87 research outputs found

    FoxP3 ์œ ์ „์ž๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ์ด์‹ ์„ฑ์ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ์†ก์€์˜.Background. FoxP3 is the most reliable marker for regulatory T cells which play an important role in maintaining tolerance of renal allograft. Recently, FoxP3 gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with graft survival in renal transplantation. Methods. We analyzed the association of FoxP3 polymorphisms (rs3761548A/C, rs2280883C/T, rs5902434del/ATT, and rs2232365A/G) and graft outcome by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) on 231 adult renal transplantation recipients performed during the period of 1996-2004 in Seoul National University Hospital. Results. Patients with rs2280883 TT genotype showed lower acute rejection rate compared to CC or CT genotype (26.9% vs 53.3%, P = 0.038). Patients with rs3761548 CC genotype showed better graft survival compared to AC or AA genotype (log rank test, P = 0.03). Patients with rs2280883 TT genotype showed better graft survival compared to CT or CC genotype (P = 0.02). Patients with rs3761548 CC genotype showed lower rate or recurrence of underlying glomerular disease compared to AC or AA genotype (P = 0.01). Conclusion. FoxP3 polymorphism rs3761548 CC and rs2280883 TT genotypes were associated with superior graft outcome of renal transplantation in Koreans. Further studies are needed in larger number of patients.Abstract ....................................................................................... i Contents ...................................................................................... iii List of tables................................................................................ v List of figures .......................................................................... vii List of abbreviations .............................................................. viii 1. Introduction ............................................................................ 1 2. Materials and Methods ......................................................... 4 2.1. Subjects ............................................................................ 4 2.2. Analysis of FoxP3 gene SNPs....................................... 5 2.3. Processing reference sequence data............................... 7 2.4. Predicting the effect of intron variant.......................... 8 2.5. Statistical analysis.......................................................... 9 3. Results ................................................................................... 11 3.1. Characteristics of the study population. .................... 11 3.2. Comparison of gene frequency with Korean population database............................................................................. 16 3.3. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype-based association analysis ....................................................... 18 3.4. Association of FoxP3 polymorphisms with graft rejection ........................................................ 22 3.5. Graft survival and FoxP3 polymorphism................. 26 3.6. Recurrence of underlying glomerular disease posttransplant and FoxP3 polymorphism ...................................... 30 3.7. Posttransplant infection and FoxP3 polymorphism......................... 34 3.8. In-silico analysis of the intron variant on splicing efficiency of FoxP3 polymorphism........ 40 4. Discussion.............................................................................. 42 References ................................................................................. 47 Abstract in Korean .................................................................. 56Docto

    K๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ 8๊ฐœ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ๊ณ ๊ธธ๊ณค.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž์งˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ง๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ด€๋ จ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ 8๊ฐœ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฐจ์žฅ๊ธ‰ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž์งˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(ํ•™๋ ฅ, ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ์„ฑ์ทจ๋™๊ธฐ, ์—…๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ)์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ž๋…€์œ ๋ฌด, ์ฃผ์–‘์œก์ž ์œ ๋ฌด, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์ง€์›์ •๋„)๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต(์Šน์ง„์†Œ์š”์—ฐ์ˆ˜), ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต(๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๋งŒ์กฑ, ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ)์„ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์ด์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋ฌธํ™”, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ๋ฉ˜ํ† ์ˆ˜, ์Šน์ง„์ œ๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ†ต๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฐจ์žฅ ์Šน์ง„์†Œ์š”์—ฐ์ˆ˜์—๋Š” ์ž์งˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฐœ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์ธ์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๋งŒ์กฑ์—๋Š” ์ž์งˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ(์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ)๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง์—…์ƒํ™œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์˜ ํ˜‘์กฐ์  ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜์™ธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ์ฆํญ์‹œ์ผœ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์˜ ํ˜‘์กฐ์  ํƒœ๋„ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ƒํ™œ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์—๋Š” ์ž์งˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์—…๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ ๊ทน์  ํ™œ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์œก์•„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ์„œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ ๋ณด๋žŒ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ • ๋‚ด ์—ญํ• ์„ ์›ํ™œํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์ œ๋„ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, ์ผยท๊ฐ€์ • ์–‘๋ฆฝ ์ง€์›์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด ์ผยท๊ฐ€์ • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์œ ์ธ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ๋งฅ, ํ•™์—ฐ ๋“ฑ ๊ด€ํ–‰์  ์š”์ธ์ด ์Šน์ง„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ ๊ทน ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‚ฌ์Šน์ง„์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋„๋ก ๋”์šฑ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์Šน์ง„ ํ›„ ํƒ€์ง€์—ญ ์ „๋ณด ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ง์›์˜ ์Šน์ง„์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์–‘์œก๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ „๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ณด์™„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์Šน์ง„, ๋ณด์ง ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ œ๋„ ์•ˆ๋‚ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ฒœ์žฅ ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ์žฅ๊ธ‰ ์ด์ƒ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ง„์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ณผ์žฅยท๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๊ธ‰ ์ง์›์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ธต์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ง๊ธ‰๋ณ„๋กœ ๋” ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํšก๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ, ์ข…๋‹จ๋ฉด์  ์ถ”์ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์† ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋ณ„๋กœ 3โˆผ4๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…๋ณ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ง์—…๊ตฐ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋„์ถœ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜, 8๊ฐœ ์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹น์ดˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.The purpose of this study is to identify the current status of female managers in public institutions by comparatively analyzing how personal qualities and personal environmental variables affect the career success of female managers, and to provide rational and realistic organizational management plans. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted on eight female public-level managers and above at public institutions working on domestic power generation, and a total of 171 survey results were collected. Individual qualities variables (education, personality, motivation for achievement, work ability) and individual environmental variables (marriage status, parenting status, spouse's attitude, household support level) were set as independent variables. In addition, objective career success and subjective career success (career satisfaction, job satisfaction) were set as dependent variables. In addition, in order to supplement the results of statistical analysis and to contain the actual stories of employees who are not clearly revealed by statistics, in-depth interviews were conducted with 8 employees, and the following research results could be derived. First, among the independent variables, 'education' had a significant effect on the object career success. On the other hand, the personality and ability of the individual expected to affect the promotion did not have a significant effect, and the personal environment variables were also not significant. Second, the personal qualities variable 'neuroticism' and 'environmental spouse's attitude toward women's professional life' had a significant effect on career satisfaction. Third, there was a positive effect on the job satisfaction, personal trait variables, job ability and motivation for achievement. On the other hand, the personal environment, which was expected to affect an individual's subjective career success, was found to have no significant effect. This is due to the active use of family-friendly policies, and the degree of stress caused by parenting has decreased compared to before, and the joy and reward felt as a parent. Through these findings, the following policy implications can be suggested. First, this study confirmed that the government's family-friendliness has been properly infiltrated into public institutions and has a positive effect on female employees, which has played a large role in smoothly fulfilling the roles of women and employees. Therefore, the government family-friendly proliferation drive should continue more consistently. Second, these results are from public institutions, so it is necessary to consider the incentive plan that enables private organizations to actively utilize family-friendly degrees. Third, as a result of the research, it was found that there are still external factors such as social networking and academic relations, and high-level managers subjective opinions. Therefore, public institutions should make more efforts to change existing practices and establish a rational personnel promotion system. Fourth, as a result of interviews, depending on the organization, the transfer to other regions after promotion system acted as a factor to prevent the promotion of female employees. There seems to be a need to think about policy supplementation. Next, based on this research, suggestions for follow-up research are as follows. First, this study did not include representatives and managers who were unable to promote or give up due to personal circumstances. Although in-depth interviews were conducted, since the number of interviewees was limited to 8, the representativeness was limited, so in order to derive accurate research results, it is necessary to expand the sample subjects by rank. Second, although the samples were selected as eight institutions, more meaningful results could be obtained if comparative studies were conducted by increasing the number of target institutions and, if possible, expanding them to private enterprises to derive more accurate research results. Third, since this study is a cross-sectional study, it is necessary to divide the questionnaire into 3-4 groups for each longevity in order to analyze longitudinal trend.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 5 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 2. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 6 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  7 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 7 1. ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ ฅ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก  7 2. ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก  9 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 15 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 21 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 21 1. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 21 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 22 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ 26 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 36 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 36 2. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 37 3. ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 39 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 42 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ธก์ •์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 42 1. ํ‘œ๋ณธ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 42 2. ์ธก์ •์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 44 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 46 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 56 1. ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 56 2. ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ 58 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 60 1. ์Šน์ง„์†Œ์š”์—ฐ์ˆ˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ถ„์„ 60 2. ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต(๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๋งŒ์กฑ)์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 65 3. ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต(์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ)์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 68 4. ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 72 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  75 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 75 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 77Maste

    Four-year nationwide incidence of retinitis pigmentosa in South Korea: a population-based retrospective study from 2011 to 2014

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    OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in South Korea. DESIGN: Nationwide, population-based retrospective study. SETTING: Census population of South Korea PARTICIPANTS: This study involved the entire population of South Korea (n=47 990 761). Patients confirmed as having RP by an ophthalmologist from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2014 were included. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The average incidence of RP during the 4-year study period was estimated using population data from the 2010 Korean census. RESULTS: A total of 3144 (1567 men and 1577 women) patients confirmed as having RP were identified. The average incidence of RP was 1.64 cases/100 000 person-years (95% CI 1.58 to 1.70). The incidence of RP distribution skewed to the left across age groups, with one smaller peak observed in the 20-24-year-old age group (1.24 cases/100 000 person-years) and a larger peak observed in the 65-69-year-old age group (3.26 cases/100 000 person-years). The overall incidence was similar in men and women (1.64 cases/100 000 person-years (95% CI 1.56 to 1.73) for men; 1.63 cases/100 000 person-years (95% CI 1.55 to 1.72) for women). CONCLUSIONS: Our study's estimates of the nationwide population-based incidence of RP in an Asian population will help advance the understanding of the disease onset and allow healthcare systems to plan accordingly.ope

    Schulbuchanalyse von Deutsch I

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    This research focuses on the analysis of the high school German textbook "Deutsch 1" which is developed and published in South Korea in 2013. Many public high schools have adopted this book as the official textbook for introduction to German language and culture. This book reflects the communicative and intercultural competences, which are formulated as an explicit teaching goal in the national teaching plan of 2009. In the theoretical part of this research we critically look into the diverse checklists of German textbook criteria which are developed in the history of German language edcuation. In the practical part of this research we aim to devise new criteria which correspond to our schemes of analyses by means of which we analyze the school textbook licensed in Korea.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2015-01/102/0000047388/2ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A077064DEPT_CD:709CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:07. ์„ฑ์ƒํ™˜ ์™ธ..pdfDEPT_NM:๋…์–ด๊ต์œก๊ณผSCOPUS_YN:NCONFIRM:

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    ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™/์„์‚ฌrestrictio

    Application frame for ANOVA and factorial experiment with excel VBA

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ, 2011.2. ์กฐ์‹ ์„ญ.Maste

    Correlation between hypermethylation of the RASSF2A promoter and K-rasBRAF mutations in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancers

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    Thesis(master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์ข…์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ „๊ณต,2006.Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(ํ–‰์ •ํ•™์ „๊ณต),2010.2.Maste

    Effects of puromycin aminonucleoside on the mRNA and protein expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycan in cultured glomerular epithelial cells

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,2000.Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ „๊ณต,1995.Maste
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