이용해서 바이올린 브릿지의 형상을 찾아보고자 한다. 위상 최적설계는 기존의 형상 최적설계 방법의 한계를 넘어 자유로운 위상의 설계를 얻을 수 있는 최적설계 기법의 하나이다. 브릿지의 기능들 중 강성과 필터 특성을 목적함수와 제한조건으로 설정한다. 주파수 응답을 고려하는 문제는 위상 최적설계 분야에서 아직까지 도전적인 분야이다. 효율적으로 범위 주파수 응답을 고려하기 위하여 스플라인을 사용하여 주파수 응답을 근사하고 시스템 행렬의 근사 모델을 통하여 효율적으로 민감도를 계산하는 방법을 고안하였다. 좋은 품질의 바이올린은 특정 주파수 영역 대에서 높은 응답을 보인다. 이 주파수 영역대와 바이올린 브릿지의 첫 번째 고유진동수가 일치하기 때문에 이 영역은 브릿지 언덕이라고 불린다. 브릿지 언덕 부분의 응답을 최대화하는 구조를 찾기 위하여 단일 주파수의 공명 응답과 범위 응답을 최대화 하는 것을 목적함수로 정의하고, 추가적으로 브릿지의 강성을 최대화 하는 것을 목적함수로 설정하였다. 최적 설계 결과를 바로크와 모던 브리지 들과 비교하여 이들 사이의 공통점을 찾고 현존하는 브릿지 구조의 의미에 대해서 고찰하였다. 위상 최적설계 과정은 전자 바이올린의 브릿지 설계에 적용되었다. 각 음에 해당하는 배음을 6개의 주파수 영역으로 나누어 평균적인 크기를 계산하고, 이들 값들의 상대적인 크기를 통하여 음색을 정의한다. 최적설계의 목적함수는 사용자가 원하는 음색의 배음과 현재 설계의 배음의 크기의 차이를 최소화하는 것으로 목적함수를 설정하였다. 최적설계 결과를 바탕으로 실제 바이올린 브릿지를 제작하고 연주와 측정을 통하여 실제로 배음이 사용자가 원하는 방향으로 조절되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 최적설계 과정을 통하여 구조 변경을 통하여 바이올린의 음색을 조절하는 과학적인 방법의 초안을 제시하였다.한국과학기술원 : 기계공학전공

Ideal culture method and application for microalga, Haematococcus sp.

Haematococcus sp. are commercial photosynthetic green microalga, and accumulates high amounts of high value-added secondary metabolites such as carotenoids and astaxanthin when cell color is converted to red cyst cells. Generally, genus Haematococcus have reporting a low growth rate and low final cell density when the cells are cultured with general broth media. In this reason, the culture cost (nutrients, water, land and system etc.) are considerably high despite the secondary metabolites are important for human health. Therefore, development of affordable culture condition is an important role for mass production and sustainability of the strain. The aim of this study was to design and apply the culture method to decrease a culture cost and to investigate an optimal condition for biomass production of Haematococcus sp. KORDI03 (KCTC 12348BP) under waterless different culture condition. Culture condition of the strain was BBM-based waterless agar plate with the conditions of room temperature (28±0.5°C) and fluorescence light (12L:12D cycle) for a month. The results showed that dry biomass of the red cyst cells ranged from 1.63 g/m2 to 21.12 g/m2. The maximum productivity is suggested that ideal culture method is affordable for Haematococcus sp. production and is to be make a convenient process for astaxanthin production from the strain cells.2

Study on the Design of CAE Modeler for a Weapon System Supporting a Large Volume CAE Analysis

Generation of over one hundred million mesh is essential for getting an exact analysis result of penetration, combustion, and explosion of missile. But because no domestic modeler to support this exists and a modeler only for missile also has not been developed yet, it is too difficult to get this goal. In this research we develop a modeler only for an engineering analysis of missile using 64bit computing system to solve current problems.

Jeju underground seawater as a solution of cultivation for standardization of industrial biomass

The stage of marine biotechnology industry in the world is reported at forthcoming phase. In order to enhance the competitiveness of the national marine biotechnology industry in the future, it is necessary to continuously develop core technologies and to develop a sustainable support system for useful materials that can be used industrially. The core technology can be applied and developed in the general biotechnology field as well as the marine biotechnology field. However, standardization of useful raw materials and the development of functional materials are also essential elements to be dedicated to the marine biotechnology field. For example, underground seawater has been buried in the underground of eastern Jeju during the period from 300,000 to 400,000 years ago. The seawater has been stored in the layers of basalt after being pushed to the underground by the osmotic pressure based on phase difference between the seabed and open sea. Jeju magma seawater(JMS)is a sustainable water resource that can be industrially used to produce clean and standardized raw materials. JMS has sustainability for high value due to stable year-round water temperature(16-18°C), biological safety by volcanic rock filtration, and high concentration of minerals. Therefore, development of support system for sustainable for sustainable production of marine-derived useful raw materials, which is industrially available, is necessary.2

Effect of inorganic micronutrients on growth of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima

Underground seawater sampled from Jeju, Korea (so called Jeju magma seawater, JMS) has high amount of inorganic micronutrients as much as 10 times comparison to its amount of natural seawater. Especially, JMS contains high amount of zinc (Z, 0.019 mg/L), iron (F, 0.015 mg/L), manganese (M, 0.008 mg/L), vanadium (V, 0.015 mg/L), selenium (S, 0.013 mg/L) and germanium (G, 0.002 mg/L). Inorganic micronutrients are the essential elements for the photosynthetic metabolism and growth of marine algae. However, there is no information about relation between the micronutrients of JMS and marine algae, just fewer studies of plant cultivations using JMS have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the micronutrients on growth of blue-green alga, Spirulina maxima in the modified medium using different ratio of inorganic components in JMS. Screening experiment for the growth rate of S. maxima was accomplished using spectrophotometric measurement (λ=664 nm) with 64 modified SOT media of each micronutrient combinations. The 6 micronutrient components ratio of the culture media was made each concentration same as JMS under scale-up conditions. Eight modified media were then selected for comparison of biochemical differences and scale-up growth performance under 20 L culture condition for one month. In 10 mL scale culture at 14 days, growth rate of S. maxima in the medium containing mixed component1