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    (A) comparative study on relationship of social support, life events, and depression between psychiatric patients and norma

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์ผ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ์ธ ํ˜ผ์ž๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์กด๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ์ž„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ์˜ ์ง€์ง€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์ง„์ „๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ™” ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ์šธ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์— ์ค‘์žฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์šฐ์šธ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€, ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด, ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ฒŒ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ธฐํ‹€์€ Selye(1976)์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ Lin(1986)์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€ ๋ชจํ˜•์ค‘์—์„œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜• (The mediating effect)์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐํ‹€๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 1989๋…„ 4์›” 17์ผ๋ถ€ํ‹ฐ 9์›” 24์ธ๊นŒ์ง€ 5๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€์ „์‹œ๋‚ด์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ C๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ณ‘์› ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ž˜์— ๋‚ด์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ ํ•œ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž์„ ์ •์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ™˜์ž(์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ 46๋ช…, ์ •๋™์žฅ์•  20๋ช…, ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์—ด ์ฆ 14๋ช…) 80๋ช…์„ ์ž„์˜ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์ธ์€ ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น. ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํƒœ, ๊ต์œก๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ „์‹œ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•œ 18์„ธ ์ด์ƒ 65์„ธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ธ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 80๋ช…์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” Selye์˜ ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๊ณ  Holmes์™€ Rahe์˜ SRRS๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ด(1984)์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์™€, Norbeck, Lindsey์™€ Carrieri(1981, 1983)์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€์ฒ™๋„, Zung(1965)์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํ‰๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์šธ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS-X๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ Xยฒ- test๋กœ ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€, ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑดใ€ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด t-test๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€,์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด.์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Pearson Correlation Coefficient๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹คยท ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์šธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์›๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„(Two-way Analysis of Variance)์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์ œ 1 ๊ฐ€์„ค, "์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ •๋„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ •๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(t=9.55, p๏ผœ.001). 2. ์ œ 2 ๊ฐ€์„ค, "์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€์ •๋„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€์ •๋„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (์ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง€์ง€:t=-7.28, p๏ผœ.001;์ด์ง€์ง€๋ง:t=-7.04, p๏ผœ.001). 3. ์ œ 3 ๊ฐ€์„ค, "์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(r=5.76, p๏ผœ.001). 4, ์ œ 4๊ฐ€์„ค, "์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋†’์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(r=31, p๏ผœ.01). 5. ์ œ 5 ๊ฐ€์„ค, "์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(์ด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ง€์ง€:r=-.277, p๏ผœ.01;์ด์ง€์ง€๋ง:r=.178, p๏ผœ.05). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋‘์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ์–ธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์งˆํ™˜๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ •์‹œ์— ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค. 2, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ •๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค. 3. ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์ž ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…์›ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋‚ด์› ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Human beings receive the stress of daily lives as they experience various life events. Also, as everyone says, we are social members, which of course, means that we have to cope with many people arid life events around us. Therefore, every individual needs some kind of support from others. Especially, psychiatric patients in general are under greater social environmental pressure. Thus special attention and care should be given to the psychiatric patients with respect to the social support. This study, based on the previous studies that demonstrated the correlation between life events and psychiatric disorder and that showed such life events could be precipitating factors, aims at a better understanding of the relations of the social support, the life events, and the depression between psychiatric patients and normal subjects. Depression happens when the stress of life events are high. So there is interest in the degrees of difference of depression between psychiatric patients and normal subjects according to social support as a mediating variable. This study is a descriptive-correlational study based upon the above. The theoretical frameworks for this study were derived from the stress theory developed by Selye (1976) and social support model by Lin(1986). The period of data collection ranges from Apr. 17, 1989 to Sept. 24, 1989(about 5 months). The 80 psychiatric patients engaged in this study have been conveniently hospital selected - in detail, they are 46 neurosis, 14 schizophrenia, 20 affective disorder. The 80 normal subjects, aged 18-65 from the Daejeon area, who have been matched with the psychiatric patients, are the ones selected after serious consideration of their age, sex, marital status. and education. The research instrument that I have used in this study is a life events scale developed by Lee (1984) which was the Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire of Holmes and Rahe. Another type of research instrument used in this study is the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire by Norbeck(1981. 1983). One further type of research instrument used in this study is the Self - Rating Depression Scale by Zung(1965). The collected data have been analyzed using percentage, X**2 -test, t-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Two-way Analysis of Variance. The results are as follows: 1. The 1st hypothesis, that the psychiatric patients will have a higher level of life events than those of normal subjects, is supported (t=9.55, p๏ผœ.001). 1 2. The 2nd hypothesis, that the psychiatric patients will have a lower level of social support than those of normal subjects, is supported (Total functional support:t=-7.28, p๏ผœ.001 : Total social support network:t=-7.04, p๏ผœ.001). 3. The 3rd hypothesis, that the psychiatric patients will have a higher level of depression than those of normal subjects, is supported(t=5.76, p๏ผœ.001). 4. The 4th hypothesis, that the psychiatric patients will have a higher level of life events, and also of depression, is supported(r=.31, p๏ผœ.01). 5. The 5th hypothesis, that the psychiatric patients will have a higher level of soial support, and that they will have a lower level of depression, is supported (Total functional support:r=-.277, p๏ผœ.01;Total social support network:r=-.178, p๏ผœ.05). 6. The 6th hypothesis, that the psychiatric patients will have a higher level of social support, and that they will have a lower level of life events, is rejected (r=-.090, p๏ผž.05). 7. The 7th hypothesis, that have a higher level of the normal subjects will life events and that they will have a higher level of depression, is rejected (r=-.033, p๏ผž.05). 8. The 8th hypothesis, that the normal subjects will have a higher level of social support, and that they will have a lower level of depression, is rejected (Total functional support:r=-.084, p๏ผž.05;Total social support network :r=-.039, p๏ผž.05). 9. The 9th hypothesis, that the normal subjects will have a higher level of social support, and that they will have a lower level of life events, is rejected(Total functional support:r=-.023, p๏ผž.05;Total social support network :r=-.013, p๏ผž.05). 10. The 10th hypothesis, that the psychiatric patients will be different in the relationship between the level of life events and depression, according to the level of social support, is supported (Life events X Total functional support:F=2.706, p๏ผž.05). 11. The 11th hypothesis, that the normal subjects will be different in the relationship between the level of life events and depression, according to the level of social support, is rejected (Life events X Total functional support:F=2.294, p๏ผž.05). Social support is a variable which plays an important role on the effect of depression by experience of life events. It offers the theoretical framework which is able to adapt the Mediating Effect Model to the Lin's social support model. Suggestions; The following suggestions become evident on the basis of this study. 1. The system of social support should be further used for classifying the types of life stress in order to reduce the stress on the psychiatric patients when they receive the nursing assessment. 2. A more comprehensive longitudinal study should be conducted with the purpose of clarifying causal relationship that social support influence on level of stress by experiences of life events. 3. Nurses should provide the families of the psychiatric patients with supportive educational programs that will help the families of the psychiatric patients, now that having such patients among families will be stressful to the members of the family.restrictio

    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ็ต„็น”ๅ…ฌๆญฃๆ€ง๊ณผ ่ทๅ‹™ๆปฟ่ถณ, ็ต„็น”ๆฒ’ๅ…ฅ, ๏งช่ทๆ„ๅœ–์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ(๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์ „๊ณต),2008. 8.Maste
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