17 research outputs found

    ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๋๋‹จ ๋ชจ์–‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ฆ๊ฐ• ๋ผ๋งŒ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ ์žก์Œ๋น„ ๊ฐœ์„ 

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ(ํ™”ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์ •๋Œ€ํ™.Single fiber optics based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (FO-SERS) has the advantage of simple-alignment when measuring the SERS signals. The sample fiber, which is chemically modified to capture the target on the end-tip of the optical fiber, is measured by connecting with the FO-SERS measurement system. FO-SERS measurement system is all fiber-based, so that it is necessary to consider the Raman signal of the optical fiber itself. This is because the optical fiber has a very strong Raman signal of the fused silica, which composes of the optical fiber and especially this signal increases as the length increases. Therefore, it is important to lower the Raman signal of the optical fiber itself in the FO-SERS measurement system to prevent from the Raman signal of the fiber itself overwhelming the Raman signal of the analytes. In addition, it can be possible to obtain high sensitivity in SERS measurements by lowering the Raman signal of the optical fiber itself, which is considered as the background signal of the SERS spectrum for analytes. In this study, we modified the optical fiber end tip-shape to have an angular or rough surface to lower the Raman signal of the optical fiber itself and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for SERS detection. As the inclined angle of the tip increased, the Raman signal of the optical fiber itself decreased, especially in the case of the rough surface fiber, it decreased by 32 % compared to the case of the conventional flat surface fiber. To verify the feasibility as SERS sensing platform using those fibers, silver nanoshells with a Raman label were loaded in those fibers. We obtained the SERS spectrum from each sample fiber and calculated the SNR value to compare the sensitivity for each tip-shape sample fiber. Through our study, it is expected that FO-SERS detection can be conducted with high sensitivity by using various types of the tip shape optical fibers.๋‹จ์ผ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ฆ๊ฐ• ๋ผ๋งŒ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ (fiber optics based SERS, FO-SERS)๋Š” SERS ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์˜ ์„ธํŒ…์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก, ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๋๋‹จ์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ FO-SERS ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด SERS ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. FO-SERS ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์žฅ๋น„ ์ •๋ ฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ž์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•œ Raman ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ์œต ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ๋น›๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ Raman ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ FO-SERS ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ž์ฒด Raman ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ„์„๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ž์ฒด Raman ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ SERS ์ธก์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ž์ฒด Raman ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ๋„์˜ FO-SERS ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๋๋‹จ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ž์ฒด Raman ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๋๋‹จ์ด ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ง„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ž์ฒด Raman ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ž์ฒด Raman ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ 32 % ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ SERS ์ธก์ •์—์„œ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด Raman ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ‘œ์ง€ํ•œ SERS ํƒ์ง€ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๋๋‹จ์— ํก์ฐฉ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ SERS spectrum์„ ์–ป๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ ์žก์Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋๋‹จ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ SERS ์ธก์ •์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.1. Introduction 1 2. Experimental Section 3 2.1. Chemicals and materials 3 2.2. Fabrication of fiber optics with different tip shapes 4 2.3. Synthesis of silver nanoshell labeled 4-FBT (AgNS4-FBT) and preparation of sample fiber using various tip-shape optical fibers 6 2.4. All-fiber based SERS measurement 7 3. Results and Discussion 8 3.1. Characterization of the optical fibers with tip-shape modification 8 3.2. Characterization of AgNS4-FBT as SERS probe particle 10 3.3. Comparative analysis of SERS sensitivity for sample fibers using various tip-shape fibers 11 4. Conclusion 19 5. References 20 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 24์„

    Empirical analysis of supplier-induced demand using MRI service claims data

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    ๋ณด๊ฑดํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์›๋„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›์˜ 2004-2007๋…„์˜ 4๊ฐœ๋…„๊ฐ„ CT ๋ฐ MRI ๋ณดํ—˜๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ์œ ์ธ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ MRI์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ „ํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ MRI๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ 2005๋…„ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ดํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ „ํ™˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์ด ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํ•ด์„์— ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋น„๋Š” ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ „ํ™˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด์•ก๋„ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ „ํ™˜ ํ›„์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ MRI ์ค‘ ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 2005๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋น„์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด์•ก์˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ 2004๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ปค์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ MRI์˜ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ „ํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2005๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ MRI์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์ง„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ISR(Indirect Standardized Rate) ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด MRI๋Š” CT์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธ‰์ฆ์€ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ž˜, ์™ธ๊ณผ๊ณ„, ์‚ฌ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๋ถ€์œ„ ์ดฌ์˜์—์„œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ํ†ต์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ•๋„ ๊ธ‰์ฆ์€ MRI ์ดฌ์˜๋นˆ๋„ ์ƒ์œ„ 3๊ฐœ ์ƒ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทผ์œก๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์งˆํ™˜, ์ˆœํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์งˆํ™˜, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์งˆํ™˜์˜ 3๊ฐœ ์ƒ๋ณ‘ ์ค‘, ์ˆœํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 2๊ฐœ ์ƒ๋ณ‘์—์„œ MRI์˜ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†Œ๋“์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ์œ ์ธ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ์œ ์ธ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ์œ ์ธ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ์œ ์ธ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜ ์žฌ์ •์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž์˜ ํ†ต์ œ ํ•˜์— ๋‘˜ ๋•Œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ์œ ์ธ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]This study aimed at verifying hypotheses on supplier-induced demand using claims data for CT and MRI for 4 years between 2004 and 2007 in a university hospital located in Gangwon Province. Especially, changes in the volume and intensity of service were analyzed when medical charges were controlled because MRI was allowed for the payment of National Health Insurance system. MRI appeared to increase again after its use had shown a little of decrease in 2005 when MRI was allowed for the payment of NHI. The examination fee decreased from the previous time of such a payment because the medical charge was controlled according to the shift to the insurance payment. Even the individual charges have decreased since the shift to the insurance payment. However, deviations between the total examination fee and individual charge have been much larger than those in 2004 since 2005 because of portions left out for the non-payment item in MRI. In addition, the addition of fee for special diagnosis for MRI was characterized for MRI since 2005, which supplements the decrease of profit from the shift of MRI to the insurance payment. Considering changes of service intensity through the ISR(Indirect Standardized Rate) analysis, MRI showed a sharp increase with great weights in the service intensity comparing to CT and especially, such increase appeared in the non-payment item rather than any payment item. In addition, the service intensity appeared severe in the filming for the outpatient, surgery, legs and arms with joints. Such sharp increase of service intensity for the non-payment items was confirmed through the additional analyses for top three diseases for the frequency of MRI filming. As a result of analysis, larger weights of service intensity were confirmed in the non-payment items of MRI than the payment items in two items such as diseases in the muscle, skeleton and combined tissues, circulatory troubles, and neurological diseases. The results stated above were consistent with the existing hypothesis of supplier-led demand that the medical service provider changes the volume and intensity of service in response to the decrease from the control of payment. This study implied that any unreasonable payment control in the NHI might lead to the supplier-induced demand and specially the supplier-induced demand greatly acts in the non-payment items with no control of insurer. Accordingly, it is necessary to calculate appropriate payment to properly sustain the intensity of medical service. In addition, the increase of volume and intensity in the entire service might be controlled when the examination and evaluation standards are prepared by shifting many non-payment items to the payment of NHI rather than by leaving them out in the non-payment portion for many services because of financial reasons in NHI.ope

    ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋ฆฌ Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae apxIVA์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ apxIA ๋ฐ apxIIA ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ Saccharomyces cerevisiae์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์—ญ์›์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์˜๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2012. 8. ์œ ํ•œ์ƒ.๋ผ์ง€ ํ‰๋ง‰ํ๋ ด์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘๋ˆ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์‹ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ ํ‰๋ง‰์—ผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์›์ธ๊ท ์€ Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 15๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ˜•์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ‰๋ง‰ํ๋ ด์˜ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ ์ธ์ž๋“ค์ค‘ Repeats in Toxins (RTX)์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” Apx toxins, ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ApxIV ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ApxI, ApxII ๋ฐ ApxIII๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ApxIV๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ญํ• ์€ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ˜•์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  in vivo์ƒ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Apx toxins์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์›์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— A. pleuropneumoniae ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ApxI๊ณผ ApxII์˜ ๋…์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Apx toxins์€ A. pleuropneumoniae ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ํ•ญ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ApxIV (Kor-ApxIVA)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ฐ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ˜•์˜ A. pleuropneumoniae ์˜ ApxIV์™€ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ApxIV์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ N-๋ง๋‹จ์˜ hydrophobic domain๊ณผ C-๋ง๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ glycine-rich nonapeptides๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” RTX toxin์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 30๋ฒˆ์˜ glycine-rich nonapeptides (L/V-X-G-G-X-G-N/D-D-X)๊ฐ€ Kor-ApxIVA์˜ C-๋ง๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ApxIVA์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ํŠน์ง•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ApxIA, ApxIIA ๋ฐ ApxIIIA๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ELISA ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์•ผ์™ธ ๋ผ์ง€ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์•ผ์™ธ ๋ผ์ง€์—์„œ Apx toxins์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ELISA ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ Apx ํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์ด ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์— ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ๋กœ ํ˜•์งˆ์ „ํ™˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ A. pleuropneumoniae์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ApxIIA์˜ neutralizing epitope (ApxIIA#5)๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ApxIIA#5 ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ œ์‹œ ํšจ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ A. pleuropneumoniae์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ํ›„๋ณด๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ „์‹ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ ๋ง‰๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ApxIIA#5 ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ œ์‹œ ํšจ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ CD4+ T cell์— ApxIIA-activated DC๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ T cell proliferation์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ApxIIA#5 ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ œ์‹œ ํšจ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณผ spleen, peyers patch ์™€ lamina propria์—์„œ vector ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ฒ˜์น˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋†’์€ ํ•ญ์›ํŠน์ด์  IgG ๋ฐ IgA ํ•ญ์› ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์„ธํ•œ IgG2a subclass ๋ฐ IFN-ฮณ ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ApxIIA#5 ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ œ์‹œ ํšจ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ Th1-type ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์šฐ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ApxIA ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํšจ๋ชจ์™€ ApxIIA#5 ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ œ์‹œ ํšจ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ผ์ง€์— ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ์‹  ํ›„๋ณด๋กœ์„œ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ํ›„ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ApxIA ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํšจ๋ชจ์™€ ApxIIA#5 ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ œ์‹œ ํšจ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•œ ๋ผ์ง€์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ฐ•์•ก์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ํ•ญ์›ํŠน์ด IgG ๋ฐ IgA antibody activities๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์œก์•ˆโ€ข์กฐ์ง๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด A. pleuropneumoniae ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๋ผ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ผ์ง€ ํ‰๋ง‰ํ๋ ด ํ•ญ์› ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ˜•์งˆ์ „ํ™˜ ํšจ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ApxIA ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํšจ๋ชจ ๋ฐ ApxIIA#5 ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ œ์‹œ ํšจ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์ง€ ํ‰๋ง‰ํ๋ ด์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ live ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ณตํ—Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious pulmonary disease in pigs with major economic losses for pig producers worldwide. Fifteen serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae express four different Apx toxins that belong to the pore-forming repeats-in-toxin (RTX) group of toxins, ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII and ApxIV, which are major virulence factors. Although ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII are secreted by different serotypes in various combinations, ApxIV has distinctive features that are produced by all serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae, and are expressed only in vivo. Apx toxins are highly immunogenic, thus inducing a strong antibody response to A. pleuropneumoniae infection. In particular, ApxI and ApxII are necessary for full virulence in the development of clinical signs and typical lung lesions. Therefore, Apx toxins appear to be central in any effective approach as antigens in the development of diagnostic method and vaccine against A. pleuropneumoniae. In the present study, we described the complete sequencing and organization of the ApxIVA isolated in Korea (Kor-ApxIVA) and the homology of apxIVA to other A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes. The structural characteristics of ApxIVA showed RTX proteins, including N-terminal hydrophobic domains, signature sequences for potential acylation sites, and repeated glycine-rich nonapeptides in the C-terminal region of the protein. Thirty glycine-rich nonapeptides with the consensus sequence, L/V-X-G-G-X-G-N/D-D-X, were found in the C-terminus of the Kor-ApxIVA. This genetic analysis of the Kor-ApxIVA might be an important foundation for future biological and functional research on ApxIVA. The current report describes the development of an ELISA based on the recombinant ApxIA, ApxIIA and ApxIIIA antigens and evaluated the application of the developed assays on the prevalence of anti-Apx toxin antibodies among pigs in Korea. Consequently, the developed ELISAs may be useful for A. pleuropneumoniae vaccination strategy as a screening tool for pig herds as well as for detection of specific antibodies to Apx exotoxins. To develop an effective vaccine for A. pleuropneumoniae based on transgenic antigen expression, the neutralizing epitope of ApxIIA (ApxIIA#5) was selected as a vaccine candidate for A. pleuropneumoniae. In the present study, we demonstrated that S. cerevisiae expressing surface-displayed ApxIIA#5 has the immunogenic potential as an oral vaccine, helping to improve both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Presentation of ApxIIA on activated DCs to CD4+ T cells from mice orally administered with S. cerevisiae expressing surface-displayed ApxIIA#5 elicited specific T cell proliferation. In addition, mice orally administered with S. cerevisiae expressing surface-displayed ApxIIA#5 showed higher antigen-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in serum and spleen, Peyers patches, and lamina propria than those with the vector-only S. cerevisiae or non-treated. Furthermore, the vaccinated mice induced Th1-type immune responses based on increased levels of IgG2a in serum and predominant increase of IFN-ฮณ producing cells in spleen, and lamina propria. Ultimately, S. cerevisiae expressing ApxIA and surface-displayed ApxIIA#5 were developed to serve as an oral vaccine candidate in pigs. Pigs immunized orally with S. cerevisiae expressing ApxIA and surface-displayed ApxIIA#5 showed higher specific IgG and IgA antibody activities than that with the vector-only S. cerevisiae and non-treated. Additionally, the induced immune responses are found to protect the pigs infected with A. pleuropneumoniae according to the analysis of clinical signs and the gross and microscopic pulmonary lesions. These results suggested that S. cerevisiae expressing ApxIA and surface-displayed ApxIIA#5 might be a potential oral vaccine to prevent pigs against porcine pleuropneumonia. Thus the present study is expected to contribute to the development of a live oral vaccine against porcine pleuropneumonia as alternatives to current conventional vaccines.Abstract โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข โ…ฐ Contents โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข โ…ด List of figures โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข โ…ท List of tables โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข xi List of abbreviations โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข xii General introduction โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 1 Literature Review โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 4 Porcine pleuropneumonia โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 4 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 4 1. Epidemiology โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 5 2. Apx toxins โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 9 3. Infection and disease โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 12 4. Pathogenesis of A. pleuropneumoniae โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 13 5. Prevention and control โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 18 6. Current vaccine research for A. pleuropneumoniae โ€ข 19 Saccharomyces cerevisiae โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 21 Yeast cell surface-display technology โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 22 Antigen-presenting cells โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 26 T lymphocyte activation โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 28 Th1 and Th2 subsets of CD4+ T cells โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 28 Mucosal immunity โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 32 Oral vaccines โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 33 Chapter I. Predicting genetic traits and epitope analysis of apxIVA in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Abstract โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 35 1.1. Introduction โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 37 1.2. Materials and Methods โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 39 1.3. Results โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 42 1.4. Discussion โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 44 Chapter II. An immunosorbent assay based on the recombinant ApxIA, ApxIIA and ApxIIIA toxins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and its application to field sera Abstract โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 57 2.1. Introduction โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 59 2.2. Materials and Methods โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 61 2.3. Results โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 66 2.4. Discussion โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 68 Chapter III. Systemic and mucosal immune responses of the surface-displayed neutralizing epitope of ApxIIA exotoxin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by oral vaccination in mice Abstractโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 78 3.1. Introduction โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 80 3.2. Materials and Methods โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 82 3.3. Results โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 86 3.4. Discussion โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 89 Chapter IV. Induction of protective immune responses against challenge of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by oral administration with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing Apx toxins in pigs Abstract โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 99 4.1. Introduction โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 101 4.2. Materials and Methods โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 104 4.3. Results โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 108 4.4. Discussion โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 112 General conclusionโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 122 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 124 References โ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ขโ€ข 128Docto

    Development of Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Novice Secondary Science Teachers Through Collaborative Reflection

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์ƒ๋ฌผ์ „๊ณต), 2022.2. ๊น€ํฌ๋ฐฑ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ž„ ์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์„ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…, ์‚ฌ์ „ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌํ›„ ๋ฉด๋‹ด, 9์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ „์‚ฌ๋œ ํ›„ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ „๋žต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์—… ๋‚ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์—„๊ฒฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ฐ์€ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ด๋ก  ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒ๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์š”์ธ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์„ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์„ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๋น„๋‚œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ์—†์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚Œ ์—†์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.This study investigated how collaborative reflection between novice secondary science teachers promoted the development of teaching professionalism. We intentionally selected research participants who shared sufficient rapport. Data were collected through videotaping the classes taught by participants, pre-talk, post-interviews and 9 collaborative reflection processes. All data were transcribed and analyzed. Results indicated that all three teachers showed changes in teaching practice. Minyoungโ€™s practice involved a teacher-led lecture, but through collaborative reflection, she could create a learning environment to enhance studentsโ€™ power and ownership in her class. Emphasizing academic rigor, Soyoung used to teach content outside the scope of the curriculum, but through collaborative reflection, she became more considerate of studentsโ€™ understanding. Finally, in Jiyeonโ€™s classes inquiry activities and theoretical explanations were separated from each other. However, she repeated her efforts to improve her class after collaborative reflection, allowing students to construct explanations through activities. In this study, three factors that promoted the development of teachersโ€™ pedagogical content knowledge through collaborative reflection were identified. First, the different teaching orientations of the three teachers who participated in this study, promoted sharing of opinions through collaborative reflection. Second, reflection based on teaching practice enabled practical feedback on the class, which enhanced the development of teachersโ€™ pedagogical content knowledge. Third, the equal status and formation of rapport between the three teachers created an environment for productive reflection. These results suggest that future teacher education programs should consider communities that can promote collaborative reflection based on teachersโ€™ teaching practice.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  5 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 1. ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ 6 1.1 ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ง€์‹(PCK) 6 1.2 ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง€ํ–ฅ(Science Teaching Orientation) 8 1.3 ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ PCK ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 9 2. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 11 2.1 ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 11 2.2 ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 12 3. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ PCK ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 13 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 14 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 14 2. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ํ™œ๋™ ๊ณผ์ • 15 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 17 3.1 ์‚ฌ์ „ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ 17 3.2 ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ๊ณผ์ • ๊ด€์ฐฐ 17 3.3 ์ˆ˜์—…๊ด€์ฐฐ 18 3.4 ์‚ฌํ›„๋ฉด๋‹ด 18 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 19 4.1 ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ 19 4.2 PCK ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ 20 ์ œ4์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 22 1. ์„ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ PCK ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 22 1.1 ๋ฏผ์˜: ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ฃผ๋„ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ 22 1.2 ์†Œ์˜: ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ง€์‹ ์ „๋‹ฌ์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘” ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ 31 1.3 ์ง€์—ฐ: ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒ๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์˜์—ญ ํ™•์žฅ 39 2. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ๊ณผ PCK ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 50 2.1 ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 50 2.2 ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ๊ณผ์ • 52 2.3 ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 55 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 58 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 61 Abstract 74์„

    The Effects of an Oral Sensory Stimulation Home Program on Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Oral Defensiveness

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    ์ž‘์—…์น˜๋ฃŒํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์žํ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์„ฑ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฐ๊ฐ์ž๊ทน ๊ฐ€์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ์•„๋™์˜ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์–‘์น˜์งˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์žํ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์„ฑ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์€ 3๋ช…์˜ ์•„๋™์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‹คํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(single subject experimental design) ์ค‘ ABA ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(A1)์—์„œ 4ํšŒ, ์ค‘์žฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(B)์—์„œ 8ํšŒ, ์ถ”์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(A2)์—์„œ 3ํšŒ๋กœ ์ด 15ํšŒ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฐ๊ฐ์ž๊ทน ๊ฐ€์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ค‘์žฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์ผ 2ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ COPM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋„์™€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ COPM์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋„, ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฐ๊ฐ์ž๊ทน ๊ฐ€์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์žํ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์„ฑ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ํ—ˆ์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์–‘์น˜์งˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์€ ์ค‘์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ง€ 1๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฐ๊ฐ์ž๊ทน ๊ฐ€์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žํ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์„ฑ ์žฅ์•  ์•„๋™์˜ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹คope

    ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋™์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ,2019. 8. ์‹ ํ•˜์ˆœ.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2013๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์นผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์žฌํ˜„์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์  ํŠน์ง•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ผ์ƒ์  ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์œ ์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์œ ์™€ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์‚ฌ์œ ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด ์ค€๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์žฌํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐฝ์•ˆํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ž‘๊ณ  ์†Œ์†Œํ•œ ๋Œ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ, ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌํ˜„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ชฉ์ , ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ, ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์กฐํ˜•์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ โ… . ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง, โ…ก. ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์‚ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ, โ…ข. ์นผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, โ…ฃ. ์กฐํ˜•์  ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•, โ…ค. ๋งบ์Œ๋ง์˜ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ โ… ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ โ…ก์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์„ ํƒ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™์–‘์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์˜์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์€ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ œ โ…ข์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ž์„  ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ •์‹ ์  ์‚ฌ์œ ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์กฐํ˜• ์›๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ์ˆ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์„ ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ(ๅ€ฃ)์  ์‹œ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์‹ค์žฌ๋กœ์จ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ œ โ…ฃ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐํ˜•์  ํŠน์ง•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ์ˆ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋จน์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ‰์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋ฐฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™๊ณผ ์นผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ค€๋ฒ•์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ โ…ค์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋ก ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•๊ณ ์ฐฝ์‹ ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๊ณ„์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์–‘ํ™”์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์†Œ์žฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๊ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ™•๊ณ ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€์† ๋  ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋ชจ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.This thesis is a study on the works produced by the technique of peeling off the soil using a blade from 2013 to 2018. The purpose of this study is to understand the modern idea of representation and its meaning, and to find the answer to whether a space is reconstructed through new techniques. Then I will describe what the meaning of the spaces are, and the space is expressed on the authority of what theories and methods of expression. Also, I will describe the basis and originality of my technical features. My works aim to share and communicate everyday places with new thoughts and experiences. For this reason, I open viewers an opportunity to experience a space with new intrinsic thoughts through screen of works to regain the subjectivity of the place. The enthusiasm for the methods of representation and expression of an object started from a rock, a root of landscape, inspired the creation of new expression techniques. This is to present my works which express a reproduced space as visual arts by enjoying and speculating on the object, started from a small rock, in a systematic and logical way. This is a thesis that analyzes the motivation and purpose, theoretical basis of the production process, and the formative characteristics and expression technique of my works made on this subject. This paper consists of the five main parts: โ… . Preface, โ…ก. Mening of reconstructed thinking space, โ…ข. Reconstruction of space using blade, โ…ฃ. Formative features and material techniques, โ…ค. Conclusion. Chapter โ…  presents the purpose, object, scope and method of the study. Chapter โ…ก defines the range and boundary of thinking space and considers the meaning of the space. First, it will explore the meaning of the space of stone and landscape and understand the cognitive thinking process of selected spaces. Through this, it examines the spirituality of my work which includes the meaning of thinking space, which has developed into a painting that captures the spirit and view of nature in the East. Chapter โ…ข describes the formative principles of space reconstruction based on the grounds of mental reason discussed in the previous chapter. It will try to understand the reconstruction of space through the use of line and the viewpoint of copy(ๅ€ฃ). Then, it thinks about what the space reconstructed in this way means as an existence. Chapter โ…ฃ describes the formative features that organize the screen. It deals with the visual characteristics through the symbolism of the color of ink stick and the composition of the margins, and studies the use of Tsun-fa(Wrinkling Technique) with soil and knives by my new technique. Chapter โ…ค summarizes the contents discussed in this paper, and converses about the results of this study and the direction of my work. I am looking for a modern way of expressing the traditional materials and techniques of oriental painting in the spirit of review the old and learn the new. Through this study, I intend to establish the theoretical foundation and a basis for future research and development by analyzing various elements applied to my work and developing my argument.โ… . ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง 1 โ…ก. ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์‚ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 4 1. ์‚ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธ์‹ ๊ณผ์ • 4 2. ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์‚ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 9 1) ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 9 2) ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 12 โ…ข. ์นผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 19 1. ์‹ค์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 19 2. ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฐฉ(ๅ€ฃ)์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 34 โ…ฃ. ์กฐํ˜•์  ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 42 1. ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํ™”๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 42 1) ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํ™ํŒ์˜ ์กฐํ˜• 42 2) ํ—ˆ์™€ ์‹ค์˜ ๊ตฌ๋„ 45 2. ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 52 3. ์นผ์˜ ์šด์šฉ 57 1) ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ์˜ ์นผ 57 2) ์ค€๋ฒ•์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ 62 4. ํ™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„ 69 1) ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ์จ์˜ ํ™ 69 2) ํ™์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 72 โ…ค. ๋งบ์Œ๋ง 75 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 78 ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋„ํŒ 81 Abstract 94Maste

    Maternal input and responsiveness in the vocabulary development of children at 13 and 20 months

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    Thesis(master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์ „๊ณต,2006.Maste

    ์• ๊ธฐ์žฅ๋Œ€ atcep65-pif3 ์ด์ค‘ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€,2005.Maste

    Development of Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Novice Secondary Science Teachers Through Collaborative Reflection

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ž„ ์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์„ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…, ์‚ฌ์ „ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌํ›„ ๋ฉด๋‹ด, 9์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ „์‚ฌ๋œ ํ›„ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ „๋žต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์—… ๋‚ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์—„๊ฒฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ฐ์€ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ด๋ก  ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒ๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์š”์ธ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์„ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์„ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๋น„๋‚œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ์—†์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚Œ ์—†์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.This study investigated how collaborative reflection between novice secondary science teachers promoted the development of teaching professionalism. We intentionally selected research participants who shared sufficient rapport. Data were collected through videotaping the classes taught by participants, pre-talk, post-interviews and 9 collaborative reflection processes. All data were transcribed and analyzed. Results indicated that all three teachers showed changes in teaching practice. Minyoungโ€™s practice involved a teacher-led lecture, but through collaborative reflection, she could create a learning environment to enhance studentsโ€™ power and ownership in her class. Emphasizing academic rigor, Soyoung used to teach content outside the scope of the curriculum, but through collaborative reflection, she became more considerate of studentsโ€™ understanding. Finally, in Jiyeonโ€™s classes inquiry activities and theoretical explanations were separated from each other. However, she repeated her efforts to improve her class after collaborative reflection, allowing students to construct explanations through activities. In this study, three factors that promoted the development of teachersโ€™ pedagogical content knowledge through collaborative reflection were identified. First, the different teaching orientations of the three teachers who participated in this study, promoted sharing of opinions through collaborative reflection. Second, reflection based on teaching practice enabled practical feedback on the class, which enhanced the development of teachersโ€™ pedagogical content knowledge. Third, the equal status and formation of rapport between the three teachers created an environment for productive reflection. These results suggest that future teacher education programs should consider communities that can promote collaborative reflection based on teachersโ€™ teaching practice.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  5 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 1. ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ 6 1.1 ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ง€์‹(PCK) 6 1.2 ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง€ํ–ฅ(Science Teaching Orientation) 8 1.3 ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ PCK ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 9 2. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 11 2.1 ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 11 2.2 ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 12 3. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ PCK ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 13 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 14 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 14 2. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ํ™œ๋™ ๊ณผ์ • 15 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 17 3.1 ์‚ฌ์ „ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ 17 3.2 ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ ๊ณผ์ • ๊ด€์ฐฐ 17 3.3 ์ˆ˜์—…๊ด€์ฐฐ 18 3.4 ์‚ฌํ›„๋ฉด๋‹ด 18 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 19 4.1 ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ 19 4.2 PCK ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ 20 ์ œ4์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 22 1. ์„ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ PCK ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 22 1.1 ๋ฏผ์˜: ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ฃผ๋„ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ ํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ 22 1.2 ์†Œ์˜: ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ง€์‹ ์ „๋‹ฌ์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘” ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ 31 1.3 ์ง€์—ฐ: ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒ๊ตฌ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์˜์—ญ ํ™•์žฅ 39 2. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ๊ณผ PCK ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 50 2.1 ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 50 2.2 ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ๊ณผ์ • 52 2.3 ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 55 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 58 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 61 Abstract 74์„

    ์œ ์น˜ ๋ฐ ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋ž˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    This study aimed to investigate and compare cytokine profiles secreted from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to better understand the characteristics of SHED and DPSCs. SHED-conditioned medium (CM) and DPSC-CM were extracted using seven deciduous and permanent teeth each. Cytokine membrane array was performed for each CM to quantify and compare the secretomes of 120 cytokines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed to demonstrate cytokine membrane array analysis. Significant differences were observed in the expression levels of 68 cytokinesโ€“27 and 41 cytokines were 1.3-fold more strongly expressed in SHED-CM and DPSC-CM, respectively. Inflammatory cytokines, proliferative cytokines and cytokines involved in immunomodulation were more strongly expressed in SHED-CM. Cytokines involved in angiogenesis were detected more strongly in DPSC-CM. SHED and DPSCs have distinctive cytokine profiles and characteristics in terms of their stem cell regenerative potential. It might be important to consider their multipotency and paracrine effects and select the suitable stem cell type for the adequate tissue regeneration. These observations suggest that SHED may have better cytokine profiles related to inflammatory, proliferative, osteogenic, and odontogenic potential and might enable better decisions for the choice of mesenchymal stem cells when used for therapeutic purposes. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์œ ์น˜ ๋ฐ ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋ž˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋น„๋œ ์‚ฌ์ด ํ† ์นด์ธ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์œ ์น˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์น˜์•„์—์„œ ํš๋“ํ•œ ์œ ์น˜ ์น˜ ์ˆ˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ์กฐ์ •๋ฐฐ์ง€์™€ ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ์กฐ์ •๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ 120๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด ํ† ์นด์ธ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Cytokine membrane array์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์†Œ๋ฉด์—ญ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•, ์กฐ์ง๋ฉด์—ญํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰๋ฒ•, ์„ธํฌ๋ฉด์—ญํ™”ํ•™ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋ฒ•์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 68๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์น˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ 27๊ฐœ, ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ 41๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1.3๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ, ์ฆ์‹์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ, ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์ด ์œ ์น˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ ์—์„œ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์€ ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์น˜์™€ ์˜๊ตฌ์น˜์˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ถ„ํ™”๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ถ„๋น„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง ์žฌ์ƒ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.open๋ฐ•
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