A Study on the Illegal Fishing in the Offshore Waters of Korea

Illegal fishing activities have long been widely practiced in the waters of the Korean Peninsula. It is mainly became small-scale subsistence fishery still accounts for a large part of the Korean fishing industry, which has long been favored with the government support and generosity. However, such illegal fishing activities are reaching an untolerable level. It could be evidenced by the recent declining profile fishery resources. In particular, the international bilateral fishery agreements among Korea, China and Japan tend to increase fishery conflicts within a country as well as among the countries. So the government is forced to pay a serious attention to fishery conflicts and illegal fishing. All of these circymstances are suggesting that the government improve and/or redesign the existing illegal-fishing prevention system. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of illegal fishing activities and the prevention system and to draw some meaningful policy implications. The specific contents of this study are to define the clear concept of illegal fishing, to examine the causes and types of illegal fishing practices. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. How to improve the laws and regulations Excessive subdivision of the types of fishery permit may result in the increase of illegal fishermen, so it is required to simplify the fishing types and to reduce the category of illegal fishing. Regulations concerned should be revised so that consistent interpretations of the laws and punishments can be imposed. 2. How to strictly enforce laws If and when illegal fisherman respond to the government's crackdown on the illegal fishing by using organized force and call for their legitimization, strong and strict law enforcement is required. The efficient ways to enforce the law should be invented and enforcementand should be strictly imposed first and foremost against the unregistered ships which are the main culprit violating the fishing order. 3. How to improve the supervising system As illegal fishing is conducted over a wide area, the waters managed by the authorities concerned expand in proportion to it. The existing supervising system is not enough to maintain law and order efficiently. Thus, the existing supervising system composed of patrol vessels should be expanded and the cooperative system with the Maritime Police and other authorities concerned are to be improved. 4. How to reinforce education for fishermen for the law-abiding fishing When fishermen are detected engaging in illegal fishing, it is necessary to put them under compulsory classes on law-abiding fishing and along with the development of education programmes which enable fishermen to voluntarily conduct law-abiding fishing. Administration structures and necessary resources should be arranged so that comprehensive and systematic education can be conducted. 5. Establishment of the fishing vessel monitoring system The fishing vessel monitoring system needs to be established in order to keep track of and supervise fishing areas and fishing periods, to have an easy access to catch reports and statistics, and to track down and control the boats by remote operation for the search and rescue efforts of the wrecked ships.Abstract 제1장 서 론 1 제1절 연구의 배경과 목적 1 1. 연구의 배경 1 2. 연구의 목적 4 제2절 선행연구의 검토 및 연구의 범위와 구성 5 1. 선행연구의 검토 5 2. 연구의 범위와 구성 6 제2장 불법어업의 유형과 영향 8 제1절 불법어업의 정의와 유형 8 1. 불법어업의 정의 8 2. 불법어업의 유형 9 제2절 불법어업의 발생원인과 영향 18 1. 불법어업의 발생원인 18 2. 불법어업의 영향 21 제3장 불법어업 단속조직과 어업감독공무원 23 제1절 현행 불법어업의 단속조직과 한계 24 1. 단속조직의 법적근거와 단속조직 24 2. 단속체계의 한계 31 제2절 어업감독공무원의 역할과 한계 32 1. 어업감독공무원의 권한과 처리절차 32 2. 어업감독공무원의 한계 39 제4장 어업지도·단속체계의 개선방안 42 제1절 불법어업 발생원인의 완화방안 42 1. 어업인 참여형 어업관리제도의 정착 42 2. 어업경영의 지원방안 강구 43 제2절 단속조직의 체계화 45 1. 단속기관들과의 업무협조 원활화 방안 45 2. 어업지도선의 관리·운영상의 개선사항 46 제3절 처리절차의 개선과 어업감독공무원의 권한 강화 48 1. 단속절차의 간소화 방안 48 2. 어업감독공무원의 권한 강화 방안 49 제5장 결 론 51 참 고 문 헌 5

임플란트 주변 일벽성 골결손부에 동시 이식된 biphasic calcium phosphate 와 growth factors 의 골형성

Dept. of Dental Science/박사Evaluation of the effects of biphasic calcium phosphate and growth factors on bone regeneration in one-wall defects around implant: an experimental study in mongrel dogsYoung Woo SON, DDS, MSThe Graduate SchoolYonsei UniversityDepartment of Prosthodontics(Directed by Prof. Hong Seok Moon, DDS, MS, Ph.D)Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate(Osteon II), Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 (BMP-2) and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) when simultaneously placed with SLA surface implant on surgically created one wall critical bone defectMaterials & Methods. In vitro wound-healing assay was used to evaluate the effect of BMP-2, FGF-2 and Osteon II, which were treated to the scrape-wounded cultures. Thecell migration toward the scratched area wasevaluated at 0, 12, 24 and 48 h. For animal study,one-wall critical bone defects(5x5x8 mm) were created in 6 male mongrel dogs. A total of 8 implants were placed for each mongrel dog, having 4 implantsat both sides of mandible. At each side, one control (No graft) and three type grafts (OsteonII, OsteonII+BMP-2, OsteonII+FGF-2) were done within defect area.Total 48 titanium implants were placed. Bone to implant contact (BIC), the inter-thread bone volume, the length of bone loss, and defect area volume (unfilled area, new bone area, remained bone graft area) were investigated using micro-computed tomographic evaluation and histomorphometric analysis at 4 and 8 weeks.Results. In vitro study,Osteon II did not greatly influencethemigration of MC3T3-E1 cells, but BMP inhibited the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells regardless of BMP concentration and FGF facilitatedthe migration of MC3T3-E1 cells regardless of FGF concentration. In animal study,the bone volume value of control (no graft) group in micro CT evaluation was significantly lowerthan other grafted groups (Osteon II, Osteon II+BMP, Osteon II + FGF)at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The new bone formation volume in Osteon II + BMP groups wassignificantly better than that ofotherexperimental groups.Osteon II + BMP graft could enhance the BICin the critical defect site around the implant both at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. However, Osteon II + FGF graft could enhance the BIC only at 4 weeks as compared with Osteon II group.90% of grafts materials had disappeared in the critical defectsat 4 weeks and there was no significant difference in remained bone graft percentage between 4 weeks and 8 weeks groups.Conclusions. Bone graft materials may have a role to play in critical bone defect reconstruction and BMP mayenhance new bone formation.Osteon II acted as a good scaffold for new bone formation during whole healing period and BMP playeda critical role of enhancing BIC around implant during whole oseeointegration period, while FGF had contributed to enhance BIC at initial period, but the effect of FGF graft faded over time. Keywords: biphasic calcium phosphate,bone morphogenic protein-2,fibroblast growth factor-2,woundhealing assay,critical bone defect,BIC, bone graft, new bone formation, dental implantope