38 research outputs found

    ๊ธฐํ›„์˜ˆ์ธก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(GloSea5)์˜ ํ•ด๋น™ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ  ์ค‘ยท๊ณ ์œ„๋„ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋‚ด ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ง€๊ตฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2021. 2. ์†์„์šฐ.This study investigates the impacts of sea ice initial conditions on surface air temperature (SAT) predictions in Global seasonal forecasting system version 5 (GloSea5). Motivated by warm Arctic-cold Eurasian SAT pattern, which is prevalent in cold season, the three highest and the three lowest years in the Barents-Kara sea ice concentration (SIC) are selected for the November initializations. For those years, the two sets of GloSea5 experiments are conducted; i.e., the one initialized with observed SIC on November 1st (CTL) and the other initialized with climatological SIC (EXP). The CTL shows a weak hint of warm Arctic-cold Eurasian (or cold Arctic-warm Eurasian) SAT pattern in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction from 1 to 5 weeks. This pattern disappears in more extended forecast, failing to reproduce a dipolar SAT anomaly pattern. Although the SIC memory is rather short, its impact on the Arctic SAT is non-negligible. The predictional sensitivity to sea ice initial conditions is most prominent in Eurasia, where the model shows the highest SAT prediction skill. The CTL shows a slightly smaller Arctic-SAT bias than the EXP. The EXP shows the lowered Arctic and Eurasian SAT prediction than CTL. This result may indicate that sea ice initial condition has a minimal impact on northern extratropical prediction skill in the current generation of the seasonal prediction model.๊ณ„์ ˆ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ-ํ•ด์–‘-ํ•ด๋น™ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์•ฝ 2์ฃผ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ์งง์€ ์ง€์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ„์ ˆ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด์–‘ ๋ฐ ํ•ด๋น™์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๊ณ„์ ˆ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธด ์ง€์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ„์ ˆ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ๊ทน ํ•ด๋น™์€ ๋ถ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ  ์ค‘ยท๊ณ ์œ„๋„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์—… ๊ธฐํ›„์˜ˆ์ธก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Global Seasonal Forecast System version 5, GloSea5)์˜ ํ•ด๋น™ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ  ์ค‘ยท๊ณ ์œ„๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ•ด๋น™์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋น™ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 1991~2010๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถ๊ทน ๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋ Œ์ธ -์นด๋ผ ํ•ด์˜ ํ•ด๋น™๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋˜ 3๋…„๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋˜ 3๋…„์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ 11์›” 1์ผ์˜ ํ•ด๋น™๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๋น™๋†๋„ ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ’ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ํ•ด๋น™๋†๋„์™€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ผ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ค€ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋น™๋†๋„ ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ’์„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทœ์ค€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณผ ์ค‘์œ„๋„, ํŠนํžˆ ์œ ๋ผ์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ง€์ƒ๊ธฐ์˜จ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋น™ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€์ƒ๊ธฐ์˜จ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณผ ์œ ๋ผ์‹œ์•„ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์œ„์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.List of tables i List of figures ii 1. Introduction 1 2. Data and Methodology 5 2.1 Data 5 2.2 Methodology 7 3. Experimental designs 9 4. Results 11 4.1 Effect of sea ice initial conditions 11 4.2 Prediction skill on sea ice initialization 13 5. Summary and Discussion 15 6. References 17 7. Tables 21 8. Figures 23 Abstract in Korean 32Maste

    ํ†คํ€ด๋น„์ŠคํŠธ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ด์š”์†Œ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

    Get PDF
    1988๋…„ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ์ฒ ๋„๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ๏ผŒ ๋…์ผ๏ผŒ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์€ ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ฒ ๋„๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์€ 1987๋…„ 4์›” 1 ์ผ์— ์ผ๋ณธ๊ตญ์ฒ  (JNR๏ผŒ Japan National Railways)l)์„ ์˜์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋น„์˜์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ๏ผŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๏ผŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์˜์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ์Šน๊ฐ์šด์†ก๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜๏ผŒ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฒ ๋„์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ (yardstick cornpetition)์„ ์œ ์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฐ์ฒ ๋„ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๏ผŒ2) ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์˜์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 1 ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”๋ถˆ์ฒ ๋„ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ JRํ™”๋ฌผ3)์ด ๋งก๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋น„์˜์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ๊ตญ์ฒ ์ฒญ ์‚ฐ์‚ฌ์—… ๋‹จ(JNRSC๏ผŒ JNR Settlement Corporation)๊ณผ ์‹ ์นธ์„ผ์ฒ ๋„๋ณด์œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(SHC๏ผŒ Shinkansen Holding Corporation)๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์ดˆ 7๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ๋ณธ์ฒ ๋„์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ(JR๏ผŒJapan Railways)๋Š” JNRSC๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜ํšŒ์‚ฌ4)๋กœ ๋ฐœ์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.JR๋™์ผ๋ณธ์€ 2002๋…„ 6์›”์—๏ผŒ JR์„œ์ผ๋ณธ์€ 2004๋…„ 3์›”์— ์ „ ์ฃผ์‹์ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค๊ฐ๋˜์–ด ์™„์ „ ๋ฏผ์˜ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.JR๋™ํ•ด ์—ญ์‹œ ์™„์ „ ๋ฏผ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ๏ผŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 4๊ฐœ์˜ JR์€ ๊ฒฝ์˜๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฑด์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„์ง์€ ์™„์ „๋ฏผ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ 1980๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฒ ๋„์ˆ˜์š”์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ์ฒ ๋„์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž ๋ฏธํก, ์ฒ ๋„์ฒญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒ ๋„๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜์–ด 2003๋…„ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ด…๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณต๋‹จ๋ฒ• ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณตํฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœํŽธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹น์ดˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํŽธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณต๋‹จ์— ์œ„ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ ๋„ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ ํ›„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ์˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค

    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

    Get PDF
    1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์ •๋ถ€์‹คํŒจ (government failure)' ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜์–ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ต์‹ ๏ผŒ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…์—๋„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„คํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜์„ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜๊ตญ๏ผŒ ์Šค์›จ๋ด๏ผŒ ๋…์ผ ๋ฐ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์ด ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—… ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์€ ์—ฌ๊ฐ์šด์†ก๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ (yardstick competition)์„ ์œ ์ธํ•˜๊ณ ๏ผŒ ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ๊ฐ์šด์†ก๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ถ„๋ฆฌ1)๋ฅผ ๊ณจ์ž๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹ ์„  ๊ฑด์„ค์€ 2004๋…„์— ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณต๋‹จ์ด ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ , ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋Š” 2005 ๋…„์— ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœํŽธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์—ฌ๊ฐ์šด์†ก๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ฒ•์ธํ™”ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Šฆ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ดˆ์›”๋Œ€์ˆ˜ (generalized translog) ํ•จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€๋น„์šฉํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฒ ๋„์ฒญ (KNR๏ผŒ Korea National Railroad)์˜ 27๊ฐœ ์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ (1977- 2003), ์ผ๋ณธ๊ตญ์ฒ  (JNR)์˜ 8๊ฐœ ์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ (1977~1984), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  7๊ฐœ ์ผ๋ณธ์ฒ ๋„์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌ(JR S ๏ผŒJapan Railways)์˜ 17๊ฒŒ ์–€๋”๋ฑ” ์ž๋ฃŒ(1987~2003)๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ฒซ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ฒ ๋„์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์šด์˜๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์— ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ™”๋ฌผ์šด์†ก๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ„๋„์˜๋‘ ์šด์˜์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋น„์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค

    ์€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฐœ์งˆ ๋ฐ ์œ ์—ฐยท์‹ ์ถ•์†Œ์ž๋กœ์˜ ์‘์šฉ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋‚˜๋…ธ์œตํ•ฉํ•™๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์œตํ•ฉ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ํ˜„ํƒํ™˜.Metal nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention because of their fascinating physicochemical properties, including their optical, electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical properties. Metallic Ag nanomaterials have been especially intensely investigated for their applications in various fields because of their unique properties such as their excellent electrical conductivity, catalysis, plasmon light-scattering ability, and antibacterial activity. These properties are critically dependent on the size, size distribution, and shape of the nanoparticles (NPs). Thus, substantial efforts have been made in recent decades to develop synthetic methods with improved control over the size and shape of Ag nanomaterials. This dissertation describes the synthesis of uniform Ag nanomaterials using colloidal chemistry and their application as flexible and stretchable electrodes. First, I report the fabrication of uniform and ultra-small-sized Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using a simple synthetic method with high productivity. The NP size was controlled by varying the heating rate. This method is easy to scale up to multigram quantity. The formation of the AgNPs through this synthetic reaction was investigated by ultraviolet (UV)-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The data show that kinetic control of the formation of Ag clusters enables the synthesis of ultra-small-sized AgNPs. Second, I describe a soft and stretchable electrode element that is lightweight and thin and is conformally integrated with various surfaces and the skin. The electrode is composed of a highly conductive Ag nanowire (AgNW)/elastomer nanocomposite. The ligand exchange (LE) of AgNWs allows the NWs to be homogeneously dispersed in the elastomeric medium. This excellent homogeneity leads to mechanically and electrically uniform characteristics and the processability of the composite into various patterns, thereby enabling the production of reliable, large-area conductive electrodes. The softness of the electrode provides maximum comfort, system robustness, and effective conduction, even under bending and stretching. Finally, I introduce electromechanical cardioplasty using an epicardial mesh made of an electrically conductive and mechanically elastic nanocomposite material designed according to two strategic approaches. i) I created an epicardium-like substrate that mechanically integrates with the heart and acts as a structural element in cardiac chambers. ii) I instilled the electrical function of a cardiac conduction system (His-bundles and Purkinje fiber network) into the mesh to deliver impulses from the elasto-conductive epicardial mesh device to the whole ventricular myocardium in concert. These design concepts could allow the recruitment of the entire surviving myocardium, including areas surrounded by fibrotic tissues, to participate in synchronous contraction, significantly improving systolic function while preserving diastolic function.Chapter 1 Introduction: Synthesis of Uniform Silver Nanomaterials Using Colloidal Cheminstry and Their Applications 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Synthetic Methods for Uniform Ag Nanomaterials Using Colloidal Chemistry 3 1.3 Applications of Ag Nanomaterials in Flexible and Stretchable Devices 18 1.4 References 35 Chapter 2 Large-Scale Synthesis of Ultra-Small-Sized Silver Nanoparticles 45 2.1 Introduction 45 2.2 Experimental Section 47 2.3 Result and Discussion 49 2.4 Conclusion 60 2.5 References 61 Chapter 3 Ligand-Exchanged Silver Nanowires for Homegeneous Dispesion with Elastomer 67 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 Experimental Section 69 3.3 Result and Discussion 72 3.4 Conclusion 83 3.5 References 84 Chapter 4 Electromechanical Cardioplasty Using an Epicardium-like Elasto-Conductive Mesh 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Experimental Section 93 4.3 Result and Discussion 107 4.4 Conclusion 148 4.5 References 149 Bibliography 157 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก (Abstract in Korean) 161Docto

    ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋†์‚ฐ์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ์ •์ง„์ฒ .์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€์— ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘์ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, 2016๋…„ 4์›” ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 85,770๋ช…์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ, ์ „๊ณต, ํ•™๋…„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธตํ™”๊ตฐ์ง‘๋น„์œจ ํ‘œ์ง‘์„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 7๊ฐœ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ด 580๋ช…์„ ํ‘œ์ง‘ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ธ, ์ „๊ณตํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋„๊ตฌ(์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€, ์ „๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์—…๊ธฐ๋Œ€, ์ง„ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ, ์ „๊ณต๋งŒ์กฑ๋„)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ(ํฌ๋ง์ง์—…, ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ผํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๊ต์œก๋ด‰์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ž„์šฉ๊ณ ์‚ฌ ์‘์‹œ ์˜์‚ฌ)ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 2016๋…„ 10์›” 14์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2016๋…„ 12์›” 9์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€์— ์žฌ์ง ์ค‘์ธ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘์ธ ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์†กํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋’ค ๋‹ค์‹œ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 580๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 523๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ˆ˜(90.2%)๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์„ฑ์‹คํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์ž ๋ฐ ์ด์ƒ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 515๋ถ€์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ํšจ์ž๋ฃŒ์œจ์€ 83.3%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์ฐจ์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๋กœ๊ฒฐ์ • ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„๋กœํƒ์ƒ‰(๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํƒ์ƒ‰, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํƒ์ƒ‰), ์ง„๋กœ์ „๋…(์ง„๋กœ์ „๋…ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์ง„๋กœ์ „๋…ํ™•์‹ ), ์ง„๋กœ์žฌ๊ณ (์ง„๋กœ์ž๊ธฐ์˜์‹ฌ, ์ง„๋กœ์œ ๋™์„ฑ)์˜ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์›์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ํ˜• ๊ฐ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS 21.0 for Windows๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์€ 5%๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์€ 6๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์ทจํ˜•, ํƒ์ƒ‰์œ ์˜ˆํ˜•, ํ˜ผ๋ฏธํ˜•, ์œ ์‹คํ˜•, ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ˜•, ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์œ ํ˜•์ธ ์„ฑ์ทจํ˜•์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ 14.8%์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜ผ๋ฏธํ˜•, ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ˜•, ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ˜•์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์•ฝ 53.7%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์€ ํŽธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ํ™•๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ง„๋กœ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ธ(์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€, ์ „๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์—… ๊ธฐ๋Œ€, ์ง„ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ, ํฌ๋ง์ง์—…), ์ „๊ณตํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ธ(์ „๊ณต ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ผํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๊ต์œก๋ด‰์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—ฌ๋ถ€, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ž„์šฉ๊ณ ์‚ฌ ์‘์‹œ ์˜์‚ฌ)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ธ ์ค‘ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€, ์ „๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์—… ๊ธฐ๋Œ€, ์ง„ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ, ํฌ๋ง์ง์—…, ์ „๊ณตํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ธ ์ค‘ ์ „๊ณต ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ผํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๊ต์œก๋ด‰์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ž„์šฉ๊ณ ์‚ฌ ์‘์‹œ ์˜ˆ์ • ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ณ€์ธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ฑ์ทจํ˜•์œ ํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํƒ์ƒ‰์œ ์˜ˆํ˜•์œ ํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ง€์ง€, ์ง„ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹ ๋งŒ์กฑ, ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ผํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ผ๋ฏธํ˜•์œ ํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ง€์ง€, ์ง„ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹ ๋งŒ์กฑ, ๊ต์œก๋ด‰์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์‹คํ˜•์œ ํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ง€์ง€, ์ง„ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹ ๋งŒ์กฑ์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ˜•์œ ํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์ ์ง€์ง€, ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ง€์ง€, ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ง€์ง€, ์ง„ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹ ๋งŒ์กฑ, ๊ต์œก๋ด‰์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ˜•์œ ํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ง€์ง€, ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ์ง€์ง€, ์ง„ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์‹ ๋งŒ์กฑ์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ต์› ์ž„์šฉ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…ํ•™๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กธ์—…๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ์–‘์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข…๋‹จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 4. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 4 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ 5 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 1. ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 6 2. ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜• 11 3. ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜• ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 28 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 37 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 37 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 38 3. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„๊ตฌ 39 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 46 5. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 48 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 50 1. ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ†ต๊ณ„์น˜ 50 2. ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 51 3. ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ง„๋กœ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 55 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 74 V. ์š”์•ฝ, ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 80 1. ์š”์•ฝ 80 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  82 3. ์ œ์–ธ 83 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 86 ๋ถ€๋ก 99 Abstract 106Maste

    Family stress and anger of middle-aged women

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ,2007.Maste

    ํ†ตํ–‰์ž ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ํ†ตํ–‰๋ถ„ํฌ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ๊ฐ•๋‚จ๊ตฌยท์„œ์ดˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฉ์  ํ†ตํ–‰์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ ๊ตํ†ต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ „๊ณต,2002.Maste

    Multiculturalism and Policy Orientation for Foreigners: A Focus on the Perception of Public Servants

    No full text
    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง‘ํ–‰์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ธ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์ด ์ฆํญ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์ •ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์ธ์ข…ยท๋‹ค๋ฏผ์กฑยท๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ๋‹ค์ธ์ข…ยท๋‹ค๋ฏผ์กฑยท๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€์›์  ์ž…์žฅ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ? ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋ช…ํ™•ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€์˜ 610๋ช…์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Along with multicultural society, there is an increase in policy measurers and programs for foreigners in Korea, which has traditionally been identified as a monocultural society. In this context, this study raises the following questions. To what extent do public servants accept social diversity based on ethnicity? In what ways do public servants perceive policy orientations for foreigners? Are they supportive of social diversity or multiculturalism? Do they perceive multiculturalism as a social threat? Which policy orientations (disdimination/exclusion-assimilation-multiculturalism) do they prefer? In order to find answers, this study conducted a survey of 610 public servants in the central government. The findings show that public servants are relatively positive towards multiculturalism. Preference for groups of foreigners depends highly on social instrumentality in terms of the potential contribution of each group
    corecore