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    ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์ž๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2012. 8. ๊ธˆํ˜„์„ญ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๊ธˆ ์œต์ž์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ฃผ์š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ… ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์ ‘๊ทผ, ๋น„ํŒ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ด๋ก โ€ง์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์œต์†Œ์™ธ ํ•ด์†Œ์ •์ฑ… 2 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ œ๋„๊ถŒ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•œ ์ €์†Œ๋“ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์•ก์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋Œ€์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ , ์‚ฌํ›„๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด์ž์œจ, ๋ฌด๋‹ด๋ณด, ๋ฌด๋ณด์ฆ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ๋ ค๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธธ๋ฒ„ํŠธ์™€ ํ…Œ๋Ÿด์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ… ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ• ๋‹น(allocation), ํŽธ์ต(benefits), ์ „๋‹ฌ(delivery), ์žฌ์ •(finance) 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ, ํŽธ์ต๋‚ด์šฉ, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์žฌ์› ๋ฐ ์ง€์›์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„, ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •์˜, ์ทจ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ํ•ฉ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ, ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋„“๊ณ  ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ €๋ฆฌ, ๋ฌด๋‹ด๋ณด์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋ฏผ๊ด€ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์žฌ์›์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณด๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ทจ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ ์†Œ๊ด€ ํœด๋ฉด์˜ˆ๊ธˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ธˆ์œต ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋ถ„์„, ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ๋งํ‚ค์›€๋ฑ…ํฌ ์‚ฌ์—…, ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์ƒ์—…์ž๊ธˆ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—…, ์žํ™œ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๊ธˆ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—… ๋“ฑ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์ด๋‚˜, ํฌ๋งํ‚ค์›€๋ฑ…ํฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์ƒ์—…์ž๊ธˆ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๋ฉฐ, ์žํ™œ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๊ธˆ ์œต์ž์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ธˆ์œต ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€์˜ ํฌ๋งํ‚ค์›€๋ฑ…ํฌ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ทจ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์žฌ์›์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํšŒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํฌ๋งํ‚ค์›€๋ฑ…ํฌ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์˜ ์ž๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ… ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์ง™๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ, ์ €๋ฆฌ, ๋ฌด๋‹ด๋ณด ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ˜œ์  ๋ฐฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์†์ ์ด๊ณ , ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ถ”์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ ์ž๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์š” ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์ฃผ๋„ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋Š” ํŽธ์ต๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ƒํ™˜์œจ์€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ์—ฐ์ฒด์œจ์€ ๋†’์€ ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋„๋•์  ํ•ด์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ถœ์žฌ์›, ์šด์˜๋น„ ์žฌ์› ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€์žฌ์›์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ํšจ์‹œ์ด์ž ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏผ๋ฑ…ํฌ, 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ „ํ›„ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ADEI, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ACCION USA๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์™ธ ์ฃผ์š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋กœ ๋“ค๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ œ๋„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ตญ์™ธ ์ œ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์žฌ์› ๋ฐ ์ง€์›์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ํŽธ์ต์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ทจ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ž์ฒด ์žฌ์›์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ํ™œ๋™์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์œต์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉํ˜• ์‚ฌํ›„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏผ๋ฑ…ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ์žฌ์› ๋ฐ ์ง€์›์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํƒ€๊ฒŸ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏผ๊ด€ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ADEI, ACCION USA๋Š” ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ ์ค‘ ์ง€์›๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ํƒ€ ์ œ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋ถ„์„, ๋น„๊ต๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ๊ณผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง€์›, ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด์ž์œจ ํ˜„์‹คํ™” ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ฑ„๊ถŒํ™•๋ณด ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ‘ํ–‰, ์…‹์งธ, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ปจํŠธ๋กคํƒ€์›Œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”, ๋„ท์งธ, ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์žฌ์›ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ž์›์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.A Comparative Study on Microcredit Policies of Korea and Other Nations for the Low-Income Population This study analyzed and compared various microcredit policies that support small business financing loans for individuals and families in the low-income bracket in Korea and other countries utilizing the framework for social welfare policy analysis. The main purpose of this study was to take an objective approach in analyzing Koreas microcredit policy, applying a critical eye, in turn, contributing to defining the future directionality of a Korean microcredit model. Before comparing microcredit policies among Korea and other countries, the study categorized the theoretic and political backgrounds of these policies in two ways, respectively, welfare through work and prevention of financial exclusion. Furthermore, the study reviews previous researches on microcredit policies to establish a comprehensive understanding of the policies. Microcredit policies are generally defined as programs to promote self-reliance in low-income vulnerable population who do not have access to established financial institutions by providing them with small loans and follow-up management programs. Common characteristics found in microcredit policies such as, low interest rates and lack of collateral and guarantor should be recognized as additional considerations for vulnerable populations rather than essential aspects that constitute the policies. The analysis framework chosen for this study was the dimensions of social welfare policy outlined by Gilbert and Terrell. The framework consists of four sections: allocation, benefits, delivery, finance, and each aspect was applied to analyze and compare the microcredit policies of Korea and abroad, focusing on areas such as beneficiaries, benefits, delivering organizations, provisions and financing mechanisms. Each policy was assessed based on its appropriacy to the definition and aimed purpose of the microcredit policy. Therefore, policies that best coincide with the aim of microcredit offer, high flexibility in scope of utilization and beneficiaries, low interest rates for a long term, near-zero collateral, strong private-government cooperation network and sound and sustainable financing for loans and operation costs. To identify key characteristics of Koreas microcredit policies, the study first analyzed and compared major welfare programs employed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Miso Finance. The Ministry of Health and Welfare operates mainly three types of microcredit programs, namely, Growing Hope Bank Account, financial assistance for operating business and financing for starting small businesses. Although these microcredit programs are implemented under the same organization, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Growing Hope Bank Account is beneficiary-centered, financial assistance for operating business focuses on stability and financing for starting small businesses concentrates on policy participants. Miso Finance posted similar appropriacy to the Growing Hope Bank Account program, yet, showed weaker appropriacy in flow of financing. Koreas microcredit programs were devised to encourage self-support of low-income populations, taking a welfare-to-work policy approach, emplacing beneficial conditions for recipients, providing long-term, low interest and zero collateral loans. The programs are government-lead with cooperation from private companies, relying mostly on government funding to sustain its operation. Despite accommodating Koreas low-income recipients, Koreas programs have low repayment and high default rates, with a strong risk to entice moral laxity in delivering organizations and beneficiaries. Furthermore, the programs biggest limitation is that without stable government funding, Koreas microcredit programs cannot maintain financing for loans and operation costs to establish a sustainable Korean microcredit model. The study compared Koreas policies to Grameen Bank, the founding bank of microcredit with a traditional microfinancing model, and other critical microcredit policies in advanced countries that emerged during the 1990s such as Frances ADEI and ACCION USA. The study was able to reveal unique features of Koreas microcredit policies by comparing the policies of Korea and other countries. The comparison showed Korea lagging in approcriacy relative to other countires in delivering organizations, financing and provisions, but score higher in adequately conveying the purpose of microcredit in terms of benefits provided to the recipients. Grameen Bank has secure funding sources, provides loans that are necessary to productive activities and offers close aftercare to borrowers, well-suiting the purpose of microcredit in terms of scope of utilization for beneficiaries, financing and provisions. On the other hand, ADEI and ACCION USA adopted a strong private-government partnership, supporting targeted populations, hence achieving higher appropriacy in provisions and delivering organizations. The study overviewed Koreas microcredit policies taking a critical approach, and analyzed microcredit policies of Korea and other countries. Also, it provided the direction for a Korean microcredit policy using the four dimensions using the framework for social welfare policy analysis. In conclusion, to establish a sustainable and vibrant microcredit model for Korea, firstly, recipients and target population benefiting from microcredit programs need to be widened, secondly, practical and realistic interest rates need to be emplaced along with securing of bonds, thirdly, delivering organizations should establish a central control tower and enhance professionalism. Lastly, stable funding sources and resource supplies should be procured.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 3 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 7 ์ œ2์žฅ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 11 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ด๋ก โ€ค์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 11 1. ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ… 11 2. ๊ธˆ์œต ์†Œ์™ธ ํ•ด์†Œ์ •์ฑ… 13 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 15 1. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 15 2. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 20 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€ 24 1. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 24 2. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• 29 ์ œ3์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 40 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๊ฒฝ๊ณผ 40 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 42 1. ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์‚ฌ์—… 42 2. ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„์›ํšŒ ์†Œ๊ด€ ํœด๋ฉด์˜ˆ๊ธˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žฌ๋‹จ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ธˆ์œต ์‚ฌ์—… 69 3. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 79 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 81 1. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง• 81 2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 84 ์ œ4์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋น„๊ต 87 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏผ๋ฑ…ํฌ์™€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋น„๊ต 87 1. ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏผ๋ฑ…ํฌ 87 2. ๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏผ๋ฑ…ํฌ์™€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋น„๊ต 97 ์ œ2์ ˆ ADEI, ACCION USA์™€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋น„๊ต 103 1. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ADEI 103 2. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ACCION USA 107 3. ADEI, ACCION USA ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋น„๊ต 111 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  117 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ต๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 117 1. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 117 2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 118 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 123 1. ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ ์ • 126 2. ์ด์ž์œจ ํ˜„์‹คํ™” ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ฑ„๊ถŒํ™•๋ณด ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ 128 3. ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค ํƒ€์›Œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 131 4. ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์žฌ์›ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ž์›์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ•ํ™” 135 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 138 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 138 2. ํ–ฅํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 140 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 141 Abstract 145Maste

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