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    자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ μƒμ§€μ—μ„œμ˜ λ¦Όν”„λΆ€μ’… 평가

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ˜ν•™κ³Ό, 2017. 2. μ΅œμŠΉν™.λͺ©μ : 상지 림프뢀쒅을 평가함에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ μ˜ μœ μš©μ„±μ„ λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ μ‹ ν‹°κ·Έλž˜ν”Όμ™€ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ ν‰κ°€ν•œλ‹€. λŒ€μƒ 및 방법: λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ³Έμ›μ˜ μ˜ν•™μ—°κ΅¬μœ€λ¦¬μ‹¬μ˜μœ„μ›νšŒ μŠΉμΈμ„ λ°›μ•˜μœΌλ©° λͺ¨λ“  μžμ›μž 및 ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ μ„œλ©΄ λ™μ˜λ₯Ό 받은 ν›„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μš°μ„  7λͺ…μ˜ μžμ›μžμ—μ„œ κ°€λ„λΆ€νŠΈλ‘€ 피내주사λ₯Ό ν•œ λ’€ 3.0T μž₯λΉ„μ—μ„œ 지방포화 3차원 경사에코 자기곡λͺ… κΈ°λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ˜μƒμ„ νšλ“ν•˜μ—¬ 자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ μ˜ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ„ ν™•λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 일츑성 λ¦Όν”„λΆ€μ’… ν™˜μž 6λͺ…μ—μ„œ 자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ κ³Ό λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ μ‹ ν‹°κ·Έλž˜ν”Όλ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ—¬ κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ„œλ‘œ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 두 μ˜μƒ κΈ°λ²•μ˜ μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 각각 2λͺ…μ˜ μ˜μƒμ˜ν•™κ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬μ™€ 1λͺ…μ˜ ν•΅μ˜ν•™κ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, λ¦Όν”„ λ°°μ•‘μ˜ 양상 및 지연 정도, λ¦Όν”„κ΄€κ³Ό λ¦Όν”„μ ˆμ˜ μ„ μ˜ˆλ„, 그리고 림프관이 μ‹œκ°ν™”λ˜λŠ” 해뢀학적 λ†’μ΄μ˜ λ‹€μ„― 가지 ν•­λͺ©μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν™˜μžμ˜ μž„μƒ μ†Œκ²¬κ³Ό μ˜μƒ 검사 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ 각 ν™˜μžμ—μ„œμ˜ 진단 기쀀을 μ„€μ •ν•œ 후에 이λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ κ³Ό λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ μ‹ ν‹°κ·Έλž˜ν”Όμ˜ 민감도와 νŠΉμ΄λ„λ₯Ό κ³„μ‚°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ²°κ³Ό: 자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ μ€ λͺ¨λ“  ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ μ§€μ—°λœ λ¦Όν”„ 배앑을 보여쀀 반면 λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ μ‹ ν‹°κ·Έλž˜ν”ΌλŠ” 6λͺ… 쀑 5λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ μ§€μ—°λœ λ¦Όν”„ 배앑을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€. λ¦Όν”„ λ°°μ•‘ 양상에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ κ³Ό λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ μ‹ ν‹°κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό κ°κ°μ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ“  ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ νΌμ ΈμžˆλŠ” λ¦Όν”„ 배앑이 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 앑와뢀 λ¦Όν”„μ ˆμ€ 두 μ˜μƒ 기법 λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ μ‹œκ°ν™”λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. 자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ  μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜μžˆλŠ” 림프관이 μ€‘λ“±λ„μ˜ μ„ μ˜ˆλ„λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ‚˜, λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ μ‹ ν‹°κ·Έλž˜ν”Ό μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” 1λͺ…μ—μ„œ μ€‘λ“±λ„μ˜ μ„ μ˜ˆλ„λ‘œ, 4λͺ…μ—μ„œ λΆˆλŸ‰ν•œ μ •λ„μ˜ μ„ μ˜ˆλ„λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©° 1λͺ…μ—μ„œλŠ” 림프관이 보이지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. 림프관이 μ˜μƒν™”λœ λ†’μ΄λŠ” 두 검사 λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ 상완 1λͺ…, μ „μ™„ 4λͺ…, 그리고 μˆ˜λΆ€ 1λͺ…μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ μ€ 4개의 ν•­λͺ© λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ 100νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜ 민감도λ₯Ό 보인 반면, λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ μ‹ ν‹°κ·Έλž˜ν”Όμ˜ λ―Όκ°λ„λŠ” λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ λ¬˜μ‚¬ ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œλŠ” 83.3νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜€κ³ , λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 3개 ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œλŠ” 100νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜€λ‹€. 자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ μ˜ νŠΉμ΄λ„λŠ” λ¦Όν”„ λ°°μ•‘μ˜ 지연 ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ 85.7νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜€κ³  λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œλŠ” 100νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜€μœΌλ©°, λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ μ‹ ν‹°κ·Έλž˜ν”Όμ˜ νŠΉμ΄λ„λŠ” λ¦Όν”„ λ°°μ•‘μ˜ 양상 ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ 66.7νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜€κ³  λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œλŠ” 100νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜€λ‹€. 두 κ²€μ‚¬μ˜ 각 ν•­λͺ© κ²°κ³Όκ°’μ—μ„œλŠ” λ¦Όν”„ λ°°μ•‘μ˜ 지연 정도와 양상이 83.3νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ—μ„œ μΌμΉ˜ν•˜μ˜€κ³  두 검사 λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ“  ν™˜μžμ˜ 앑와뢀 λ¦Όν”„μ ˆμ΄ 보이지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. κ΄€μ°°λœ λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ˜ 해뢀학적 λ†’μ΄λŠ” 66.7νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜ ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ μΌμΉ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ²°λ‘ : 자기곡λͺ… λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ‘°μ˜μˆ μ€ λ¦Όν”„κ΄€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 평가함에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ μ‹ ν‹°κ·Έλž˜ν”Όλ³΄λ‹€ μš°μ›”ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 그밖에 앑와뢀 λ¦Όν”„μ ˆμ˜ μ‘°μ˜μ¦κ°• 여뢀와 λ¦Όν”„κ΄€ λ°°μ•‘ 평가에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ” 두 μ˜μƒ 기법이 λͺ¨λ“  ν™˜μž λ˜λŠ” 거의 λͺ¨λ“  ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ λ™μΌν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€.Purpose: To validate usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) lymphangiography for evaluation of peripheral lymphedema in upper extremities by comparison with lymphoscintigraphy. Materials and Methods: This prospective study had institutional review board approval and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Initially, protocol of MR lymphangiography for upper extremity was established in seven healthy volunteers with 3.0T fat-saturated three-dimensional gradient-echo MR after gadobutrol injection. Then six patients with unilateral lymphedema of the upper extremities were examined with MR lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy, and the results were correlated with each other. Results of both techniques were separately evaluated by two radiologists and a nuclear physician in terms of delay and pattern of lymphatic drainage, conspicuity of the visualization of lymph vessels and axillary lymph nodes, and enhancing levels of lymphatic system. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of both techniques by using a combined consensus of clinical presentations and imaging findings of the patients determined by the radiologist, nuclear physician, and referring physician as the reference standard. We also evaluated correlation of both techniques. Results: MR lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy showed delayed drainage and partially diffuse drainage in all patients. Axillary lymph node was not visualized on both techniques. MR lymphangiography demonstrated lymphangiectasia with moderate conspicuity in all six patients while lymphoscintigraphy showed lymph vessels with moderate conspicuity in one patient, poor conspicuity in four patients, and no visualization in the other patient. Both MR lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy showed lymph vessels up to upper arm in one patient, forearm in four patients, and only hand in the other patient. MR lymphangiography showed sensitivities of 100% for all four categories, while lymphoscintigraphy yielded a sensitivity of 83.3% for delineation of lymph vessels and 100% for the other three categories. Specificity of MR lymphangiography was 85.7% for delay of drainage and 100% for other three categories, while lymphoscintigraphy showed specificity of 100% for delay of lymphatic drainage, depiction of lymph vessels and enhancement of axillary lymph nodes, and 66.7% for pattern of lymphatic drainage. Delay and pattern of drainage was same in 83.3% and non-visualization of axillary LNs was indistinguishably noted in all patients on both techniques. Anatomic level of enhanced lymph vessel was identical in 66.7% of the patients. Conclusion: MR lymphangiography showed better performance for depiction of lymph vessels. MR lymphangiography and lymphoscintigraphy yielded same results in all or most patients for evaluation of axillary lymph nodes enhancement and lymphatic drainage in upper extremity.Introduction 1 Materials and methods 3 Results 10 Discussion 16 References 21 Tables and figures 24 Abstract in Korean 35Maste

    Comparison with Histopathology as the Reference Standard

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ μ˜ν•™κ³Ό,2020. 2. 이재영.Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the normalized local variance (NLV) ultrasound technique in the assessment of hepatic steatosis, and to identify the factors that influence the NLV value using histopathological examination as the reference standard. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet for variable periods (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 days or 2, 3, or 4 weeks; four rats per group). At the end of each diet duration, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and NLV examination were performed. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed and their livers were histopathologically evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic capability of the NLV value in the detection of varying degrees of hepatic steatosis. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were used to determine the factors associated with the NLV value. Results: The areas under the ROC curve for the detection of mild, moderate, and severe hepatic steatosis were 0.953, 0.896, and 0.735, respectively. The NLV value showed comparable diagnostic performance to that of MRS in the detection of β‰₯ mild or β‰₯ moderate hepatic steatosis. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the degree of hepatic steatosis was the only significant factor affecting the NLV value (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The NLV value demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic performance in the assessment of varying degrees of hepatic steatosis. The degree of hepatic steatosis was the only significant factor that affected the NLV value.λͺ©μ : ν‘œμ€€ν™” κ΅­μ†Œ λΆ„μ‚° (normalized local variance, NLV) 초음파 κΈ°λ²•μ˜ 지방간 진단λŠ₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³ , 쑰직병리학 검사 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 진단 κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν–ˆμ„ μ‹œ NLV 값에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 인자λ₯Ό νƒκ΅¬ν•œλ‹€. λŒ€μƒ 및 방법: 40 마리의 수컷 Sprague-Dawley λž«μ—κ²Œ λ©”ν‹°μ˜€λ‹Œ-콜린 결핍 μ‚¬λ£Œλ₯Ό λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 급이 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€ (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 일, λ˜λŠ” 2, 3, 4 μ£Ό; 각 κ΅° λ‹Ή 4 마리). 각 급이 κΈ°κ°„ μ’…λ£Œ μ‹œμ— 자기곡λͺ…λΆ„κ΄‘μ˜μƒ (magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS)κ³Ό NLV 검사λ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이후 랫트λ₯Ό μ•ˆλ½μ‚¬μ‹œν‚¨ ν›„ 간을 μ μΆœν•΄μ„œ μ‘°μ§λ³‘λ¦¬ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²€μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μˆ˜μ‹ μž μ‘°μž‘ νŠΉμ„± (Receiver operating characteristic, ROC) 곑선 뢄석을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ NLV 값이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ •λ„μ˜ 지방간을 κ²€μΆœν•΄λ‚΄λŠ” μ„±λŠ₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ‹¨λ³€λŸ‰ 및 λ‹€λ³€λŸ‰ μ„ ν˜• νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ NLV κ°’κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λœ λ³€μˆ˜λ₯Ό νƒκ΅¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ²°κ³Ό: 경증 이상, 쀑등증 이상, μ€‘μ¦μ˜ 지방간 κ²€μΆœμ— λŒ€ν•œ ROC 곑선 ν•˜ 면적은 각각 0.953, 0.896, 0.735 μ˜€λ‹€. NLV 값은 경증 이상 및 쀑등증 μ΄μƒμ˜ 지방간 κ²€μΆœμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ MRS와 λŒ€λ“±ν•œ 진단λŠ₯을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ‹€λ³€λŸ‰ μ„ ν˜• νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 쑰직병리 상 μ§€λ°©κ°„μ˜ 정도가 NLV 값에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μœ μΌν•œ μš”μΈμž„μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€ (P < 0.001). κ²°λ‘ : NLV 값은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ •λ„μ˜ 지방간 평가에 만쑱슀러운 진단λŠ₯을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 쑰직병리 상 μ§€λ°©κ°„μ˜ μ •λ„λŠ” NLV κ°’μ˜ μœ μΌν•œ κ²°μ • μš”μΈμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€.I . Introduction 1 II. Materials and methods 4 III. Results 11 IV. Discussion 15 V. References 21 VI. Tables and figures 26 VII. Abstract in Korean 35Docto
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