환경경영표준의 내재화와 한국정부의 역할

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 외교학과, 2012. 8. 조동준.이 논문은 국제환경규범 중 하나인 ISO14000의 한국 내 수용과 내재화 과정에 주목한다. ISO14000은 비정부기구인 국제표준화기구에서 제작된 환경경영표준이며 비정부적, 자발적 성격을 지닌다. 또한 지속가능발전을 도모하고 국가별 상이한 환경표준의 조화를 통한 보편적 환경표준을 지향한다. 환경을 고려한 지속가능발전과 표준의 조화를 도모한 자유무역규범이 혼재되어 있다. 한국정부는 환친법을 통해 ISO14000을 법제화하며 제도적‧정책적으로 수용하는 모습을 보이며 한국 내 기업들 또한 ISO14000시리즈의 대표규격인 환경경영체제(ISO14001)을 구축하면서 한국 내 ISO140000의 확산이 활발하게 일어나는 모습을 보인다. 한국정부가 비정부적 성격을 가지는 ISO14000을 주도적으로 수용한 요인은 그것이 한국의 수출과 관련이 있었기 때문이다. 한국은 무역의존성이 큰 국가이며 국가 경제성장이 무역과 맞물려있다. 정부의 적극적인 ISO14000의 수용은 이익(interest)에 기반한다. 한국정부는 ISO14000의 내재화 과정에서 환경을 고려한 지속가능발전보다는 국제무역 관점의 자유무역규범에 입각하여 ISO14000을 프레이밍하는 모습을 보인다. 환경에 대한 고려는 정부별로 상이하게 나타나지만 서로 다른 정부들이 공통적으로 수출경쟁력, 무역에 대해 중점을 두고 있다. 한국에서 ISO14000은 환경규제의 속성보다는 해외에서 요구하는 규격, 수출장벽에 대한 대비로 프레이밍되며 자유무역의 속성이 부각된다. 한국정부가 기존에 가지고 있던 규범인 발전주의와 무역규범이 경제성장이라는 측면에서 공유하는 바가 크기 때문이다. 실질적으로 환경경영체제를 구축하고 인증 받는 기업들의 인증경향을 확인해보면, 수출기업들이 환경경영체제를 인증, 유지하는 성향을 보인다. 이는 무역에 방점을 둔 정부의 정책신호와 호응한다. 환경경영체제 인증과 유지에 있어서 기업들은 해외시장 확보라는 이익에 기반한다. 한국 내 산업계에서 환경경영체제 인증의 확산은 대기업에서 중소기업으로, 수출기업에서 내수기업으로 확산되는 현상을 보인다. 정부 정책이 수출과 무역에 비중을 두고 기업들이 이익에 기반하여 행동할지라도 그것이 동력이 되어 환경경영 규범이 국내에 확산되는 모습을 보인다. 이는 규범수용자의 역할수행(role playing)이 환경경영표준이라는 규범의 내재화로 이어지는 현상을 보여준다.Ⅰ서론 1 1. 문제제기 1 2. 기존연구 분석 4 3. 연구의 설계 13 1)사례의 선정 13 2)연구의 방법 및 자료 14 Ⅱ 국제환경경영표준(ISO14000)의 출현과 규범화 16 1. 국제표준화기구 16 2. ISO14000시리즈 18 1) ISO14000의 규격 18 2) 국제환경경영표준의 발달과정 20 3) ISO14000의 배경: 두 가지 규범 22 (1) 지속가능발전 23 (2) 자유무역: 환경과 무역의 연계, TBT협정 24 (3) ISO14000의 속성: 지속가능발전과 자유무역 규범의 혼재 26 3. 환경경영표준 제정 과정에서의 균열선 27 (1) 선진국과 개발도상국 간 균열선 27 (2) 기업과 NGO 간 균열선 30 (3) 유럽과 미국 간 균열선 32 (4) 한국정부의 입장 37 4. 소결 38 Ⅲ 한국 내 환경경영표준의 확산 41 1. 법제화 흐름 41 2. ISO 인증제도의 발전 45 3. 한국에서 ISO14001 인증의 확산현상 49 1) 한국 내 ISO14001 인증 현황 49 2) 제조업/서비스업에서 ISO14001 인증기업이 차지하는 비중 비교분석 51 3) 정부의 환경경영규범 내재화 52 4. 소결 58 Ⅳ 환경경영에 대한 한국정부의 정책신호 59 1. ISO14001에 대한 정부별 정책과 프레이밍 60 2. 환경과 자유무역 –정부 별 프레이밍의 실질적 내용비교 76 3. 소결: 자유무역규범으로서의 ISO14001 82 Ⅴ 기업의 ISO14001 인증요인 분석 84 1. 자료 및 연구방법 84 2. 분석결과 85 1) 인증을 유지/취소하는 기업에 대한 분석 85 2) 한국계/외국계 인증원과 수출기업 89 3) 시간의 흐름에 따른 ISO14001의 인증발급 분석 94 4) 한국에서 ISO14001 인증을 받는 외국기업체 현황 99 3. 소결 101 Ⅵ 결론 102 1. 연구의 결과 요약 102 2. 이론적함의 102 3. 연구의 한계 및 추가연구 제시 104 참고문헌 106 부록 115 영문초록 119Maste

A Study on the analysis of Cello and Piano Sonata in g minor, op.65 of Frederic Chopin

낭만시대의 대표적인 Piano작곡가이자 음악가인 Frederic Chopin(1810-1849)의 Piano이외의 유일한 기악곡이자 Sonata 작품 중 마지막으로 발표되었고 친구인August Franchomme에게 헌정되어진 곡으로 알려진 Cello sonata in g minor op.65의 작품배경과 Chopin의 생애 및 음악적인 분석을 연구하여 작곡가의 의도를 충분히 이해하고 접근하는데 목적이 있다. 제 1악장에서의 발전부에 제2주제와 재현부에 제1주제가 나타나지 않으며, 제2악장에서는 고전 Sonana의 3악장형식에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 Scherzo(A B A'의 3부분 형식)가 나타난다. 제3악장에서는 단편적인 선율로 피아노와 첼로가 동등한 위치에서 서로 응답하는 형식으로 불규칙한 구조를 이루고 있다. 제4악장에서는 A B A A' B' A"와 Coda 형식으로 이루어져있다. 이 작품에서 볼 수있는 불규칙한 구성은 고전주의 Sonata 형식에서와는 다른 낭만주의 음악의 특징들을 볼 수가 있는데 이는 그의 음악적색체인 서정적이고 아름다운 선율과 독특한 화성전개는 낭만주의 음악의 발전에 있어서 매우 중요한 위치를 치지를 차지하고 있다.;The final conclusion of the study on Chopin's (a romantic period composer) ‘Cello sonata in G minor Op.65' is as follows. His work is not fully bound to classic period Sonata form, but instead it is composed of four movements with 1st movement of a comparatively free sonata form, 2nd movement with three parts scherzo, 3rd movement with characteristic tempo rubato, and finale with two parts sonata form. The 1st movement with a form of Sonata shows many features of romantic period. It starts with a mixture of functional harmonic vertical chords, and gradually moves forward with chromatic and colorful harmony. Especially, sequential, contrary and parallel motions are remarkable, vertical chords shift gradually horizontal ones. The 2nd movement 'scherzo' is composed of three parts. Syncopational ryhtm become more frequent so that this makes feel rhythmical sense. 2nd movement shows two themes; one theme has cheerful and vertical chords with staccato, and the other theme has horizontal structure with many dispersed chords. The 3rd movement with slow tempo shows tempo rubato which is one of main features of romantic period. Cello and piano exchange lyrical melody and make a nice harmony. Also, inconsistent tempo change appropriately controls musical tension and relaxation and keeps entertaining the listener with unexpected patterns. The 4th movement (the Finale) consists of two parts, in spite of its Sonata form. It has relatively short development and recapitulation compared to classical period sonata form. In this movement, diverse rhythm and rich harmony are frequently used, and musical elements which already appeared in previous movements are repeatedly shown. Chopin's musical techniques and characteristics can be summarized as follows: he uses lyrical and soft melody and vertical chord and horizontal dispersed chord patterns. Also, diminished 7th Chord is prominent and develops with chromaticism. Chromatic progression is often shown with sequential, contrary and parallel motions. Moreover, musical tension and relaxation, contraction and dilatiation appeared well through tempo rubato. Through the study regarding Cello Sonata op.65, Chopin slowly changed classic period style and also simultaneously established his own color on his work. Chopin is a composer who contributed a lot not only to romantic period but also to overall western music stream.Ⅰ. 서 론 1 Ⅱ. 본 론 2 A. F. chopin의 생애 및 음악적 특징 2 1. F. chopin의 생애 2 2. F. chopin의 음악적 특징 4 3. F. chopin의 주요작품 5 B. F. chopin cello sonata in g minor OP.65 7 1. 작품의 배경 7 2. 작품의 분석 8 Ⅲ.결 론 32 참고문헌 33 ABSTRACT 3

The Internalization of ISO14000 in Korea and the Role of Government

This paper focuses on the process of acceptance and internalization of the ISO14000 norm. Published by the International Organization of Standard (ISO), ISO14000 is an international environmental standard which characterized as non-governmental and voluntary. It pursues both sustainable development which is concerned to environmental improvement and harmonization of different regional environmental standards which encourages free-trade by hindering trade barriers. The Government of the Republic of Korea accepted and legitimated ISO14000 by an environment-friendly political frame through the Conversion to an Environmental Friendly Industrial Structure Act and began to introduce the ISO1400 standard within the industrial structure of the country through diverse policies. Further on, with active governmental support, national corporations have also certificated the ISO14001, one of the representative norm of the ISO14000 series, which regulates the Environmental Management System (EMS). This paper states that the process of internationalization of the ISO14000 standard is basically profit-interest based. Koreas economic growth is highly interrelated with its dependance on international trade and thus, the paper argues that the national export industry would have been negatively affected if such regulations were not adopted. Although the different governments in charge, during the whole internalization process had differed on the relevance of the environmental issues, they all had in common a particular interest on improving the exportation competitiveness of national products by adopting ISO14001. This explains why in Korea, the ISO14000 is a standard required for products able to trade with foreign countries and confirms this studys argument that the adoption of the standard is in line with the need of overcoming barriers to international trade rather than on protection of the environment. A deeper analysis demonstrates that ISO14000 process of internalization was actually a process of localization, by meaning that the standard was framed in accordance to preexistent norm, namely developmentalism, which inclined the framing of the norms towards the trade issue. Moreover, an empirical study of the tendency of national companies towards adoption of an ISO14001, demonstrates that international trade-oriented companies were more leaned towards its adoption. These results were consistent with governmental pro-trade policies and an profit-based interest on acquiring and maintaininginternational standard for better access to foreign markets. Nonetheless, the ISO14001 certification in the Korean industries did not cease here but it get diffused through a hierarchical arrangement, from major to middle and small enterprises and from export-lean to domestic companies. Hence, despite government policies actively emphasized the relevance of the internalization of this standard mainly on export and trade, once ISO14001 was adopted, local agents did play a role in fueling the diffusion of it within domestic companies

A new strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis using dual-transgene selection plasmid vector in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia

의과대학/석사Critical limb ischemia (CLI), as a severe manifestation of peripheral artery disease, is emerging as a major concern for aging society worldwide. Cell based gene therapy has been involved in a treatment for CLI to induce angiogenesis in ischemic area. Despite the many studies demonstrated its efficacy as promising results, claudication and amputation along with cardiovascular events are critical complications that need advanced therapy. In the present study, we have established a simplified method to improve the transduced gene effect based on cell-based gene therapy using the selection plasmid vector with sorting system. We constructed the selection plasmid vector by incorporating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) coding sequences as a target gene into pEF1/HisC vector, and subsequently cloned enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) as a selection marker gene with its CMV promoter. By using the selection plasmid vector (pEF1/HisC:VEGF:EGFP), both VEGF and EGFP genes were expressed evenly in cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. Dual-genes expressing MSCs were collected solely via flow cytometry sorting system and the sorted cells were injected into the ischemic hindlimb of mouse. A significant improvement of blood perfusion was displayed at day 21 after hindlimb ischemia induction compared to that in a typical cell-based gene delivery, which means without sorting system, or intact MSCs control. These results suggest that the selection plasmid vector together with sorting system efficiently improved therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimb by augmenting the presence of transduced VEGF genes in the based MSCs. Furthermore, this selection plasmid vector could be a practical use in a wide range of disease, which use cell-based gene therapy as a treatment tool, by simply replacing the target gene or based cell source.ope

Iron oxide nanoparticle-mediated development of cellular gap junction crosstalk to improve mesenchymal stem cells' therapeutic efficacy for myocardial infarction

Electrophysiological phenotype development and paracrine action of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the critical factors that determine the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs for myocardial infarction (MI). In such respect, coculture of MSCs with cardiac cells has windowed a platform for cardiac priming of MSCs. Particularly, active gap junctional crosstalk of MSCs with cardiac cells in coculture has been known to play a major role in the MSC modification through coculture. Here, we report that iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) significantly augment the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein, of cardiomyoblasts (H9C2), which would be critical for gap junctional communication with MSCs in coculture for the generation of therapeutic potential-improved MSCs. MSCs cocultured with IONP-harboring H9C2 (cocultured MSCs: cMSCs) showed active cellular crosstalk with H9C2 and displayed significantly higher levels of electrophysiological cardiac biomarkers and a cardiac repair-favorable paracrine profile, both of which are responsible for MI repair. Accordingly, significantly improved animal survival and heart function were observed upon cMSC injection into rat MI models compared with the injection of unmodified MSCs. The present study highlights an application of IONPs in developing gap junctional crosstalk among the cells and generating cMSCs that exceeds the reparative potentials of conventional MSCs. On the basis of our finding, the potential application of IONPs can be extended in cell biology and stem cell-based therapies.ope