16 research outputs found
Peripheral Intravenous Injection Pain in Hospitalized Children
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to offer necessary data to develop nursing interventions to reduce intravenous injection pain and uneasiness among hospitalized children. Methods: A total of 200 patients aged 1-72 months were selected. Pain during intravenous cannulation was assessed using the Procedural Behavior Checklist (PBCL) and the Faces Pain Rating Scale (FPRS). Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: Younger patients showed higher pain response than older patients (F=33.87, p<.001). Children with respiratory diseases showed higher responses in FPRS and PBCL than children without respiratory disease (F=4.17, p=.017; F=25.31, p<.001, respectively). Children of preschool age showed higher pain response during IV cannulation than the comparison group (t=2.04, p=.045). Children who had previous experiences with hospitalization and injections showed higher response to pain than those without these experiences (t=2.05, p=.045). In regards to FPRS, patients who were recannulated showed more painful restarts compared with patients injected just once (t=-3.60, p<.001). In regards to PBCL, infants and toddlers (t=-4.88, p<.001) and preschoolers (t=-3.86, p<.001) showed high pain scores during recannulation. Conclusion: A sick child's response to pain may be worse as they feel more pain over time. These characteristics should be considered for development of nursing interventions
Menstrual Attitudes and Maternal Child Rearing Attitudes in Middle School Female Students
Purpose: This correlational study was performed to identify the impacts of maternal child rearing attitudes on the menstrual
attitudes and the determinants of positive menstrual attitudes in female middle school students. Methods: With convenience
sampling, 198 middle school female students were recruited living in one major city and its surrounding areas in
Korea. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire including menstrual attitudes and maternal child rearing
attitudes from April 1 to July 15, 2008. Results: Among the Maternal child rearing attitudes, affectionate, achievement oriented
and rational attitudes had positive correlations to a positive menstrual attitude, and an autonomous attitude had a
negative correlation to a negative menstrual attitude. As determinants of positive menstrual attitudes, feeling of menarche,
mothers response at first menstruation, and rational maternal child rearing attitudes were delineated and their explained
variance for a positive menstrual attitude was 18.5%. There was no difference on menstrual attitudes by K clustering in terms
of maternal child rearing attitudes. Conclusion: These results support the critical role of the mother. Especially desirable
maternal child rearing attitudes in relation to a positive menstrual attitude would be affectionate, achievement oriented and
rational for early adolescent girls. In further studies, considerations are needed for menstruation related education and research
for early adolescents and active involvement of the mother & daughter together
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ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :ํํ๋ถ ๋ฌด๊ธฐํํ์ ๊ณต, 2006.Maste