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    The effects of quercetin on oxidative stress resistance and physiological responses in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

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    ์–ด๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ผ๋ถ„๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ธ์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์œ ํ•ด์‚ฐ์†Œ์ธ reactive oxygen species (ROS)๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑ&#8228์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ROS์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ญ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์ž‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์ž‘์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ์†Œ๋กœ๋Š” superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) ๋ฐ glutathione S-transferase (GST)๋“ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”์ œ๋กœ๋Š” Metallothionein (MT), vitamin C ๋ฐ E ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ROS ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™”์ œ์ž„๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ฆ์ง„ ๋“ฑ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด์„ ๋„™์น˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋…์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ Cd ๋ฐ ์ €์—ผ๋ถ„์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œ์ผœ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ์†Œ์ธ SOD์™€ CAT์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ROS์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ธ H2O2๋†๋„, ์ง€์งˆ ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”(lipid peroxidation, LPO) ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ๋ฅผ Cd๊ณผ ์ €์—ผ๋ถ„์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ์†Œ์ธ SOD์™€ CAT ๋ฐœํ˜„๋Ÿ‰์„ quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐœํ˜„๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, SOD์™€ CAT ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ H2O2 ๋†๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ROS๋Š” ์ง€์งˆ ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ๋ฅผ Cd๊ณผ ์ €์—ผ๋ถ„์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ LPO ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ, ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ ROS๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์งˆ ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด์˜ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋Šฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒด๋‚ด lysozyme ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด์ด ์ฒด๋‚ด ๋ฉด์—ญ๋Šฅ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ฆ์ง„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ T3 ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ํ€˜๋ฅด์„ธํ‹ด์ด ์ฒด๋‚ด ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ž‘์šฉ ์ด‰์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ฆ์ง„์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.Contents i List of Table iii List of Figures iv Abstract (in Korean) v I. General Introduction 1 II. Experiment 1 3 Abstract 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Materials and methods 7 2.1. Experimental fish and conditions 7 2.2. Experimental diets 7 2.3. Plasma lysozyme activity and T3 analysis 10 2.4. Cd exposure 10 2.5. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) 11 2.6. SOD and CAT activity analysis 12 2.7. H2O2 assay 13 2.8. LPO assay 13 2.9. Statistical analysis 14 3. Results 15 3.1. Plasma lysozyme activity and T3 analysis 15 3.2. QPCR for SOD and CAT mRNA expression 18 3.3. SOD and CAT activity 22 3.4. H2O2 assay 26 3.5. LPO assay 29 4. Discussion 32 III. Experiment 2 36 Abstract 36 1. Introduction 38 2. Materials and methods 41 2.1. Experimental fish and conditions 41 2.2. Experimental diets 41 2.3. Plasma total cholesterol analysis 42 2.4. Osmotic stress produced by changes of salinity 42 2.5. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) 43 2.6. SOD and CAT activity analysis 44 2.7. H2O2 assay 45 2.8. Plasma lysozyme activity analysis 45 2.9. Plasma osmolality and cortisol analysis 46 2.10. Statistical analysis 46 3. Results 47 3.1. Plasma total cholesterol 47 3.2. SOD and CAT mRNA expression 50 3.3. SOD and CAT activities 54 3.4. H2O2 concentration 58 3.5. Plasma lysozyme activity 61 3.6. Plasma cortisol 64 3.7. Plasma osmolality 67 4. Discussion 70 IV. Conclusion 75 V. Acknowledgement 76 VI. References 7

    ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ๋ ˆ๋””๋ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ–‰๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋†์—…์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋†๊ฒฝ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™๋ถ€(์ง€์—ญ์ •๋ณด์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ๋ฌธ์ •ํ›ˆ.Although ready meals have recently increased their market share in the Korean food industry, a literature review found that the use of ready meals triggers feelings of guilt in homemakers. Such guilt arises as a result of several factors apparently related to consumers health. Consequently, levels of guilt might be expected to vary depending on consumers perceived health locus. The present study aims to examine (a) how health locus affects guilty feelings about ready-meal consumption, (b) how the effect varies in relation to the consumption of different types of ready meal, and (c) the relationship between consumers guilty feelings and willingness to buy ready meals. Three dimensions of health locus of control (HLC) -internal HLC (IHLC), powerful-others HLC (PHLC), and chance HLC (CHLC)- were presumed to influence consumers feelings of guilt in association with ready meals. Data were collected via an online survey, and participants were randomly assigned to either of two groups: one group was instructed to heat meals in a microwave (ready-to-heat [RTH] group, n=104) and the other cooked using a pan with additional ingredients (ready-to-cook [RTC] group, n=101). The study found that guilty feelings about consuming RTH meals increased in line with increased external HLCs, namely, PHLC and CHLC. For the RTC group, guilt increased in line with increased PHLC. IHLC had no significant effect on guilty feelings in either group. Willingness to buy ready meals decreased for both groups as consumers feelings of guilt increased. Even RTC meals, which require more time and energy in food preparation, did not reduce guilty feelings among consumers with higher PHLC. RTC meals are preferable for consumers with higher CHLC, since their sense of greater involvement in the cooking process alleviates their feelings of guilt. Cooking with already prepared and uncooked ingredients brought fun and joy, both for the participants and their significant others. This interpretation may be developed into a strategic plan by ready-meal producers to strengthen their marketing strategy.A family medical history of chronic disease can affect all aspects of ones lifestyle, including diet, since having a healthy diet helps prevent diseases. Studies that examine whether processed food increases the risk of chronic diseases are prevalent, but the risk to health posed by ready meals is a notable gap in research. Although ready meals, which are some of the most highly processed food items available, are perceived as unhealthy, the Korean ready meal market is on the rise. This greatly concerns the Korean government, as the socio-economic burden of the treatment of chronic diseases is expected to rise in the coming years. Considering that food preference is determined by eating habits and usual food choices, it is expected that consumers' usual food choices would influence their ready meal purchase behavior. Snacks and beverages are known as hedonic foods: foods that grant immediate gratification, despite causing adverse health outcomes. In order to understand the factors that affect consumers purchase of ready meals, this present study investigated an effect of a family history of chronic disease on the purchase ratio of ready meals to fresh foods. In addition, the moderating effect of energy-dense snack and sugar-sweetened beverage purchase expenditure was examined. Secondary panel data collected by the Rural Development Administration (RDA) of Korea was used in multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between a family medical history of hypertension and a purchase ratio of grain-based ready meals to fresh grain under conditions of high snack and beverage purchase expenditure and a negative relationship between a family medical history of hypertension and a purchase ratio of grain-based ready meals to fresh grains under conditions of low snack and beverage purchase expenditure. In addition, having a family medical history of diabetes has a stronger effect on the purchase ratio of vegetable-based ready meals to fresh vegetables when snack and beverage purchase expenditure is lower. The reverse is true when snack and beverage purchase expenditures are higher. In this study, ready meals are assigned to one of three groups based on the primary ingredientโ€”grain (rice), meat, and vegetablesโ€”and were examined as a ratio of ready meals to fresh foods calculated based on consumers expenditures, using secondary panel data.โ… . Essay 1: An Effect of Ready Meals Cooking Instructions and Consumers Health Locus of Control on Feelings of Guilt 1. Introduction 1 2. Literature review 3 2.1. Major constructs 3 2.1.1. Health Locus of Control 3 2.1.2. Feelings of Guilt 5 2.1.3. Willingness to buy 6 2.2. Hypotheses 6 3. Method 7 4. Results 12 5. Discussion 14 6. Implications 17 6.1. Theoretical Implications 17 6.2. Managerial Implications 17 7. References 19 8. Appendix 23 โ…ก. Essay 2: The substitution of fresh foods with ready meals: from a perspective of family medical history and hedonic food purchase 1. Introduction 1 2. Literature review 4 2.1. Family medical history of chronic disease 4 2.2. The moderating role of hedonic food consumption 9 3. Method 11 4. Results 16 5. Discussion 28 5.1. Direct effects 28 5.2. Moderating effects of snack and beverage purchase expenditure 31 6. Implications 33 6.1. Theoretical Implications 33 6.2. Managerial Implications 34 7. Limitations and future research 34 8. References 36Maste

    hepatic and intestinal first-pass effects

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    Thesis(master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผํ•™ ์ „๊ณต,2006.Maste

    Analysis of metacommunicative behaviors between nurses and patients in a pediatric unit.

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„๋™๋ณ‘๋™์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์•„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์œ„์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 2001๋…„ 12์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2002๋…„ 2์›”๊นŒ์ง€ S์‹œ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ ์ผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ ๋ณ‘๋™์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ ๋ณ‘๋™์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 6๋ช…๊ณผ 5-6์„ธ์˜ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ™˜์•„ 8๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์•„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…นํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์  ๋น„์–ธ์–ด์  ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ „์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ „์‚ฌ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ Bales์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์˜ 12๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜(coding)ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์•„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์•„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜, ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ชฉ์ , ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •๋ถ„์„, ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ์ • ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ™˜์•„์˜ ์ƒ์œ„์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์•„ 8์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ 2์ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ 8์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋™์•ˆ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ๋Š” ์ด 75ํšŒ์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 39.75๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1ํšŒ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 4.24๋ถ„์ด๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ™œ๋™์€ ์ •๋งฅ์ฃผ์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ์ฑ„ํ˜ˆ, ์ž…์›๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ, ๋ณ‘์‹ค์ˆœํšŒ(์ƒํƒœ, ์ˆ˜์•ก, ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ถ€์œ„ ํ™•์ธ), ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜์น˜, ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์•ฝ, ํ™œ๋ ฅ์ง•ํ›„ ์ธก์ •, ์ •๋งฅ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํˆฌ์•ฝ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๋Œ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์•„-๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์ฃผ๋„์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ™˜์•„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ชฉ/๋™์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž„, ์นœ๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž„, ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•จ, ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต, ์˜๊ฒฌ์ œ์‹œ, ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์ž„, ๊ธด์žฅํ•ด์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž„, ์ฃผ๋ชฉ/๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ตฌํ•จ, ๋น„์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž„, ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊ตฌํ•จ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ™˜์•„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ 1์ผ์—์„œ 2์ผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธ์ •์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ™˜์•„์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ์ž…์›๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ธก ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ 4๋…„์ œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ™˜์•„์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์œ„์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ํ™˜์•„์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์œ„์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ํ–‰์œ„์™€ ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธ์ •์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์•„์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์œ„์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ธฐ, ๋ˆˆ๋†’์ด ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ, ๋ˆˆ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ, ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๊ฒฉ๋ ค๋‚˜ ์นญ์ฐฌํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ, ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์นœ๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ, ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๋ฐ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋™์งˆ๊ฐ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์•„๋™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์ƒ์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ํ–‰์œ„๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์ด์™„๋œ ์ž์„ธ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋Œ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๊ธด์žฅ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ”์ฃผํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋™๋ณ‘๋™์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์•„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์œ„์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ต์œก์— ์ƒ์œ„์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The purpose of this study was to analyze the interaction pattern and to identify metacommunicative behaviors between nurses and patients in a pediatric unit. The research method included observation using videotaping. Data were collected from December, 2001 to February, 2002. Total six nurses, and eight patients and their mothers in a pediatric unit participated in this study. The interaction was videotaped under the participants'' consent. The participants were observed for total 8 hours over 2-day period. Taped interaction was transcribed. Transcription included verbal and nonverbal interactions. Bales'' Interaction Process Analysis(1950, 1970) was used as a framework for data analysis. The interaction pattern studied in this research included frequency, length of time, and purpose of interaction, the dynamic of interaction, the changes occuring during the interaction, and metacommunicative behaviors. Metacommunicative behaviors were also identified, and categorized by the Mitchell(1991)''s definition of metacommunication. The results were as follows: The average time spent for each nurse to interact with one patient was 39.75minutes. All interactions took place in the context of nursing activities such as rounding, doing nursing interventions, checking vital sign, and having small talks. Most of the interaction was initiated by nurses. Affective behaviors were more frequent between nurses and children, and neutral behaviors were more frequent between nurses and mothers. Positive responses increased while negative responses decreased as time goes by. There was distinct difference in interaction pattern based on educational level and experience of nurses, the age and number of hospitalization of children. Nineteen metacommunicative behaviors identified and organized into four categories; call for attention, facilitating response, empathy, and tension release. It was shown that increased use of metacommunicative behaviors was related to increased positive interaction. In conclusion, nurses in this study used metacommunicative behaviors frequently and it was effective in developing relationship between nurses and patients. It is suggested that any educational programs to teach communication skills to nurses need to include techniques on metacommunicative behaviors, so nurses can be more sensitive to different characteristics of their patients.ope

    Prepositional passives in the multiple inheritance hierarchy

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜์–ด์˜๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ์˜์–ดํ•™ ์ „๊ณต,2001.Maste

    Development of a self-management training program for adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์€ ์ผ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์ผ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์• ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฑ…์ž„์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด๋“ค์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์˜์กด์„ฑ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ค‘์ธ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์„ฑ์ธํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์ค€๊ฑฐํ‹€์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ˆ๋น„ Protocol ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ์ดŒ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ž˜์™€ ๋ณ‘๋™, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ฅผ๋ฆฌ๋‹‰, ๋‹น๋‡จ์บ ํ”„์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์ค€๊ฑฐํ‹€๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์˜ˆ๋น„ Protocol์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„ ์‹ค๋ฌด ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž 11์›” 7์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 12์›” 12์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์˜์กด์„ฑ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋‹น๋‡จํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”ํ›„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ 6๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 6ํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž„์ƒํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ํ›„ ์ตœ์ข… protocol์„ ํ™•์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์€ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ, ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘, ๊ณ  ยท ์ €ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์‹œ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ, ์šด๋™๊ณ„ํš, ์‹์‚ฌ์š”๋ฒ•, ๋‹น๋‡จ์ธ์˜ ์Œ์ฃผ์™€ ํก์—ฐ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘, ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ, ๋‹น๋‡จ์ธ์˜์ž„์‹ ๊ณผ ์œ ์ „์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” 6์ฃผ๋™์•ˆ 6ํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„์˜ฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹น๋‡จ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋˜๋ž˜์ง‘๋‹จ 5-6๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹จํ† ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฉด๋‹ด๊ณผ ์ „ํ™”์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋งŒํผ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์€ ๊ตฐ์€ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค. ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง€์‹์ „๋‹ฌ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์˜ํ•™์  ์ง€์‹, ์˜์–‘ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋น„์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹น๋‡จ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์šด์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์™ธ๋ž˜์™€ ๋‹น๋‡จํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰ ๋ฐ ์บ ํ”„์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Diabetes is a lifelong condition requiring daily self-management which is not part of an accepted 'normal' lifestyle. This has serious implications for adolescents diabetics who face added responsibility when they try to beindependent from their parents for the first time. Various aspects of the management of diabetes can be problematic to adolescents and many existing management programs are not appropriate for this age group. The purpose of this study was to develop a Self-Management Training Program for Adolescence with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. First, a conceptual framework was developed through a review of the literature including three self-management programs which are currently being used in the USA and one self-regulation training program for adults with Diabetes Mellitus which is being used in Korea. In order to identify the contents of program and to draw up a preliminary protocol, consultation with the experts were done. A clinical validity was tested using 6 adolescents with IDDM between November 7 and December 12, 1998. After this process, the final protocol was developed. The results of this study are summarized as follows : The final self-management training program consists of teaching on self-monitoring of blood glucose, insulin injection, effects of growth and development on management, hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, activity, diet, drinking and smoking, stress, complications, pregnancy and genetics. The program shouts be coordinated by a diabetes nurse educator who can use an activity-based problem-solving educational approach. The program is scheduled for 6 weekly meetings. This self-management training program is applicable to adolescents who were diagnosed with DM both at and before adolescence. It is suggested that this program can be utilized at outpatient clinics and diabetic camps, Also, it is necessary to test effectiveness of this program with a larder group of adolescents.restrictio

    The Study of Norninalized Forms through News Texts -Focused on the Korean Nominalizational Ending {-ki}-

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ช…์‚ฌํ˜• ์–ดํœ˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌํ™” ์–ด๋ฏธ {-๊ธฐ}๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๏ผŒ ๋ช…์‚ฌํ˜• ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌํ™”๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์••์ถ•์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ถ•์•ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‰ด์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๏ผŒ ๋‰ด์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ช…์‚ฌํ™” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌํ™” ์–ด๋ฏธ { ๊ธฐ}๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋‚˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๏ผŒ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌํ˜•๏ผŒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌํ˜• ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋ช…์‚ฌํ˜• ์–ดํœ˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์†์—์„œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๏ผŒ ๋ณด๋„์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ ๏ผŒ ๋„๋•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„๋•์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”๋œ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋‰ด์Šค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌํ˜• ์–ดํœ˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‚ฌํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋  ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ์ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ดํœ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ณด๋„์ž์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒœ๋„๏ผŒ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ์‹ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—ˆ๋‹ค The goal of the present paper is to contribute to the collection of descriptive the types and meanings of nominalized. To undertake this study, the data were collected from the 'Korean Broadcasting System News 9' for the one years. Our study begins with classification nominalized forms that appeared nominalized verbs and the nominalization constructions, according to internal syntactic structure. We then analyzed semantic feature into [positive], [negative], [morality] and [exaggeration] on usage examples. In relation to semantic features we discuss usage of nominalized forms, social and culture context, and meaning based on the moral. We conclude that the meaning based on social and culture context, [positive/ negative] and [morality/ immorality], make understanding the viewpoints of current topics. In conclusion I present the results of my research

    The Degree of Satisfaction with the Service of Hospital School for Children

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    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree and content of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the service of hospital school for children. Method: The study employed survey method, using a questionnaire. The data were col-lected through Nov. 2002 to Jan. 2003 from 35 mothers caring for hospitalized children who attended the hospital school for children in one major medical center located in Seoul. The questionnaire for the study was Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) developed by Atkinson which was modified by the researcher for this study. The data were analyzed for frequency, percent. mean, and standard deviation. Result: The average score of satisfaction with the school was 2.85 where maximum score was 4. The mothers were satisfied with the hospital school because they were able to have some free time from children. They were also satisfied that the hospital school provided children social and play activities to diverse their attention from treatment. Many children complained discomfort less which attending the hospital school. Some of the complaints from the mothers included small space and lack of age appropriate.ope
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