9 research outputs found

    (A) comparative study of the mental health status of children living at home and in institutions

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    κ°„ν˜Έν•™κ³Ό/석사[ν•œκΈ€] λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™κ³Ό μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ˜ 정신건강 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³  비ꡐ해 λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ 5, 6ν•™λ…„ μ•„λ™λ“€μ˜ 정신건강을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ , μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ˜ 정신건강에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ‹€μ œμ μ΄κ³  μ μ ˆν•œ κ°„ν˜Έμ€‘μž¬ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ”λ° 기초자료λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” μ„œμˆ μ  쑰사연ꡬ이닀. 1999λ…„ 4μ›” 12일뢀터 5μ›” 27μΌκΉŒμ§€ μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™μ˜¨ μ„œμšΈμ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 2개의 μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ 5, 6학년쀑 μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ΄ μ—†λŠ” ν•œ κ°œλ°˜μ”©μ„ μ„ μ •ν•˜μ—¬ 4개반 μΈ΅ 170λͺ…μ—κ²Œ 직접 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ§€λ₯Ό λ°°λΆ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ€ μ„œμšΈμ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 7개 μœ‘μ•„μ‹œμ„€μ˜ 총 53λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μžλ£Œμˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬λ„κ΅¬λ‘œλŠ” 일반적 νŠΉμ„±μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ§€μ™€ μ•„λ™μ˜ 정신건강 츑정은 Achenbach와 Edelbrock(1983)이 μ œμž‘ν•œ CBCL(Child Behavior Check List)을 였경자 μ™Έ(1997)κ°€ ν•œκ΅­ 싀정에 맞게 ν‘œμ€€ν™”ν•œ K-CBCL둜 아동이 직접 κΈ°λ₯΅ν•˜λŠ” μžκΈ°λ³΄κ³ μ‹ 평가척도인 K-YSR(Youth SeU Report)λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° μžλ£ŒλΆ„μ„μ€ SPSS ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 1. μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™κ³Ό μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ˜ 정신건강은 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 우울 Β·λΆˆμ•ˆκ³Ό 비행에 μžˆμ–΄ μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ΄ μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™λ³΄λ‹€ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ§Žμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 2. 일반적 νŠΉμ„±μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™κ³Ό μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ˜ 정신건강을 비ꡐ해보면, ν•™κ΅μƒν™œμ΄ μž¬λ―Έμ—†λŠ” 아동듀 μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ΄ μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™λ³΄λ‹€ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 정신건강에 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ§Žμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 성별에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ‹œμ„€λ‚¨μ•„μ˜ 우울 Β·λΆˆμ•ˆμ μˆ˜κ°€ μΌλ°˜λ‚¨μ•„λ³΄λ‹€. μ‹œμ„€μ—¬μ•„μ˜ κ²½μš°λŠ” μΌλ°˜μ—¬μ•„λ³΄λ‹€ λΉ„ν–‰λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 6학년에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ” 비행이, 학업성적이 쒋은 μ•„λ™μ—μ„œλŠ” 신체증상과 μ™Έν˜„ν™” μ μˆ˜κ°€, 학업성적이 보톡인 μ•„λ™μ—μ„œλŠ” λΉ„ν–‰λ¬Έμ œμ— μžˆμ–΄ μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ΄ μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™λ³΄λ‹€ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ§Žμ•˜λ˜ λ°˜λ©΄μ—, 학업성적이 쒋지 μ•Šμ€ μ•„λ™μ—μ„œλŠ” μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™μ΄ μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™λ³΄λ‹€ 곡격성에 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ§Žμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 3. μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™μ˜ 정신건강은 ν•™λ…„, μΆœμƒμˆœμœ„, ν•™κ΅μƒν™œ λ§Œμ‘±λ„, 학업성적에 따라 차이가 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ° 5ν•™λ…„, μΆœμƒμˆœμœ„κ°€ μ…‹μ§Έ, ν•™κ΅μƒν™œ λ§Œμ‘±λ„κ°€ 보톡이닀 와 학업성적이 μž˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λΌκ³  μ‘λ‹΅ν•œ κ΅°μ—μ„œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ§Žμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 4. μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ˜ 일반적 νŠΉμ„±λ³„, κ°€μ‘±μ΄λ‚˜ μΉœμ²™μ˜ 방문유무, μž…μ†Œμ—°λ Ήκ³Ό μž¬μ›κΈ°κ°„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 정신건강은 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이가 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 5. μ•„λ™μ˜ μ •μ‹ κ±΄κ°•μ—λŠ” μΆœμƒμˆœμœ„μ™€ ν•™κ΅μƒν™œμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ§Œμ‘±λ„κ°€ μœ μ˜ν•œ κ΄€κ³„κ°€μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ 연ꡬ결과λ₯Ό μ’…ν•©ν•΄ λ³Ό λ•Œ, μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™κ³Ό μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ˜ 정신건강은 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ‚˜ 우울 Β·λΆˆμ•ˆμ΄λ‚˜ λΉ„ν–‰ 등에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ΄ μΌλ°˜μ•„λ™λ³΄λ‹€ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ§Žμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 일반적인 κ°€μ‘±ν™˜κ²½μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ μ‹œμ„€μ—μ„œ μ–‘μœ‘λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 아동듀은 μ •μ‹ κ±΄κ°•μ˜ λ¬Έμ œλ°œμƒκ³Ό λ¬Έμ œμ•„λ™μ΄ 될 수 μžˆλŠ” κ³ μœ„ν—˜μ§‘λ‹¨μ΄λΌ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ•„λ™μ΄ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 μ‚¬νšŒμ  ·심리적 μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ •μ„œμ μΈ μ•ˆμ • 및 μ„±μž₯을 도와주고 μ•„λ™μ˜ 정신적 μž₯μ• λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜λ©° μ‚¬νšŒμ μ˜Ήλ ₯을 ν‚€μ›Œμ£ΌλŠ” 전문적인 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ κ°œλ°œλ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ² λ‹€. [영문] The main purpose of this study was to compare the mental health status of children in institutions with that of children living at home. Data were collected from April 12 to May 20, 1999 from 170 children living at home and 53 children who were institutionalized. The children living at home were students of the fifth and the sixth grades in two elementary schools where the classes had no children living in institutions.The children living in seven institutions whose directors agreed toparticipate in the study were selected. The research instituments were a questionnaire to gather demographic data and the Child Behavior Check List(CBCL) developed by Achenbach and Edelbrock(1983) and revised to standardize for Korean children by Ohet at (1997). Data were analyzed by using the SPSS program. The results were as follow: First, there was no significant difference in mental health of children living at home and in institutions. However, the children living in institutions had more problems in He areas of depression, anxiety and delinquency than the children living at home. Second, there was signifioant relationship between mental health and grade, birth order, satisfaction with school life, and academic achievement among the children living at home. Among the children living at home,the fifth grades, third in birth order, who had moderate satisfaction with school life and poor academic achievement had more problems than the other children. Third, there was no significant difference in mental health of children living in institutions by demographic characteristics, visit by family and relatives, age at which the child entered the institution and the length of time they had lived in the institution. Fourth, birth order and satisfaction with school life were significantly related to children's mental health. In conclusion, the children who were institutionalized are at high risk of mental health problems. Therefore rnrses in schools and communities need to develop preventive nursing interventions with appropriate strategies to improve mental health of children living in institutions.restrictio

    Psychosocial adjustment of adolescent survivors of leukemia

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    κ°„ν˜Έν•™κ³Ό/박사[ν•œκΈ€]λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μƒμ‘΄μœ¨μ˜ μ¦κ°€λ‘œ 점차 μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” λ°±ν˜ˆλ³‘ 진단과 치료λ₯Ό 받은 생쑴 μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ˜ μ‹¬λ¦¬μ‚¬νšŒμ  적응을 μƒμ‘΄μžμ˜ μ‹œκ°μ—μ„œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μ΄λ“€μ˜ 적응에 μ–΄λ–€ μš”μΈλ“€μ΄ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 지에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 심측면담을 μ΄μš©ν•œ μ„œμˆ μ  탐색연ꡬ이닀본 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬μžλŠ” κΈ‰μ„± 림프ꡬ성 λ°±ν˜ˆλ³‘(ALL) μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ μ’…λ£Œλœ ν›„ 좔후관리받고 μžˆλŠ” 만 11~20μ„Έμ˜ μ²­μ†Œλ…„ 13λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ λ°˜κ΅¬μ‘°ν™”λœ 면담지λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 심측면담에 μ˜ν•΄ μžλ£Œμˆ˜μ§‘μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©° λ‚΄μš©λΆ„μ„λ²•μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 자료λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³Ό λ°±ν˜ˆλ³‘ 생쑴 μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ˜ μ‹¬λ¦¬μ‚¬νšŒμ  적응에 κ΄€ν•œ 총 37의 κ°œλ…, 14개의 ν•˜μœ„λ²”μ£Όμ™€ 3개의 μƒμœ„λ²”μ£Όκ°€ λ„μΆœλ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©° λ„μΆœλœ 범주와 κ°œλ…μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€.κ°œμΈλ‚΄μ νŠΉμ„±μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μ›€, μžμ‹ κ°, 이타심, λ‚˜μ•½ν•¨, μ˜ˆλ―Όν•¨μ˜ 5개 ν•˜μœ„λ²”μ£Όλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. μžμ‹ μ΄ λŒ€κ²¬ν•¨μ€ β€˜μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μ›€β€™μœΌλ‘œ, 강해지고 당당해짐, νž˜λ“  일도 κ²¬λ”œ 수 있음, ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 신념이 생김은 β€˜μžμ‹ κ°β€™μœΌλ‘œ, λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°λ―Όκ³Ό 곡감이 생김, λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 돕고 μ‹ΆμŒμ€ β€˜μ΄νƒ€μ‹¬β€™μœΌλ‘œ, 겁이 많고 μ†Œμ‹¬ν•¨, μ‰½κ²Œ 포기함은 β€˜λ‚˜μ•½ν•¨β€™μœΌλ‘œ, 성격이 κΉŒλ‹€λ‘œμ›Œμ§μ€ β€˜μ˜ˆλ―Όν•¨β€™μœΌλ‘œ λ²”μ£Όν™”ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.λŒ€μ²˜μ–‘μƒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 긍정적 사고, 적극성, νšŒν”Όμ˜ 3개 ν•˜μœ„λ²”μ£Όλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 건강에 λŒ€ν•΄ 감사함, μžμ‹ μ΄ 운이 μ’‹λ‹€κ³  생각함, μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‹¬κ°ν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŒ, κΈμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ 생각함, 삢에 λŒ€ν•΄ 감사함, 희망을 가지고 μ°Έκ³  견딀은 β€˜κΈμ •μ  μ‚¬κ³ β€™λ‘œ, 적극적 λ¬Έμ œν•΄κ²°, μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯함, 건강에 λŒ€ν•œ 관심 증가, μΉ˜λ£Œλ°›μ€ 사싀 곡개λ₯Ό μˆ˜μš©ν•¨, λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 섀계함은 β€˜μ κ·Ήμ„±β€™μœΌλ‘œ, μΉ˜λ£Œλ°›μ€ 사싀을 숨기고 μ‹ΆμŒ, μ§ˆλ³‘κ³Ό μΉ˜λ£Œκ²½ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ 영ν–₯을 생각해 보지 μ•ŠμŒ, 이성에 λŒ€ν•œ 무관심은 β€˜νšŒν”Όβ€™λ‘œ λ²”μ£Όν™”ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.λŒ€μΈκ΄€κ³„λŠ” κ³ λ§ˆμ›€, μΉœλ°€μ„±, 뢀담감, λ―Έμ•ˆν•¨, 속상함, λ™μ§ˆκ°μ˜ 6개 ν•˜μœ„λ²”μ£Όλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λΆ€λͺ¨μ˜ λ³΄μ‚΄ν•Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ³ λ§ˆμ›€, μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ˜ 관심과 배렀에 λŒ€ν•œ κ³ λ§ˆμ›€, μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ˜ 배렀에 λŒ€ν•΄ 감사함, μ˜λ£Œμ§„μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 지지λ₯Ό λ°›μŒ, λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°€μ‘±λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μœ„μ•ˆμ„ λ°›μŒμ€ β€˜κ³ λ§ˆμ›€β€™μœΌλ‘œ, 가쑱ꡬ성원과 μΉœν•΄μ§, μ§ˆλ³‘μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό μΉœν•΄μ§μ€ β€˜μΉœλ°€μ„±β€™μœΌλ‘œ, λΆ€λͺ¨μ˜ κ³Όλ³΄ν˜Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢀담감은 β€˜λΆ€λ‹΄κ°β€™μœΌλ‘œ, ν˜•μ œμ˜ λ³΄μ‚΄ν•Œκ³Ό 희생에 λŒ€ν•œ λ―Έμ•ˆν•¨, 경제적 λΆ€λ‹΄μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ λ―Έμ•ˆν•¨μ€ β€˜λ―Έμ•ˆν•¨β€™μœΌλ‘œ, λ˜λž˜λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 마음의 μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό λ°›μŒ, μ™Έλͺ¨μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ‘œ μΈν•œ 속상함은 β€˜μ†μƒν•¨β€™μœΌλ‘œ, λ˜λž˜μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ μ†Œμ™Έλ₯Ό 걱정함, λ˜‘κ°™λ‹€κ³  생각함은 β€˜λ™μ§ˆκ°β€™μœΌλ‘œ λ²”μ£Όν™”ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 결과에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄, λ°±ν˜ˆλ³‘ 생쑴 μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ˜ μ§ˆλ³‘κ³Ό μΉ˜λ£Œκ²½ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ μ‹¬λ¦¬μ‚¬νšŒμ  적응은 긍정적 μΈ‘λ©΄κ³Ό 뢀정적 츑면으둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ λ°±ν˜ˆλ³‘ ν™˜μ•„μ™€ 생쑴 μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ˜ μ‹¬λ¦¬μ‚¬νšŒμ  적응을 돕기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 뢀정적인 츑면에 λŒ€ν•œ 예방과 μ€‘μž¬κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•¨κ³Ό λ™μ‹œμ— 생쑴 μ²­μ†Œλ…„λ“€μ΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 긍정적인 츑면을 μ§€μ§€ν•˜λŠ” μ€‘μž¬κ°€ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ 이루어져야 ν•  것이닀. [영문]The main purpose of this study was to describe psychosocial adjustment of adolescents who has survived childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).Out of total 16 adolescents(11~20 years old) registered at the Pediatric Oncology Clinic at one university affiliated hospital, 13 adolescents agreed to participate in this study. The data were collected through in-depth interview using semi-structured questionnaire. The contents of interview were analyzed by inductive content analysis method. Three main categories were identified ''personal characteristics'', ''coping patterns'', and ''interpersonal relationship''. Personal characteristics included self-praise, self-confidence, altruism, being worrisome, and being difficult. Coping patterns included positive thinking, activeness, and avoidance. Interpersonal relationship included appreciation, intimacy, burdened by overprotectiveness, and feelings of regret, upset, and equal as peers.The results indicate that the adolescents who has survived childhood cancer have both positive and negative experiences. It is suggested that care providers identify and support the strengths of the adolescents in order to help them to adjust better after childhood cancer experiences.prohibitio

    Obesity related Factors in Middle Aged Women: Comparison of Body Mass Index and/or Waist Circumference as Measures of Obesity

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    Purpose: The study examined obesity conditions and related factors in middle aged Korean women who had been diagnosed as obese based body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) measurement. Presently, BMI alone, WC alone, or BMI + WC were used as obesity measures. Methods: Subjects were 488 women 40~64 years of age living in one city, Korea. Structured questionnaires concerning general characteristics, health behavior practices, and chronic disease history were completed by each subject. Results: The proportions of obesity were 42.4% by BMI, 39.3% by WC, and 51.3% by the combination of both measurements. Chi-square test revealed significant associations of obesity with age, education level, menopausal status, frequency of excessive eating, and history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension. These associations were similar for the three measurement schemes. There was significant positive relationship between BMI and WC, whereas the relationship between BMI and WHR (waist-hip ratio) was not significant. Conclusions: The combination of BMI and WC measurement may be a valid way to evaluate the obesity status in middle-aged women. Developing an obesity management program that includes control of excessive eating, and consideration of menopausal status and history of chronic diseases would be prudentope

    Family planning practice and related factors of married women in Ethiopia.

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    BACKGROUND: The family planning (FP) practice rate of Ethiopian women of reproductive age is lower than in most other sub-Saharan African countries. AIM: To examine the status of FP practice and identify intrapersonal, interpersonal and community factors associated with FP practice among married Ethiopian women in a rural area. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenient sample of 193 married women of reproductive age. A structured questionnaire, which was modified based on the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, was used. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with FP practice at three levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal and community. RESULTS: Almost 67% of women were currently using at least one FP method and most women obtained FP methods from the public health sector. Short-term methods such as pills and injections were most commonly used. FP practice was significantly associated with willingness to use long-term or permanent FP methods in future and spousal discussion about FP. CONCLUSIONS: Both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors were related to FP practice. Community factors, however, need to be further assessed using various methods to plan a comprehensive and more culturally acceptable community-based FP program. Caution is needed to generalize the findings because of the convenient sample, but community-based FP programs emphasizing long-term or permanent methods and male involvement in FP counseling would be successful strategies to increase FP practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses and midwives need to be trained to provide knowledge and skills for long-term or permanent FP methods for service quality.ope
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