6 research outputs found

    Status and Challenges of Non-Regular Workers in Japan

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    ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์€ 1991๋…„ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์ดํ›„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ถˆํ™ฉ, ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”, ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์•ฝ 37%์— ๋‹ฌํ–‡๋‹ค. ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์€ ๋‚จ๋…€, ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”, ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ด์œ ๋Š” 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์กฐ์ •์ด ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ 2000๋…„๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ „๋ฌธ์  ์—…๋ฌด ๋Œ€์‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๊ทœ์ง ํ™•๋ณด ๊ณค๋ž€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ น์ž ๊ณ ์šฉ์•ˆ์ •๋ฒ•์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง ์„ ํƒ ์ด์œ ๋„ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋ณด์กฐ, ์ž๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ •์— ๋งž๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด, ํ†ต๊ทผ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์งง์Œ, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ฒด๋ ฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, 2000๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ž๊ฒฉ/๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ, ์ผ ๊ฐ€์ • ์–‘๋ฆฝ, ์ˆ˜์ž… ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๊ทœ์ง ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์šฉ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”, ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ˆํŠธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•™์กธ์ž ์‹ ๊ทœ์ฑ„์šฉ ์–ต์ œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง์—…์˜์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ํ•™๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅ, ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋œ ์š”์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์ธ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์€ ์œ ํ† ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก, ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ง„ํ•™๋ฅ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๋“ฑ๊ต์ž๋‹ค. ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณ ์šฉ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์†Œ๋“, ์ •๊ทœ์ง๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ, ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ, ์ €์„ฑ์žฅ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฒ”์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ใ€Œ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ์ž๋ฆฝ/๋„์ „ ์ „๋žตํšŒ์˜ใ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ , ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ถฉ์‹คํ™”, ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ง์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์ดํ–‰, ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์˜ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ •๊ทœ์ง ์ „ํ™˜, ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ์Šค๋งค์น˜ ํ•ด์†Œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ ์•ˆ์ •, ์ •๊ทœ์ง ์ „ํ™˜, ์ •๊ทœ์ง๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์„ธ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.Non-regular workers in Japan have increased after the collapse of economic bubble in 1991 within the context of long-term depression, low-birth and aging society, and globalization. The rate of non-regular workers has risen to about thirty-seven percent of the whole employed workers, and they have increased in both men and women of all ages. An increase in non-regular workers was accompanied by the enterprisess various usage of non-regular employees and the resulting diversification and polarization of choices of the workers. The companys reasons for utilizing non-regular workers have diversified from the previous causes like labor cost down and employment adjustment during the 1990s, due to the necessity of recruiting professional workers, the impossibility of securing regular workers, and the inevitability of responding to changes in social and economic conditions, such as the revision of elderly employment law in the 2000s. The reasons of workers for choosing nonregular positions have also diversified from the original purposes during the 90s,โ€“household assistance, self time management, short commuting time, light workloads, and other physical problemโ€“to the newly emerged objectives in the 2000sโ€“the usage of professional qualifications or capabilities, the greater work-and-life balance, the impossibility of obtaining full-time jobs, and the better income. The increase in non-regular workers was also accompanied by a characteristic phenomenon, which is the increment of Freeter and NEET among young people. The causing factor of such phenomenon was often pointed as the suppression of new employment of graduated young people among large companies, but the main factors are low level of professionalism, vocational ability, and education among young people. The increase in non-regular workers has led to many social and economic problems, such as job insecurity, low income, a wage gap between regular and non-regular worker, low fertility, slow economic growth, and the crisis in social security system. The Japanese government has set up a countermeasure, Strategy Meeting for the Youth Independence and Challenge, in pan-governmental level since the 2000s, and has developed additional policies with the aim of intensifying career educations in schools for the smooth transition from school to work, converting non-regular workers to regular worker through improvement in job skills, and eliminating mismatches in employment. Also, the government has implemented law revisions for the prohibition of unreasonable discrimination between regular and non-regular workers and for the promotion of job security among non-regular workers by regulating the conversion of non-regular workers to permanent positions. A fundamental solution to the problems of non-regular workers is the higher quality of education, and thus, securing education financial resources through the increase in consumer taxation rate is critical

    [๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ] ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ค‘์  ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ง์ž ์ง€์›์ œ๋„(์ œ2์•ˆ์ „๋ง)

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    โ… . ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง โ…ก. ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ค‘์  ์ •์ฑ… โ…ข. ๊ตฌ์ง์ž ์ง€์›์ œ๋„(์ œ2์•ˆ์ „๋ง) โ…ฃ. ๋งบ๋Š”

    [๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ] ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ค‘์  ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ง์ž ์ง€์›์ œ๋„(์ œ2์•ˆ์ „๋ง)

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    ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ง์—… ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ค‘์  ์ •์ฑ…์„ 2012๋…„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ตฌ์ง์ž ์ง€์›์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค
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