32 research outputs found

    ํšŒ๊ท€ํ•จ์ˆ˜์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์  ์ถ”์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ,2001.Maste

    Privacy Preserving Super-Resolution GAN

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ๋ฐ•๋ณ‘์šฑ.Generative adversarial network (GAN) is a deep learning technology receiving a lot of attention today. GAN is used to provide various services such as increasing picture resolution. In this paper, by using GAN, we improve the accuracy of classification for low-resolution images that are difficult to classify. Photographs are sensitive data that contain personal information, so we hesitate to use our photos. We solved the problem by introducing the concept of differential privacy which ensures strict information protection. After training super-resolution GAN, we implement the differentially private classification model. This model contributes to effectively increasing accuracy within an appropriate privacy budget.์ƒ์„ฑ์  ์ ๋Œ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง (GAN)์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐ๊ด‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‹ค. GAN์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ํ™”์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ •๋„์˜ ์ €ํ™”์งˆ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” GAN์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋“ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ €ํ™”์งˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๊ณ ํ™”์งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ดˆํ•ด์ƒ๋„ GAN์„ ์‚ฌ์ „ํ•™์Šต ํ›„ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ์ •๋ณด๋ณดํ˜ธ๋œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 2 Background 3 2.1 Differential rivacy 3 2.2 Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) 5 2.2.1 Suer-Resolution GAN(SRGAN) 7 3 Algorithms 10 3.1 Differentially rivate SGD Algorithm 10 4 Alication 14 4.1 Data: AT&T dataset 14 4.2 Model 15 4.3 Results and Qualitative Evaluation 17 4.3.1 Training with Differential rivacy without SRGAN 17 4.3.2 Training with Differential rivacy with SRGAN 18 5 Discussion 19 Reference 21 Abstract in Korean 24Maste

    Classifying Parental Involvement in Elementary School: Differences in Competencies and Influencing Factors

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๋‘” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ ๊ด€์—ฌ(parental involvement) ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ํ•™๊ต์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์˜์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ง‘์œ ํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 6ํ•™๋…„ ์ž๋…€ 6049๋ช…์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์˜์‹, ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ธ์žฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„, ์ž๋…€์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค์˜ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„, ํ•™๊ต ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์ข…๋‹จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(KELS: 2013) 2์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘, ํ•™์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ •์„œ ์ง€์› ์ค‘์ -ํ•™๊ต์ฐธ์—ฌ/๋™๋ฐ˜ํ™œ๋™ ์ €์กฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ, ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ์ €์กฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ, ํ•™๊ต์ฐธ์—ฌ/ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ -์‚ฌ๊ต์œก/ ์ •์„œ์ง€์› ์ €์กฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ, ์ ๊ทน์  ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋“ฑ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ธ์žฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ ๊ทน์  ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์„ธ ์˜์—ญ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ์ด ํ•™๊ต์ฐธ์—ฌ/๋™๋ฐ˜ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ -์‚ฌ๊ต์œก/ ์ •์„œ์ง€์› ์ €์กฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์ •์„œ์ง€์› ์ค‘์ -ํ•™๊ต์ฐธ์—ฌ/๋™๋ฐ˜ํ™œ๋™ ์ €์กฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ์ €์กฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ, ์ž๋…€, ํ•™๊ต ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ์€ ์ ๊ทน์  ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ์ €์กฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™๊ต์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ํ•™๊ต์ฐธ์—ฌ/ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์ -์‚ฌ๊ต์œก/์ •์„œ์ง€์› ์ €์กฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์†ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์—์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The purpose of the current research is threefold; 1) to classify parental involvement activities across home and school at the upper-elementary school level; 2) to test the group differences in core competencies, which were composed of self-management, sense of community, and creative thinking; 3) to examine the influences of various factors on group memberships including parents socioeconomic status, child gender, the number of siblings, academic achievement, and parents perceptions of invitations for school involvement. Data was drawn from Korea Education Longitudinal Study of 2013(KELS: 2013). Survey reponses from a total of 6049 6th graders and their parents were analyzed. Results from cluster analysis revealed four groups of parent involvement; 1) emotional support focused and lack of school participation/ culture and leisure activities with children, 2) overall passive involvement, 3) active school participation/culture and leisure activities with children and lack of emotional support/private education, and 4) overall active involvement. Students from the fourth group showed the highest levels of all the three competencies. The third group was ranked at the second highest followed by the first cluster. The second group showed the lowest levels of all the competencies. All the study factors related to parent, child, and school had significant effects on differentiation between passive and active involvement groups. In particular, parents perceptions of invitations for school involvement significantly predicted the group membership to the third group. Implications for educational policy and future research were discussed.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2017๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ

    ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋งž์ถค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•ฝํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ์ด์žฅ์ต.Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder caused by a chromosomal translocation in chromosomes 9 and 22. The resulting abnormal chromosome, the Philadelphia chromosome, contains an oncogenic BCR-ABL1 gene that translates aberrant tyrosine kinase devoid of its autoinhibitory function. Imatinib is a first generation BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has been used as the first-line therapy for the treatment of patients with CML in chronic phase (CML-CP) and is administered at a fixed dose regimen regardless of patient characteristics. However, the relationships between TKI exposure, and safety and efficacy responses suggest that such fixed dosing may not be optimal for many Asian patients. In this study, the relationships between patient specific factors, and safety (e.g., dose limiting toxicity [DLT]) and efficacy (e.g., molecular response [MR]) outcomes were evaluated to develop an initial dosing strategy of imatinib. The safety and efficacy outcomes of imatinib treatment were evaluated using extensive clinical data collected from a total of 1003 patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase between 2001 and 2018. Safety outcomes were measured as the occurrence of DLTs by 12 months that required an interruption or discontinuation of imatinib therapy. The evaluated primary efficacy endpoints were the achievement of MR1 at 3 months, MR2 at 6 months, and major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months. The transcript levels of BCR-ABL1/ABL1 were measured at screening, and at 3, 6 and 12 months after imatinib initiation. By 12 months of imatinib treatment at a fixed dose of 400 mg/day, 45.4% of patients experienced at least one type of DLTs. Hematological DLTs occurred earlier than non-hematological DLTs with the median time-to-first DLT of 35 days (range, 3 to 277 days) and 58 days (range, 2 to 355 days), respectively. The DLTs that frequently occurred first were thrombocytopenia (40.0%), neutropenia/leukopenia (14.3%) and dermatological reactions (12.1%). Patients with lighter body weight (โ‰ค 64 kg) and older age (> 43 years) experienced a markedly higher occurrence of first DLTs by 12 months than heavier and younger patients (57.9% vs. 30.1%, p < 0.001). On the other hand, 38.9% of patients achieved major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months at the fixed dose. Female patients achieved a greater rate of MMR than male patients (45.6% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.028). In conclusion, patients with light weight and old age are more vulnerable to DLTs, whereas female patients gain more efficacy benefit at the fixed dose. The authors suggest that the initial dose of imatinib should be reduced to 300 mg/day or lower for patients vulnerable to DLTs to diminish the risk of DLTs without compromising the achievement of MMR.ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋Š” ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹  ํ‚ค๋‚˜์•„์ œ ์ €ํ•ด์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ์€ 1์„ธ๋Œ€ ํ‹ฐ๋กœ์‹  ํ‚ค๋‚˜์•„์ œ ์ €ํ•ด์ œ์ธ ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ์•ฝ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™์˜ ๋…์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋งž์ถค ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2001๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋œ 1,003๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž„์ƒ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„, ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™์„ 400 mg์˜ ๊ณ ์ • ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ 12๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ›„ 12๊ฐœ์›”๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ฒซ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œํ•œ ๋…์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ›„ 12๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ 45.4%์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œํ•œ ๋…์„ฑ)์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œํ•œ ๋…์„ฑ์€ ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์ฆ(40.0 %), ํ˜ธ์ค‘๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ์ฆ(14.3 %)๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘(12.1%)์ด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ์ค‘, ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋” ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ (โ‰ค 64kg) ๊ณ ๋ น(> 43์„ธ)์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ณ  ์ Š์€ ์—ฐ๋ น์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œํ•œ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(57.9 % vs. 30.1 %, p <0.001). ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™ 400 mg์˜ ๊ณ ์ •์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ 12 ๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋„๋‹ฌ์œจ์€ 38.9%์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค MMR ๋„๋‹ฌ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(45.6 % vs. 35.5 %, p = 0.028). ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ น์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œํ•œ ๋…์„ฑ์— ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™ 400mg์˜ ๊ณ ์ • ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์—, ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œํ•œ ๋…์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค(์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ณ ๋ น์ธ ํ™˜์ž)์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋งˆํ‹ฐ๋‹™์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ 300 mg์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค.ABSTRACT i LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi INTRODUCTION 1 1. Chronic myeloid leukemia 1 2. Imatinib 3 3. Need for study and objectives 5 STUDY METHODS 6 1. Study patients 6 2. Safety analyses 7 3. Efficacy analyses 9 4. Exploration of individualized imatinib dosage 11 5. Statistical analyses 12 STUDY RESULTS 14 1. Study patients 14 2. Safety analyses 16 3. Efficacy analyses 24 4. Exploration of individualized imatinib dosage 29 DISCUSSION 31 CONCLUSION 38 REFERENCES 39 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 46 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 48 LIST OF TABLES [Table 1] Baseline characteristics of patients 15 [Table 2] Number of episodes with percentage of first dose-limiting toxicities and the median time to first DLT 20 [Table 3] Patient factors that affect the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities 21 [Table 4] Patient factors that affect the achievement of molecular responses 26 LIST OF FIGURES [Figure 1] Translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22 2 [Figure 2] The mechanism of imatinib 4 [Figure 3] Logistic regression curves of first dose-limiting toxicities 22 [Figure 4] Kaplan-Meier curves of dose-limiting toxicities of patient groups 23 [Figure 5] Proportion of patients who achieved molecular responses 27 [Figure 6] Proportion of patients achieved major molecular response at 12 months between subgroups 28 [Figure 7] Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrating the predicted probability of dose-limiting toxicity 30Maste

    ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ” ๋‚ด์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” thioredoxin peroxidase ํด๋กœ๋‹๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ทœ๋ช…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€,2001.Maste

    ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ์ „๋žต ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(coping strategy indicator)์˜ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์ƒ๋‹ด์ „๊ณต,2002.Maste

    ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ํ•œ์ธ์„ญ.In order to cope with juvenile crime and prevent the crime of juvenile offenders, don't just blame them, but the state actively intervenes in the home, asks parents to take liability, and educate parents to quickly change the home environment where the child is. In Korea, the criteria for acknowledging civil liability for parents are not specific, such as the United States and Canada, and there are few recognized cases, and no criminal liability for parents is recognized. For this reason, the parents' liability of juvenile offenders in Korea is very low. In addition, unlike the United States and the United Kingdom, Korea does not have any provisions on the basis of education for parents at the investigation stage. During the investigation phase, through various educational programs about child, he or she has a chance to change, while the parents and the family he is going to return to still have many problems. Unless the fundamental problems of parents and family are solved, the child will again live in an environment prone to repeat crimes, and we will find it difficult to effectively respond to juvenile crimes. Thus it is deemed necessary for Korea to step in to manage and educate parents in the investigation stage, such as the United States and Britain. The U.S. has placed strict criminal liability on their parents, but most states, including the state of California, have not prosecuted against parents who have successfully implemented their parental education programs by providing opportunities for divergence, such as section 272 of the California Correctional Criminal Code, before taking criminal liability. Britain holds parents accountable under the system of parenting contracts and parenting orders. It is establishing an autonomous form of parents education system called the Convention on Parents' Education, and criminal punishment of parents for disobeying parent education orders, which also give them opportunities several times so that their parents can get their parents' education as much as possible. Because many critics say that strict parental liability such as the U.S. infringe on autonomy, it is necessary to introduce system such as the U.K. to enforce parenting orders only when it becomes a serious situation that guarantees autonomy to parents but cannot be left to their own. If educating parents is implemented during the investigation phase, parents should be educated by various programs such as father education programs, gender education programs, and family type programs instead of standardized education programs. Meanwhile, in order to improve childs ability to resolve disputes, in order to utilize child-targeted criminal vitcim-offender mediation system in the United States, United Kingdom, etc. Since it is difficult to solve the root of the problem only if a child changes, a system is needed that allows parents and families of the two sides to participate in the process and discuss it together and change their families at the same time. I think it will help us a lot to see how the "Make It Right" recovery community conference is being held in California and how the U.K. operates a meeting of offenders and victims. And while the criminal mediation system in Korea is reflected on sentencing only when mediation is established or the conditions of the agreement are fulfilled, the U.S. and Germany may not suspend indictment or indict juvenile offenders just because they have gone through the mediation process even if mediation is not established. We, like the United States and Germany, need to be suspended for prosecution just because they went through mediation process in terms of restorative justice.์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์— ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์†Œ๋…„ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”์˜ ์žฌ๋ฒ”์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œกํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ธ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ธ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์†Œ๋…„ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์†Œ๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ต์œกํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๋…„์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐˆ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์†Œ๋…„์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ๋ฒ”์„ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‰ฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ˆ˜์ • ํ˜•๋ฒ• ์ œ272์กฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ž˜ ์ดํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œกํ˜‘์•ฝ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก๋ช…๋ น์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œกํ˜‘์•ฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก๋ช…๋ น์— ๋ถˆ์‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค˜ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋˜ ์ž์œจ์— ๋งก๊ฒจ ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก๋ช…๋ น์„ ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํš์ผํ™”๋œ ์ฃผ์ž…์‹ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ, ์  ๋”์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œกํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ, ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ • ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋…„๋งŒ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ์— ์–‘์ธก์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œ์ผœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜‘์˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธใ€ŒMake It Rightใ€์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹, ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž-๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ž ํšŒ์˜ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ •์ œ๋„๋Š” ์กฐ์ •์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ, ํ•ฉ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ดํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์–‘ํ˜•์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋…์ผ์€ ์กฐ์ •์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ์กฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ”์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์œ ์˜ˆ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ํšŒ๋ณต์  ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋…์ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ž, ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์†Œ์œ ์˜ˆ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 โ… . ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  1 โ…ก. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ์†Œ๋…„์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 6 โ… . ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋™ํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 6 1. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋™ํ–ฅ 6 2. ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ง‘๋‹จํ™”, ์กฐ์งํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 9 3. SNS๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ณผ์‹œ ์š•๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ 10 โ…ก. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„ 12 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 12 2. ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„ 13 ๊ฐ€. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ถœ์„ ์˜๋ฌด 13 ๋‚˜. ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์ž„์‹œ์กฐ์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„ 14 ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ง€์›, ๊ต์œก ์กฐ์น˜ 15 ๋ผ. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ, ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ 16 3. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„ ์ฑ…์ž„ 17 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ ์ฑ…์ž„ 17 ๋‚˜. ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๋ก€ ๊ฒ€ํ†  18 โ…ข. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 20 1. ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„๊ต์œก๋ช…๋ น 20 2. ํ•™๊ตํญ๋ ฅ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก๋ช…๋ น 21 ์ œ3์žฅ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž ํŠน๋ณ„๊ต์œก๋ช…๋ น ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 22 โ… . ๊ฐœ์š” 22 1. ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 22 2. ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 23 โ…ก. ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 25 1. ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž ํŠน๋ณ„๊ต์œก์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 25 2. ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํŠน๋ณ„๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋„์ž… 26 ๊ฐ€. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  26 ๋‚˜. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 28 3. ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žํŠน๋ณ„๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋„์ž… 28 ๊ฐ€. ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 28 ๋‚˜. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 29 ์ œ4์žฅ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ • ๋„์ž… ๋…ผ์˜ 31 โ… . ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ๋„์ž… ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 31 1. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 31 2. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ๊ทœ์ • ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  32 โ…ก. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์‹คํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 33 1. ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๊ต์œก์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” 33 ๊ฐ€. ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 33 ๋‚˜. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋‚ด์šฉ 34 2. ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ”์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹ดโ€ค์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋„์ž… 35 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฐœ์š” 35 ๋‚˜. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋‚ด์‹คํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 37 3. ์  ๋”์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋งˆ๋ จ 37 ๊ฐ€. ๋„์ž… ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 37 ๋‚˜. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 39 4. ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” 40 ๊ฐ€. ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 40 ๋‚˜. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 41 5. ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋„์ž… ๊ฒ€ํ†  42 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฐ€์กฑํญ๋ ฅ, ์•„๋™ํ•™๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 42 ๋‚˜. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 43 ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 43 ์ œ5์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ๊ด€๋ จ ์™ธ๊ตญ ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต 44 โ… . ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 44 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 44 ๊ฐ€. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„๋ฒ•์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ 44 1) ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ ์ฑ…์ž„์˜ ์ธ์ • ์š”๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 45 2) ํ˜•์‚ฌ์ฑ…์ž„ 47 (๊ฐ€) ๋ฌด๋‹จ๊ฒฐ์„๋ฒ• 47 (๋‚˜) ํ†ตํ–‰๊ธˆ์ง€๋ช…๋ น 48 (๋‹ค) ๋น„ํ–‰์กฐ์žฅ ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ• 48 (๋ผ) 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„๋ฒ• 49 (1) 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ํŠน์ง• 49 (2) ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์ • ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 51 ๋‚˜. ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ํŒ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ถ€๊ณผ 53 2. ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 54 โ…ก. ์˜๊ตญ 55 1. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ํŠน์ง• 55 2. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œกํ˜‘์•ฝ 56 ๊ฐ€. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œกํ˜‘์•ฝ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 57 ๋‚˜. ํ˜‘์•ฝ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜ 59 3. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก๋ช…๋ น 60 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฐœ์š” ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 60 ๋‚˜. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก๋ช…๋ น์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ 61 4. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฐฐ์ƒ๋ช…๋ น 62 โ…ข. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค 64 1. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„๋ฒ•์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 64 2. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 65 ๊ฐ€. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์ธ์ • ์š”๊ฑด 65 ๋‚˜. ์†ํ•ด๋ฐฐ์ƒ์•ก์˜ ์‚ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ 66 โ…ฃ. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  66 ์ œ6์žฅ ์†Œ๋…„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ • ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 70 โ… . ํšŒ๋ณต์  ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋Œ€์‘ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 70 1. ํšŒ๋ณต์  ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜์˜ 70 2. ํšŒ๋ณต์  ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง• 70 3. ์†Œ๋…„์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํšŒ๋ณต์  ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 71 โ…ก. ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ • ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  73 1. ํ˜„ํ–‰ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  73 ๊ฐ€. ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ • 73 ๋‚˜. ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ•์ƒ ํ™”ํ•ด ๊ถŒ๊ณ  ์ œ๋„ 75 1) ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 75 2) ์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 75 ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ตํญ๋ ฅ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ƒ์˜ ์กฐ์ • ์ œ๋„ 76 2. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋ถ„์„ 77 โ…ข. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋“ฑ ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ • ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 79 1. ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์Ÿ์  79 2. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋“ฑ ์†Œ๋…„๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ • ๋„์ž… 79 ์ œ7์žฅ ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์™ธ๊ตญ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ • ์ฒด๊ณ„ 80 โ… . ๋…์ผ 80 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 80 2. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋‚ด์šฉ 81 โ…ก. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 82 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 82 2. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์†Œ๊ฐœ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 83 ๊ฐ€. ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ Make It Right 83 ๋‚˜. ๋‰ด์š• ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๋ธŒ๋กฑ์Šค์˜ Common Justice 84 ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ตํญ๋ ฅ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋˜๋ž˜์กฐ์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 86 1) ๋˜๋ž˜์กฐ์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ • 86 2) ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฒ€ํ†  87 โ…ข. ์˜๊ตญ 88 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 88 2. ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ •์˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ • 89 โ…ฃ. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค 90 1. ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 90 2. ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ํ˜•๋ฒ•์ „์— ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณต์  ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• 91 3. ์†Œ๋…„ํ˜•์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์—์„œ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์  ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• 92 4. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์กฐ์ • ๋ชจ๋ธ 93 ๊ฐ€. ํ”ผํ•ด์ž-๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ž ํ™”ํ•ด ์กฐ์ • 93 ๋‚˜. ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ 93 โ…ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  94 ์ œ8์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  96 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 100 ABSTRACT 105Maste

    ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ :"์ฟ ์ฟ "์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต

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    ์ฟ ์ฟ ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ(cook)์™€ ๋ป๊พธ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์–ด๋กœ์„œ ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ(์Œ์‹)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ป๊พธ๊ธฐ(cuckoo)์˜ ์˜์–ดํ‘œ๊ธฐ์ธ ์ฟ ์ฟ  ๋Š” ๋ป๊พธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋งŒํผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ด‘์ „์ž์˜ ์‹ ๋…์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊น๊น ๊ณผ ๊ผผ๊ผผ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์ฟ ์ฟ  ๋Š” 25๋…„๊ฐ„ ์••๋ ฅ๋ฐฅ์†ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ์„ฑ๊ด‘์ „์ž๊ฐ€ 1998๋…„ ์ถœ์‹œํ•œ ์ž์ฒด ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. 1978๋…„ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์„ฑ๊ด‘์ „์ž๋Š” 1998๋…„ ์ž์ฒด ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ฟ ์ฟ  ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ผ๋ณธ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ œ์น˜๊ณ  ์‹œํŒ 1๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ „๊ธฐ์••๋ ฅ๋ฐฅ์†ฅ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ 1์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฟ ์ฟ ๋Š” 1998๋…„ 250์–ต, 1999๋…„ 450์–ต, 2000๋…„ 800์–ต์›, 2001๋…„์—๋Š” 1,300์–ต์›์˜ ๋งค์ถœ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „์ฒด์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐฅ์†ฅ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ 42.3%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—ผ์„ ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ LG๋‚˜ ์‚ผ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ•˜๋ฝ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฟ ์ฟ ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์‚ผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐฅ์†ฅ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์€ 2000๋…„ 21%, 2001๋…„ 19%, 2002๋…„ 14%๋กœ ์ ์ฐจ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  LG๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 12%, 17%, 18%๋กœ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์„ฑ๊ด‘์ „์ž์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ ์œ ์œจ์€ 2000๋…„ 36%, 2001๋…„ 43%, 2002๋…„ 50%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ์ •๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๏ผŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฟ ์ฟ ๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹น๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค

    A Case Study on Ecotourism in Bohol, Philippines

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    This purpose of this study is to analysis the Bohol Ecotourism by judging whether Bohol's tourists have the characteristic of Ecotourists and understanding the characteristic and problems of Bohol Ecotourism sites. Bohol has rare, unique and fascinating sites like Chocolate Hills, Tarsier Sanctuary, Mangrove and so on. Bohol continues the efforts to promote ecotourism by utilizing these natural resources. However, the public relations activities are limited in certain ares and Ecotourism programs or tourism field guides are also insufficient. The survey was conducted to find out the characteristic of Bohol tourists. The survey showed that Bohol tourists sympathize with the beautiful natural landscape, but expected the higher level of facilities like general public tourist. It is though that they still lack all understanding of ecotourism. According to the Bohol case, when establishing the domestic ecotourism strategy, it is important to give people consciousness on sustainable and responsible travel behavior rather that promote it. This will make the authentic eco-tourism happen and the ecosystem will be kept in balance
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