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    ๊ธฐ์งˆ๊ณผ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ - ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด -

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•„๋™๊ฐ€์กฑํ•™๊ณผ, 2016. 2. ์ด์ˆœํ˜•.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ, ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๊ธฐ์งˆ๊ณผ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ใ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 1ใ€‘์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์งˆ, ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ใ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 2ใ€‘์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฐ€? ใ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 3ใ€‘์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ, ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์งˆ, ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ใ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 4ใ€‘์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ, ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” 1, 2์„ธ ์˜์•„์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ๋ณด์œก๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜์•„ 87๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜์•„์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ๋†๋„(Hair Cortisol Concentration)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์•„์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ธ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์•„์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด SPSS 20.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„, ๋…๋ฆฝํ‘œ๋ณธ t๊ฒ€์ •, ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ t๊ฒ€์ •, Mann-Whitney ๊ฒ€์ •, ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„, ์œ„๊ณ„์  ์ค‘๋‹คํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์งˆ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์งˆ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ์˜๋„์  ํ†ต์ œ๋Š” 1์„ธ ์˜์•„์— ๋น„ํ•ด 2์„ธ ์˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ์•„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚จ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์‚ฌ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์€ ๋‚จ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌ์•„์—์„œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ์ ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์ด์šฉ ์›”๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํ›„ 2๋…„ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์•„๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํŠนํžˆ ๋†’์€ ์˜์•„๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜์•„๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์˜์•„์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ์™ธํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ต์‚ฌ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์˜์•„์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ •์„œ์™€ ์ •์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋Š” ์™ธํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ •์„œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์™€ ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์•„์˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์— ๋ˆ„์ ๋œ ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜์•„๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์งˆ, ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜์•„์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์•„์™€ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜์•„์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ HPA์ถ•์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ ํŠน์ •์  ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜์•„๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋™ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.โ… . ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 6 1. ์˜์•„๊ธฐ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค 6 1) ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 6 2) ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 8 2. ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ธก์ • 10 3. ์˜์•„๊ธฐ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ 14 1) ๊ธฐ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 14 2) ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 17 3) ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 22 4) ๊ธฐ์งˆ, ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ๋ณด์œก๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 25 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 28 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 28 2. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 28 1) ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€ 28 2) ๊ธฐ์งˆ 29 3) ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ 29 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 30 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 30 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ 35 1) ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€ 35 2) ๊ธฐ์งˆ 38 3) ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ 40 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 42 1) ์˜ˆ๋น„์กฐ์‚ฌ 42 2) ๋ณธ์กฐ์‚ฌ 43 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ 45 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ 46 1. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ธฐ์งˆ, ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์ฐจ์ด 46 1) ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ฐจ์ด 46 2) ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ์ฐจ์ด 48 3) ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์ฐจ์ด 50 2. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์–‘์ƒ 52 3. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ, ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์งˆ, ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 55 1) ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์งˆ, ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 55 2) ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์งˆ, ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 59 4. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ, ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 62 1) ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 63 2) ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง‘ ๋ฏธ์ด์šฉ ์˜์•„์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด ๋ˆ„์  ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์• ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 69 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 72 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 83 ๋ถ€๋ก 96 Abstract 112Maste

    ์˜์–ด notโ€ฆbut ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜์–ด์˜๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 8. ์œ ์€์ •.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ notโ€ฆbut ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ†ต์‚ฌ์˜๋ฏธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ•ต์–ด์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด๋ก  (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar)๊ณผ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ท€ํ™˜์˜๋ฏธ๋ก  (Minimal Recursion Semantics)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ notโ€ฆbut ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์–ด not์˜ ์œ„์น˜์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ notโ€ฆbut ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์–ด not์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์™€ ํ†ต์‚ฌ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜์„ฑ์„ ์ฃผ๋œ ํƒ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์–ด not์˜ ์œ„์น˜์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ notโ€ฆbut ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค์ง ๊ท ํ˜•์  ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ (balanced coordination) ๋งŒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ค˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์ €์ž๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์–ด not์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ (too high) ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ์€ (too low) ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋™ (float) ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ค์ง ๋Œ€์กฐ ์ดˆ์  (contrastive focus) ์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์œ ๋™ ์–‘์‹์€ either, neither, both์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์ ‘์† ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ (correlative coordination)์˜ ๋“ฑ์œ„ ํ‘œ์ง€ (coordinate markers)๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์–‘์‹๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์  ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ (unbalanced coordination)์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. Not-์œ ๋™ (not-floating) ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋ณธ ์ €์ž๋Š” ์–ด์ˆœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์‹œ์ˆ˜์ค€ (level of representation) ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด์ˆœ ์˜์—ญ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ• (word order domain approach)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์ „์˜ ์ด๋™ (movement) ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ƒ๋žต (ellipsis) ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ๋Œ€์นญ ์กฐ๊ฑด (Symmetric Condition)์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์œ ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ €์ž๋Š” ์–ด์ˆœ ์˜์—ญ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ corrective but modification construction์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ not์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ ํ˜• ์šฐ์„  ๊ทœ์น™ (Linear Precedence Rule)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด not์˜ ์œ ๋™์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ ์ดˆ์ ์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ†ต์‚ฌ-์˜๋ฏธ์  ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, not...but ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ basic form์—์„œ์˜ not์ด ํ†ต์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ถ€์ • (constituent negation)์˜ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ถ€์ • (sentential negation)์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ†ต์‚ฌ-์˜๋ฏธ์  ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ์น˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ not...but ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•ด์„์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ (clause-level coordination) ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ต์‚ฌ ์˜๋ฏธ์  ์†์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ ˆ ์ดํ•˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ (subclause-level coordination) ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋งž์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  not-์œ ๋™ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ €์ž๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ถ€์ • ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ถ€์ •์˜ ํ†ต์‚ฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ํ†ต์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ์น˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ‰๋ฉด ์˜๋ฏธ๋ก  (flat semantics)์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ๊ท€ํ™˜์˜๋ฏธ๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the syntactic and the semantic characteristics of the not...but construction within a Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) and Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS). This thesis mainly explores a positional variability of the negative element not in the not...but construction and the mismatch between semantic scope of not in the not...but construction and its syntactic structure. In terms of the positional variability of the negative element not, the previous studies on the not...but construction (McCawley 1991Toosarvandani 2010, 2012Vincente 2010) covered only balanced coordination cases. However, I discovered that the negative element not is able to float over a sentence either too high or too low direction and restricted to float only before the contrastive focus. This floating pattern is the same as other coordinate markers in the correlative coordination โ€“ such as either, neither and both โ€“ and results in unbalanced coordination sentences. In order to explain the not-floating phenomena, I will adopt the word order domain approach, which allows the independent level of representation for ordering of words, because the previous movement approach and the ellipsis approach do not provide a successful analysis on both too low and too high cases, keeping the Symmetric Condition, and the restriction on floating. I propose corrective but modification construction based on the word order domain approach, which enables not to float either too high or too low. Moreover, with Linear Precedence Rules, not is restricted to float by the left edge of the contrastive focus. In terms of the syntax-semantics mismatch, it is argued that the negative element not in the not...but construction, specifically in the basic form, takes a sentential negation meaning while it has syntactic properties of constituent negation. To analyze the syntactic and semantic mismatch, either the previous studies assume correspondence between the syntactic structure and the semantic relations and adopt a clause-level coordination approach or the previous studies assume a subclause-level coordination approach, which is based on the other syntactic and semantic properties. However, they do not provide a successful analysis on deriving a proper surface form and the not-floating phenomena. I will analyze both the sentential negation meaning and the syntactic characteristics of the constituent negation by means of Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS), which suggests a flat semantics, by separating the semantic relations from the hierarchical structure.Abstract i Table of Contents iii 1. Introduction 1 2. Phenomena 6 2.1. Two forms of the not...but construction 6 2.2. Not-floating in the basic form 7 2.3. Syntax-semantics mismatch of the construction 11 3. Previous Studies 16 3.1. McCawley (1991) 16 3.2. Vincente (2010) 18 3.3. Toosarvandani (2010, 2012) 22 4. Theoretical Background 31 4.1. Word order domain approach (Reape 1994, 1996) 31 4.2. Minimal Recursion Semantics (Copestake et al. 2005) 33 5. Proposal 38 5.1. Lexical entry of the corrective but 38 5.2. Constructions of the corrective but coordination 43 5.3. The basic form 47 5.3.1. Syntactic structure of the basic form 47 5.3.2. Not-floating phenomena 53 5.3.3. Semantic structure of the basic form 64 5.4. The anchored form 76 5.4.1. Syntactic structure of the anchored form 77 5.4.2. Semantic sturucture of the anchored form 84 5.5. Data overview 90 6. Conclusion 94 References 97 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 100Maste

    A Study on the Effects of Career Decision Level in Early Adolescence and University-Major Satisfaction on Identity Developmental Trajectories

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    ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ž์•„์„ฑ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ง„๋กœํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ์ธ๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž์•„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์„ฑ์ธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์•„์ •์ฒด๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ถค์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ถค์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ ์ง„๋กœ๊ฒฐ์ •์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ž…ํ•™ ํ›„ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ณต ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ž์•„์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ถค์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข…๋‹จ์ž๋ฃŒ์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก๊ณ ์šฉํŒจ๋„(KEEP) ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 3ํ•™๋…„ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ์˜ 1์ฐจ, 4์ฐจ, 7์ฐจ, 10์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ž์•„์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ถค์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ "๊ณ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ƒ์Šน์ง‘๋‹จ", "์ง€์† ํ•˜๋ฝ์ง‘๋‹จ", "ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜์ค€์ƒ์Šน์ง‘๋‹จ", "์ €์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ƒ์Šน์ง‘๋‹จ","์ €์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ง€์†์ง‘๋‹จ"์˜ 5๊ฐœ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์นด์ด์ œ๊ณฑ๊ฒ€์ •๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 3ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๊ฒฐ์ •์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ณต ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹คํ•ญ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 3ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๊ฒฐ์ •์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ „๊ณต ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ž์•„์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ถค์  ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ง„๋กœํƒ์ƒ‰ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์•„์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ง„๋กœํƒ์ƒ‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์˜ ์—ด์‡ ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.This research aimed to identify the trajectories of Korean adolescents' self identity formation and to analyze whether career decision level and university- major satisfaction had influence on determining the latent group which an adolescent belongs to. The results were as follows. Firstly, identity developmental trajectories were divided into five groups; a group staying in a low level, a group ascending from an average level, a group ascending from a low level, a group ascending from a high level, and a group continuously descending from a high level. Secondly, career decision level in middle school and satisfaction for university-major in freshman year varied with identity trajectories. Thirdly, career decision level and major satisfaction had significant effects on determining which trajectory group one belongs to. This study implies that it is necessary to consider adolescents' career exploration in the context of distinctive personal identity, which develops through adolescence and early adulthood
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