Mid-Holocene Northern Hemisphere warming driven by Arctic amplification

The Holocene thermal maximum was characterized by strong summer solar heating that substantially increased the summertime temperature relative to preindustrial climate. However, the summer warming was compensated by weaker winter insolation, and the annual mean temperature of the Holocene thermal maximum remains ambiguous. Using multimodel mid-Holocene simulations, we show that the annual mean Northern Hemisphere temperature is strongly correlated with the degree of Arctic amplification and sea ice loss. Additional model experiments show that the summer Arctic sea ice loss persists into winter and increases the mid- and high-latitude temperatures. These results are evaluated against four proxy datasets to verify that the annual mean northern high-latitude temperature during the mid-Holocene was warmer than the preindustrial climate, because of the seasonally rectified temperature increase driven by the Arctic amplification. This study offers a resolution to the “Holocene temperature conundrum”, a well-known discrepancy between paleo-proxies and climate model simulations of Holocene thermal maximum.H.-S.P. was supported by the Basic Research Project (GP2017-013) of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resource (KIGAM), Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning. S.-J.K. was supported by KOPRI project no. PE19130. S.-W.S. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant NRF-2018R1A5A1024958. A.L.S. was supported by the NSF under grant numbers ANT-1543388 and OCE-1751386. K.-H.S. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant NRF-2018R1A2A2A05018426

Park, Hyo Seok

학위논문(석사)----아주대학교 일반대학원 :의학과,2008. 2위창자관과 주변의 배 구조물의 표면모델이 있으면 실시간에 골라보고 돌려볼 수 있어 소화계통의 해부학을 이해하는데 도움이 된다. 그러나 정확한 표면모델을 연속절단면영상으로는 만들 수 없다. 위창자관 전체의 표면모델을 만들기 위해 한국 사람의 연속절단면영상에 테두리를 그렸다. 테두리 그리는 것은 필터링과 보간의 도움이 컸다. 그 다음에 꺾임이 큰 위창자관은 몇 부분으로 나누었다. 각 부분별로 표면재구성한 다음 각부분을 합쳐서 하나의 위창자관 표면모델을 만들었다. 또한 107 개의 주변 구조물을 마련했다. 표면모델은 가상수술과 같은 의학교육시스템을 발전시키는데 도움 될 것으로 기대된다. 더욱이 이 연구에서 만든 테두리 그리는 방법과 표면재구성하는 방법을 널리 퍼뜨리면 다른 연구자가 더 쉽게 연속절단면을 써서 표면모델을 만드는 데에도 도움 될 것이다.ABSTRACT = 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS = 2 LIST OF FIGURES = 3 LIST OF TABLES = 5 Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION = 6 Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS = 9 Ⅲ. RESULTS = 19 Ⅳ. DISCUSSION = 21 Ⅴ. CONCLUSION = 26 REFERENCES = 27 국문요약 = 29MasterSurface models of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and neighboring abdominal structures can be opened and rotated in a real time, which is helpful to understanding anatomy of digestive system. However, we could not find objective surface models made from the serially sectioned images. In order to make the surface models, whole length of the GI tract was outlined in the serially sectioned images of the Visible Korean Human; the outlining was supported by the enhanced technique of filtering and interpolation. Subsequently, highly curved GI tract was divided into several parts, and each part was surface reconstructed and united with one another to acquire a surface model of GI tract. Likewise, about 100 surface models of other neighboring structures were prepared. The surface models are expected to encourage other investigators to develop medical training systems such as virtual abdominal operation. Additionally, the improved technique of outlining and surface reconstruction is expected to inspire other investigators to easily make their own surface models from other serial images