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    ๋ถํ•œ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ๋…ธ๊ฒฝ์ˆ˜.์š”์•ฝ(๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก) ๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์— ํ•œ์ฐฝ์ด๋˜ ์ง€๋‚œ 2013๋…„ 11์›” 24์ผ, ์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์—์„œ P5+1๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค(๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ๋…์ผ)๊ณผ ์ด๋ž€์ด ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ต๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ž€์ด ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ๋†์ถ•๊ณผ ์ค‘์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋™๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  IAEA(๊ตญ์ œ์›์ž๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ)์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ž€์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด์ œ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ฒฐ์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„, ์ฆ‰ ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ ๋ƒ‰์ „์˜ ํŒŒ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋‹จ๋œ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ชฝ, ์กฐ์„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์ธ๋ฏผ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์—๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ํ•ต๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถํ•œ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ฃผ์š”๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 20์—ฌ๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š”๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋™ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜„ ๋ถํ•œ ํ•ต๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋ผ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ, ๊น€์ •์ผ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•œ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…์€ Waltz์˜ ์‹ ํ˜„์‹ค์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ตญ ์•ˆ๋ณด ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„๋ก 1960~70๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฐํƒ•ํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์ฒด์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฏธ๋™๋งน์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€ ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋™๋งน๊ด€๊ณ„๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™๋งน์ด ๊ตญ์ œ์ฒด์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์กด์Šจํ–‰์ •๋ถ€, ๋‹‰์Šจํ–‰์ •๋ถ€, ํฌ๋“œํ–‰์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐํƒ•ํŠธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜์™€ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์นดํ„ฐํ–‰์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ์นดํ„ฐ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ๋™๋งน๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋™๋งน๊ตญ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์‹ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์˜์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ '์ž๊ตญ ์•ˆ๋ณด ์ถ”๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™ ์ž์ฃผ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ํ•ต์šฐ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ฌผ, ์ฆ‰ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๋ณด์œ ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋™๋งน๊ด€๊ณ„๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ จ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์‹œ์†Œ์™ธ๊ต๋ฅผ ํŽผ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™๋งน๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋ถ€ ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜๋ฐ”, ๋™๋งน๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ 1980~90๋…„๋Œ€ ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, 1980~90๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋‚œ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ ์œ ์ง€, ์ •๊ถŒ์ด์–‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ •์น˜๊ฒฝ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ ํ•˜์—์„œ, ์ฒด์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜๊ถŒ์ด ํ•ด์ฒด๋˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ จ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ต๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋ถํ•œ ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ, ๊น€์ •์ผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ด๋…๊ณผ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์•ˆ๋ณดํ™•๋ณด ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š”๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ • ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฐ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๊ตฐ๋ถ€๋ถ„ํ• ํ†ต์ œ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตฐ๋ถ€ ์ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜๊ฒฌ๋„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋™ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ตฐ๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ–‰์œ„์ž ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ฃผ์š”ํ–‰์œ„์ž์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ฐ˜์‘(feedback)์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์—, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊น€์ผ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ์ผ์ฒด์ œ ๋‹น์‹œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๊น€์ •์ผ๋กœ์˜ ์ •๊ถŒ ์ด์–‘๊ณผ ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋‚œ ๊ทน๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํ†ต์ œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ตฐ๋ถ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์ด ๋Œ€๋‚ด์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๊ตฐ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊น€์ •์ผ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฃผ์„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์œ„์›์žฅ์˜ ์งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฆ๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์— ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์ ์ธ ์•ˆ๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–‘๊ตญ์€ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์ƒ ์ฃผ์š”ํ–‰์œ„์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ถํ•œ ํ•ต๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํƒˆ๋ƒ‰์ „ ํ•˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ƒ์กด์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋ถํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ง€๋„์ž ๋ฐ ๊ตฐ๋ถ€์™€ ํ˜‘์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌํƒ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ถํ•œ์„ ์ •์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€, ๋ถํ•œ์„ ์ •์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ๋ถ„๋‹จ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์˜์›ํžˆ ๊ณ ์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ถํ•ต๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ „์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋™ ์ •์ฑ…๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘”๋‹ค.Abstract Comparative Study on the Decision Factors in North Korea's Nuclear Policy in the 1990s and the Factors in South Korea's Nuclear Policy in the 1970s Suh, Minjeong Public Policy Major Graduate School of Public Administration Seoul National University In a long way to resolve the North Korean nuclear crisis, overwhelming volumes of research have been conducted in regards to Pyongyangs continuous nuclear driveyet, the academia has largely overlooked South Koreas own nuclear policy during the 1970s. North and South Koreas launched their nuclear programs in a time-gap of approximately 20 years, respectively. What led to both governments on the Korean Peninsula to initiate their nuclear policies? What factors have made not only North Korea, a repressive authoritarian regime, but also the democratic South to pursue nuclear armament? It should be noted that while South Korea has eventually given up its nuclear policy, the North continues to hold fast to the position that its nuclear program is non-negotiable. Indeed, Pyongyang continues to pursue nuclear weapons regardless of tremendous pressure and crippling economic sanctions from the international community. If this difference can be sufficiently explained, I may argue that such explanation could provide an insightful hint in resolving North Korea's nuclear problem. To analyze the similarities and differences between the two Koreas' nuclear policies, this study aims to find out what was the most crucial factor in Seoul and Pyongyangs decision-making for their nuclear programs. In conclusion, as Kenneth Waltzs Neo-realism theory suggests, both Koreas sought to ensure their national security against potential threats by acquiring nuclear weapons. Clearly, dissimilarities exist between the factors that led Seoul and Pyongyang to initiate the policy of nuclear armament. For example, in the era of "dรฉtente" between the Free World and the Communist bloc in the 1960s and 70s, South Korea perceived that perception gap between U.S. and South Korea on external threat was another threat for the South. Further, the bigger threat lies in the so-called "alliance factor" on the R.O.K.-U.S. Bilateral Alliance. If the bilateral ties between the two countries had been solid, the alliance would have been sufficient to defend Seoul not only from the shifting international environment under dรฉtente, but also from the constant military threats from North Korea. However, South Korea and the U.S. underwent a crisis in their alliance during the 1970s, first due to the Nixon Doctrine, and finally due to personal disagreements between South Korean President Park Chung-hee and his American counterpart President Jimmy Carter on their individual values. On the other hand, the biggest threat to the North Korean regime in the 1990s was the newfound international system of Post-Cold War framework per se. All other communist countries disappeared on the earth only except for the North. The whole new world was ever first chapter for North Korea in its history. Further, North Korea did not fully rely on its alliance with the Peoples Republic of China(PRC) or with the Soviet Union in a way to fully ensure its national security. North Koreas lack of external security guarantee was a big difference from the situation of South Korea. Facing the demise of the entire communist bloc, North Korea did not have the diplomatic leverage to counterbalance the threat from the shifting international system, and as a result, Pyongyang had no choice but to initiate its nuclear policy to ensure its own national security. This study also analyzes the roles of main actors behind the decision-making of Seoul and Pyongyangs nuclear drive. In the case of South Korea, President Park held absolute power and authority over both policy-making and policy-implementation, while the South Korean military was restricted in action due to the Presidents "divide-and-control policy" over the men-in-uniform. Also, the United States took a significant role in South Korea's nuclear policy by exerting influence and pressure on the Park administration. In North Korea, the ultimate authority lies in the hands of the head-of-state, but throughout the era of Kim Jong-Il, the Korean Peoples Army(KPA) enlarged its role to the sphere of policy making under the banner of "Military-First Politics." Unlike the case of South Korea, the North did not experience significant influence or pressure from external actors, which could have reined in the regimes aggressive drive for nuclear armament. After all, this study suggests that, in order to resolve the North Korean nuclear crisis, Pyongyang needs to be secured against the threats that it perceives from the international community. Yet, the suggestion above raises additional policy issue that North Korea should be recognized as a normal state. Thus, it should be emphasized that the position on these questions remains as a critical premise of resolving North Korea's nuclear issue.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œI์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ œ3์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ • 1. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ • 2. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ • ์ œII์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 1. ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ • 2. ๋ฐ•์ •ํฌ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ… ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ชฉํ‘œ 3. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ… ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋ก  1. ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ถ„์„์ด๋ก  2. ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ 3. ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ 4. ๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ ์ œIII์žฅ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ • ๋น„๊ต : ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ 1. ๊ตญ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ 1) ๊ตญ์ œ์ฒด์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 2) ๋™๋งน๊ด€๊ณ„๋ณ€์ˆ˜(ํ•œ๋ฏธ๋™๋งน) 3) ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ์–‘์ž๊ด€๊ณ„๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ •์น˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ 1. ๊ตญ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ 1) ๊ตญ์ œ์ฒด์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 2) ๋™๋งน๊ด€๊ณ„๋ณ€์ˆ˜(๋ถ์ค‘, ๋ถ์†Œ๋™๋งน) 3) ๋‚จ๋ถํ•œ ์–‘์ž๊ด€๊ณ„๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ •์น˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ ์ œIV์žฅ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ถ”์ง„๊ณผ์ • ๋น„๊ต : ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ • ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ฃผ์š” ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ๊ทธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 1. ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น 2. ๊ตฐ๋ถ€ 3. ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€(๊ด€๋ฃŒ) 4. ์‹œ๋ฏผ 5. ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ–‰์œ„์ž(๋ฏธ๊ตญ) ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ํ•ต๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ฃผ์š” ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ๊ทธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 1. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฃผ์„, ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์œ„์›์žฅ 2. ์ธ๋ฏผ๋ฌด๋ ฅ๋ถ€ 3. ๋…ธ๋™๋‹น ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๊ฐ(์™ธ๋ฌด์„ฑ) 4. ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ–‰์œ„์ž ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ ์ œV์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์ฃผ์š”์—ฐํ‘œ Abstract ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ [ํ‘œ2-1] ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ž ์žฌ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์™ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„์ด๋ก  [ํ‘œ2-2] ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€Maste

    Comparison of Job Performance, Job Satisfaction and Job Stress of Child Health Nurse Practitioners by Roles in the Work Place

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    PURPOSE: Child Health nurse practitioners (CHNPs) in Korea have important roles in disease management and health promotion for children and adolescents. Yet, practices of CHNPs licensed and employed in hospitals have not been adequately identified. Thus, in this study the scope of practice by CHNPs and job satisfaction and stress were investigated and compared according to the CHNPs' position in the working place. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. All 53 licensed CHNPs participated in the mail survey which included a 71-item questionnaire on job performance and job satisfaction and a job contents questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi2 test, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare CHNPs employed as nurse practitioner (NP) and CHNPs employed as staff nurses. RESULTS: Compared to CHNPs employed as staff nurses, CHNPs employed as NPs more frequently provided education, environment management, coordination and research in their practice areas. No significant difference was found in job satisfaction between the two groups except for the administration and income subdomains. Only the physical exertion subdomain in job stress was stressful to CHNP employed as staff nurse. Conclusions: Job performance of CHNPs in Korea needs to be revised to include more practical practice in education, coordination, and research related areas. CONCLUSIONS: Job performance of CHNPs in Korea needs to be revised to include more practical practice in education, coordination, and research related areas.ope

    Experience of Treatment Adherence in Korean Patients with HIV

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experience of Highly active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence in Korean patients with HIV. Methods: A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. Data were collected from March to December, 2013 using open-ended questions during in-depth interviews. Participants were taking HAART for HIV, and were contacted through purposive techniques. Results: Four men and 4 women whose average treatment period was 5.9 years participated in this study. Seven themes emerged from the analysis using Colazzi's method: (a) Seizing life in a deep sense of despair, (b) Struggling with medication, (c) Facing harsh treatment from health care providers, (d) Spoiling healthy pattern, (e) Hungering for communication and emotional support, (f) Turning to accepting HIV, (g) Becoming adherent to HIV treatment. Conclusion: Prejudice from health care providers and lack of emotional support were barriers to HAART in Korea. Intervention strategies are needed to decrease prejudices from health care providers and to increase family support.ope

    A Study on Requirement of Suicide for Occupational Accident: Focusing on State of Mental Disorder

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฐ์žฌ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฒ•์ด ์ž์‚ด์˜ ์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ์žฌํ•ด ์ธ์ •์š”๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์‹œํ•œ โ€˜์ •์‹ ์  ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœโ€™๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ž์‚ด์˜ ์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ โ€˜์ •์‹ ์  ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์š”๊ฑด์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 1993๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹ฌ์‹ ์ƒ์‹ค ๋‚ด์ง€ ์ •์‹ ์ฐฉ๋ž€ ์ƒํƒœ๋งŒ ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์  ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ •์‹ ์  ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํŒ๋‹จ๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ์ž์‚ด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ž์‚ด์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ์ƒ๋‹น์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •์‹ ์  ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์ „์ฒด 75% ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ •์‹ ์  ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋‚˜ ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—, ๋…์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋„ ์—…๋ฌด ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ž์‚ด์˜ ์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ์žฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •๋˜๊ณ , ์ •์‹ ์  ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ „์ œ์š”๊ฑด์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ •์‹ ์  ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ์žฌํ•ด ์ธ์ •์š”๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋‘์–ด ์‚ฌํ›„์— ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์žฌํ•ด์ž์˜ ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ์ž์‚ด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ƒ๋‹น์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •์‹ ์  ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ž์‚ด์˜ ์—…๋ฌด์ƒ ์žฌํ•ด์˜ ์ธ์ •์š”๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์‹œํ•œ ์‚ฐ์žฌ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น ์ œ36์กฐ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. This research was done to examine the meaning of 'state of mental disorder' stipulated as requirement for occupational accident in dealing with suicide in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act in Korea, and assess the necessity of the requirement called 'state of mental disorder' in deciding whether a certain suicide comes under occupational accident or not. The trend of judgement by Korean courts has changed four times since 1993 regarded as the first one regarding. First, the suicide caused only by insanity or mental derangement was accepted as satisfying the requirement. Second, the case where symptoms of mental disease was accepted. Third, even if the person who committed suicide did not have mental disease, if it is difficult to expect rational judgement from the situation where the person committed suicide, the case was accepted as satisfying the requirement. Forth, recently, if there is reason to believe that the suicide happened under severe work stress of the person, courts recognize the relationship between work and suicide, even if it is difficult to view that the suicide was caused by loss of judgement. Researchers have also agreed that if suicide is considerably related with suicide, the suicide should be admitted as occupational accident. In the survey to related specialists conducted by this research as well, 75% of respondents view that suicide without mental disorder can be admitted as satisfying the requirement of occupational accident. In European countries like France, Belgium, and Germany, if a suicide case is related with work, it is recognized as occupational accident, and state of mental disorder is not precondition of it. Based on such findings, we can agree that occupational accident should be decided on the criteria of whether there is considerable causal relationship between the person's work and his or her suicide, rather than trying to establishing state of mental disorder as requirement for occupational accident, and trying to test whether a suicide case satuisfies the requirement afterwards. Therefore, Article 36 of the Enforcement Decree of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act in Korea should be revised.open์„

    ์˜-ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™๋ฌธ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์–ธ์–ดํ•™๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ „๊ณต,1999.Maste

    Burnout and coping type of oncology nurse.

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ์ง„์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์ง„์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ƒํ™ฉ, ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ 3๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ถ€์† ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ 2000๋…„ 10์›” 10์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10์›” 19์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•”ํ™˜์ž, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์•”ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘๋™์— ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” 9๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ณผ, ์™ธ๊ณผ, ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค, ์‚ฐ๋ถ€์ธ๊ณผ, ์•”์„ผํ„ฐ(ํ˜ธ์Šคํ”ผ์Šค ๋ณ‘๋™)๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ 130๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 5๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  106๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œ์ง„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Pines(1981)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์†Œ์ง„ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ํ”ฝ์€ํฌ(1983)๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ •, ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜• ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” Lazarus์™€ Folkman(1983)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•œ์ •์„, ์˜ค๊ฐ€์‹ค(1990)์ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ •, ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS/PC๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์‚ฐํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œ์ง„๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์†Œ์ง„(2.89)๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ด€์ (2.94)์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์ง„ํ•ฉ์€ ํ‰๊ท  2.72์ , ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜•ํ•ฉ์€ ํ‰๊ท  2.76์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์กฐ์˜์ˆœ(1999)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ์ง„ํ•ฉ 2.34, ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜•ํ•ฉ 2.63๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2. ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ์ง„์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹ ์•™์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฒˆ์ด ๊ณ ์ •๋ฒˆ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ง์„ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋ณ‘๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ง์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•œ ์ด๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์†Œ์ง„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 3. ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜• ์ค‘ ์ข…๊ต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ •๋„์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ(F=3.26, p<.05), ์ถ”ํ›„ ๊ฒ€์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํƒ€์ข…๊ต ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 4. ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜• ์ค‘ ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์€ ์ •์„œ์  ์†Œ์ง„ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(r=-.303, p<.01). ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ด€์  ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ์†Œ์ง„(r=-.300, p<.01), ์ •์‹ ์  ์†Œ์ง„(r=-.264, p<.01)์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ์†Œ์ง„(r=-.264, p<.01), ์ •์‹ ์  ์†Œ์ง„(r=-.219, p<.05)์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 5. ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œ์ง„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ ์•™์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด 8.8%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜์œ ํ˜• ์ค‘ ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ด€์ ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์€ ์ด 17.6%์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์†Œ์ง„์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™์ , ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ™œ๋™์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€์ง€์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ต์œก์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The purpose of this study was to identify burnout according to coping type in oncology nurses. This study was designed on the basis of cross-sectional and descriptive approaches. One hundred thirty nurses participated in this study from October 10-19, 2000. These participants were from three University Teaching Hospitals in Seoul, Korea with at least 9 months experience on oncology units. 114 data was collected but only 106 data was analyzed. The research instruments were a questionnaire to gather demographic data, a Burnout scale developed by Pines (1981) and translated by Pick, Eun Hee(1983), and a Coping type scale developed by Folkman & Lazarus (1983) and revised by Han, Chung Seock and Oh, Ga Sil(1990). Data was analyzed using the SPSS program. The obstetrics nurses' average burnout degree was 2.72 out of 5 and total coping degree was 2.76 out of 4, this is higher compared with the result of Cho, Young Sook (1999). Physical burnout (2.89) and a positive-view coping type(2.94)is the highest subcategory in each. According to demographics, religion, working a fixed time, a high satisfaction in the ward, old age, and experience contribute to a lower burnout rate. Catholics have a higher coping score than other religions, this suggests that they use many kinds of coping type. Emotional burnout (r=-.303, p<.01)is higher in nurses who have more compassion. A searching-for-social support coping type and positive-view coping type are related to emotional burnout (r=.300, p<.01; r=.264, p<.01 respectively) and mental burnout(r=.264, p<.01; r=.219, p<.05 respectively). In conclusion, oncology nurses mainly undergo physical burnout, yet religion is a significant factor in the type of burnout and coping. It is inferred that philosophical and ethical principle is influence on decision making in nursing conflict situations on caring for cancer patients. More appropriate education is needed for cancer nurses, if they are non-religious, and have little strength in analyzing conflict situations causing burnout.ope

    ์ƒ์• ๋ง๊ธฐ ์•”ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ƒ์• ๋ง๊ธฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ™”๋‘๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋œ ์ฑ„ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ , ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์›์ธ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์• ๋ง๊ธฐ ์•”ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ™˜์ž, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์• ๋ง๊ธฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™˜์ž, ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์˜์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ญ๋™๊ณผ ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(ethnography)์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ฉด๋‹ด, ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ƒ์ง•์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ด๋ก ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 2014๋…„ 1์›”~8์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ Y๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์› ์•”์„ผํ„ฐ ์™ธ๋ž˜์ง„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋ณ‘๋™ํšŒ์ง„์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ํ™˜์ž 11๋ช…, ๊ฐ€์กฑ 13๋ช…, ์˜์‚ฌ6๋ช…, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 7๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด 37๋ช…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๋ช… ํ›„ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋™์˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ƒ์• ๋ง๊ธฐ ์•”ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ƒ์• ๋ง๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•์ธ, ์ฆ์ƒ์•…ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž…์›, ๊ตฌ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์ „์˜๋ฃŒ์ง€์‹œ์„œ, ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์ž„์ข…, ์„œ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ „์˜๋ฃŒ์ง€์‹œ์„œ, ์ž„์ข… ๋“ฑ 6๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๊ตฌ๋‘ ํ˜น์€ ์„œ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ „์˜๋ฃŒ์ง€์‹œ์„œ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ- ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์ด ์œ„์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.ํ™˜์ž-๊ฐ€์กฑ-์˜์‚ฌ-๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ ์ธ์‹์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฐ์šธํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ™˜์ž-๊ฐ€์กฑ-์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ƒํ˜ธ ์•”๋ฌต์  ์œ„์žฅ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํฌ๋ง์ ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋„ ์ƒ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งก๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ํ™˜์ž-๊ฐ€์กฑ-์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃฝ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ ์•”๋ฌต์  ์œ„์žฅ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.์ƒ์• ๋ง๊ธฐ ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์‹ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด ์†์— ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ, ์นจ๋ฌต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด ์†์— ๊ณต์กด์€ ํ™˜์ž-๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด, ๊ธ‰์† ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ดํ›„ ๋™์–‘ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘ ์ƒ๋ช…์œค๋ฆฌ๊ด€์˜ ๊ณต์กด, ์„œ์–‘์˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋ณด์™„๋Œ€์ฒด์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ณต์กด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์• ๋ง๊ธฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์นจ๋ฌต์€ ์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์™ธ์— ๋ฌธํ™”์ , ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ , ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์นจ๋ฌต ์†์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์•ž๋‘” ์ƒ์• ๋ง๊ธฐ ์•”ํ™˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ ค ์—ญ์‹œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์• ๋ง๊ธฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์†์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ฃฝ์Œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณต์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.ope

    Pediatric nurse practitioners' clinical competencies and knowing patterns in nursing: Focus group interviews

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    BACKGROUND: The generic competency domains of advanced nursing practice have been reported on in numerous countries, but rather few studies have examined competencies specific to pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs). OBJECTIVES: We identified the core clinical competencies of PNPs in South Korea and related these identified competencies to the five patterns of knowing in nursing. DESIGN: Focus group interviews were conducted with five PNP students and four PNPs using two thematic questions, one on clinical competencies required for PNPs and the other on competencies specific to Korean PNPs. A purposive sampling method was used to choose nurses with varying work experience and age from different hospital units. The inclusion criterion for PNP students was having at least two years of clinical experience and that for PNPs was having at least two years of clinical experience as a PNP in pediatric units in tertiary hospitals. The verbatim transcriptions of these interviews were analysed by two researchers using inductive content analysis. RESULTS: Six clinical competency domains were identified including advanced pediatric-specific knowledge and clinical skills, education and counseling, utilization and engagement in research, professional identity development, clinical and professional leadership, and holistic care. Some competencies identified were related to empirical and ethical knowledge that could be taught in nursing, whereas others were based on esthetic and personal knowledge, which can be mastered through professional experience. CONCLUSIONS: To provide holistic care for children and families, PNPs must acquire all necessary patterns of knowing through continuing education and individual reflection on personal practice.restrictio

    ์ œ4ํšŒ ์ถฉ๋‚จ ๋งˆ์„๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋งˆ๋‹น(CNI์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜2017-042) (์ž„์˜์ˆ˜, ์„œ๋ฏผ์ •)

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    1๋ถ€ ์ฒœ์•ˆ์‹œ ๋งˆ์„๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋™ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ย - ์ฒœ์•ˆ์‹œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ : ์ž„์˜์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๊ตญ์žฅ(์ฒœ์•ˆ์‹œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ) ย - ๋งˆ์„์ž์›์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ง„๋Œ€ํšŒ '๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹ค' ์‚ฌ๋ก€ : ๋Œ€ํ‰2๋ฆฌ : ๋‹จ๊ตญ๋Œ€ ๋„ˆ๋‚˜๋“ค์ดํŒ€ 2๋ถ€ ๋„์‹œํ˜• ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๋†์ดŒํ˜• ๋งˆ์„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ย -ย  ๋„์‹œํ˜• ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์™€ ๋†์ดŒ๋งˆ์„, ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ž์น˜์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ : ์„œ๋ฏผ์ • ์„ผํ„ฐ์žฅ(์ง€์—ญ์žฌ๋‹จ ์ง€์—ญ์ˆœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ผํ„ฐ) 3๋ถ€ ์Ÿ์ ํ† ๋ก  : ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๋†์ดŒ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ/๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋„๋†ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ด€ํ˜‘์น˜์˜ ์กฐ์ง ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์Ÿ์  ์ถ”์ถœ (1) ๋„์‹œํ˜• ๋งˆ์„๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋†์ดŒ ๋งˆ์„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค (2) ๋„์‹œ๋†์—… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋Š” ๋†์ดŒ์˜ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค (3) ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ๋†ํ™œํŒ€์ด ๋งˆ์„์„ ์ฐพ์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•„์š” ์—†๋‹ค (4) ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ (ICT) ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์€ ๋†์ดŒ ๋งˆ์„์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค (5) ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ž์น˜์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค (6) ํ–‰์ • ๋ถ€์„œ์— ์ด๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒดํŒ€์„ ์‹ ์„คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค์ฃผ์ œ : ๋„์‹œํ˜• ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๋†์ดŒํ˜• ๋งˆ์„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 1๋ถ€ ์ฒœ์•ˆ์‹œ ๋งˆ์„๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋™ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 2๋ถ€ ๋„์‹œํ˜• ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๋†์ดŒํ˜• ๋งˆ์„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 3๋ถ€ ์Ÿ์ ํ† 
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