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    ๋„์‹œ ๋…ธํ›„์ธํ”„๋ผ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 2. ๊ถŒ์˜์ƒ.๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋˜ 1970๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋„์‹œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์ด ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”๋œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ์„ค์ด๊ธฐ์— ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ์‹œ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ตํ†ต์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋ณดํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”๋œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ€๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ธธ์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฐ ์ฒญ๊ณ„์ฒœ, ์ฒ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ•˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ถ€๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ ๋“ฑ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ด๊ณ , ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์ฒ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•œ ๋‰ด์š• ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ธ ํŒŒํฌ, ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ•˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ƒ๋ถ€๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ๋น…๋”• ํŒŒํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„์‹œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ธธ๊ณผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฉ๋„์™€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ธธ์€ ์—ฐ๋‚จ๋™ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ์œผ๋กœ, ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธธ์€ ํ™๋Œ€ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋Œ€์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์šฉ๋„, ์‹ ยท์ฆ์ถ•, ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€, ์ถ”์ •๋งค์ถœ์•ก, ์ถ”์ •์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์šฉ๋„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ, ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์šฉ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œ๊ธฐ(Phase 3)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์‹ ยท์ฆ์ถ•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ ์กฐ์„ฑ์‹œ๊ธฐ(Phase 4)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณตํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ๋…ธ์„ ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ , ์ƒ๋ถ€๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๊ณต์›ํ™” ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ธธ(๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ)๊ณผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธธ(๊ฑท๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ)์—์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์šฉ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„์œจ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐ€์ฐฉํ˜• ์šฉ๋„๋“ค(์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ฒŒ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜์šฐ์Šค, ์ฒด๋ ฅ๋‹จ๋ จ์žฅ ๋“ฑ)์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„๊ด€๋ จํ˜• ์šฉ๋„๋“ค(์ผ๋ฐ˜์Œ์‹์ , ํ•™์›, ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ)์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆฒ๊ธธ๊ณผ ๋งž๋‹ฟ์€ ์ „๋ฉด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์šฐ์„ธํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฉด๋ถ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์•˜๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฉด๋ถ€์™€ ์ด๋ฉด๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด ์šฐ์„ธํ•œ ์šฉ๋„์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆฒ๊ธธ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฉ๋„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์ „๋ฉด๋ถ€์— ์น˜์šฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ธธ(๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ)๊ณผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธธ(๊ฑท๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ)์—์„œ ์šฉ๋„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋„์™€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋‘ ๊ธธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณต์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€์™€ ์ถ”์ •๋งค์ถœ์•ก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฉ๋„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ถ”์ •์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ์€ ์šฉ๋„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋œ ์ˆฒ๊ธธ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€์šฉ๋„๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ณต์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ์™€ ์™ธ์‹์—…์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณต์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ •๋งค์ถœ์•ก ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ์‹์—… ๋น„์œจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ์‹์—… ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์†Œ๋งค์—… ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ •์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ์€ ์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„์†Œ๋งค์—…์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๋…ธํ›„ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ๋งŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋„“์€ ์ƒ๋ถ€๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด, ์šฉ๋„์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌ์ƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋‚™ํ›„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.1. ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 1.3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4 2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 5 2.1. ๋„์‹œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์‹œ์„ค 5 2.1.1. ์ •์˜ 5 2.1.2. ๋„์‹œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™” 6 2.2. ๋„์‹œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์‹œ์„ค ์žฌ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 8 2.2.1. ๋‰ด์š• ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ธ ํŒŒํฌ 8 2.2.2. ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ๋น…๋”• ํŒŒํฌ 10 2.2.3. ํ† ๋ผ๋…ธ๋ชฌ ํž์Šค 11 2.2.4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 12 2.3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 13 2.3.1. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์š”์•ฝ 13 2.3.2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 14 2.4. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 15 2.4.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ์„ค์ • 15 2.4.2. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 17 3. ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ ์žฌ์ƒ๊ณผ์ • 27 3.1. ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ ์žฌ์ƒ 27 3.2. ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 31 3.2.1. ์šฉ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 31 3.2.2. ์‹ ยท์ฆ์ถ• ๋ณ€ํ™” 34 3.2.3. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ ๋ณ€ํ™” 36 4. ๊ฒฝ์˜์„  ์ˆฒ๊ธธ ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ 38 4.1. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์š” 38 4.2. ์šฉ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 39 4.2.1. ๊ธธ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์šฉ๋„๋น„๊ต 39 4.2.2. ์ „๋ฉดยท์ด๋ฉด ๋‹จ์œ„ ์šฉ๋„๋น„๊ต 40 4.2.3. ์šฉ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 45 4.3. ์šฉ๋„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋„์™€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์„  46 4.3.1. ์šฉ๋„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋„ 46 4.3.2. ์šฉ๋„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋„์™€ ๊ณต์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ 52 4.3.3. ์šฉ๋„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋„์™€ ์ถ”์ •๋งค์ถœ์•ก 58 4.3.4. ์šฉ๋„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋„์™€ ์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ 65 4.3.5, ์šฉ๋„ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋„์™€ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์„  ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 72 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  73 5.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 73 5.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์˜์˜์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 76 5.3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ 77 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 78 Abstract 80Maste

    Associating Intake Proportion of Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein with All-Cause Mortality in Korean Adults

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    Determining the ideal ratio of macronutrients for increasing life expectancy remains a high priority in nutrition research. We aim to investigate the association between carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake and all-cause mortality in Koreans. This cohort study investigated 42,192 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) linked with causes of death data (2007-2015). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using the multivariable Cox proportional regression model after adjusting for confounders. We documented 2110 deaths during the follow-up period. Time to exceed 1% of the all-cause mortality rate was longest in participants with 50-60% carbohydrate, 30-40% fat, and 20-30% protein intake. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was 1.313 (1.031-1.672, p = 0.0272) for <50% carbohydrate intake, 1.322 (1.116-1.567, p = 0.0013) for โ‰ฅ60% carbohydrate intake, 1.439 (1.018-2.035, p = 0.0394) for <30% fat intake, and 3.255 (1.767-5.997, p = 0.0002) for โ‰ฅ40% fat intake. There was no significant association between protein intake proportion and all-cause mortality. We found a U-shaped association between all-cause mortality and carbohydrate intake as well as fat intake, with minimal risk observed at 50-60% carbohydrate and 30-40% fat intake. Our findings suggest current Korean dietary guidelines should be revised to prolong life expectancy.ope

    Hyperhidrosis, Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy, and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Cohort Study Based on the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database

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    Sympathetic overactivity is associated with hyperhidrosis and cardiovascular diseases. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is a treatment for hyperhidrosis. We aimed to compare the risk for cardiovascular events between individuals with and without hyperhidrosis and investigate the effects of ETS on cardiovascular outcomes. We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using data acquired from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Subjects newly diagnosed with hyperhidrosis in 2010 were identified and divided into two groups according to whether or not they underwent ETS. Propensity scores were calculated using a logistic regression model to match hyperhidrosis patients with control subjects. Combined cardiovascular events were defined as stroke and ischemic heart diseases. Subjects were followed up until the first cardiovascular event or 31 December 2017. The risk for cardiovascular events with hyperhidrosis and ETS was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The risk for stroke was significantly higher in the hyperhidrosis group than in the control group (hazard ratio (HR), 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.51); nonetheless, no significant difference in the risk for ischemic heart diseases was observed between the hyperhidrosis group and the control group (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.99-1.31). Hyperhidrosis patients who did not undergo ETS were at significantly higher risk for cardiovascular events than the control group (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.45). However, no significant difference in the risk for cardiovascular events was observed between hyperhidrosis patients who underwent ETS and the control group. Hyperhidrosis increases the risk for cardiovascular events. ETS could reduce this risk and needs to be considered for high-risk patients with cardiovascular diseases.ope

    Radiotherapy-Induced High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio is a Negative Prognostic Factor in Patients with Breast Cancer

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    Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard of care following breast-conserving operation in breast cancer patients. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects the systemic change caused as a result of the radiotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the association between RT and the change in NLR following the receipt of RT, and to investigate the prognostic impact. We retrospectively reviewed NLR values of breast cancer patients taken before the administration of the first and the last session of RT. The cut-off point for the NLR was determined using the Youden index and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve within the training set. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), distant metastasis free survival, and overall survival were the main outcomes. Patients with an NLR higher than 3.49 after RT were classified to an RT-induced high NLR group and showed a significantly higher recurrence rate compared to those with low NLR (p < 0.001). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, RT-induced high NLR remained a significant prognostic factor (HR 2.194, 95% CI 1.230-3.912, p = 0.008 for tumor recurrence. We demonstrated that an increase in NLR over the course of RT has a negative impact on survival, putting these patients with RT-susceptible host immunity at a higher risk of tumor recurrence.ope

    ๋ฆฌํŠฌ์ด์˜จ ์ „์ง€์˜ ์–‘๊ทน์ „๊ทน ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์ ˆ๋‹จ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณตํ•™์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์‘์šฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ๊ณ ์Šนํ™˜.International agreements to limit the use of fossil fuels and global interest in eco-friendly energy have accelerated the development of renewable energy sources. Since the development of the first lithium-ion battery in the 1990s, it has continued to develop and has become an indispensable factor in our daily lives. Increasing productivity is essential to meeting this explosive demand. In order to do so, it is necessary to enhance efficiency in each manufacturing process and improve productivity by reducing the process time by introducing the latest technologies. One such effort is laser cutting of electrodes. The purpose of this study was to find suitable laser sources for the electrode cutting process using laser that had been studied for a long time, and to compare and prove the results after testing with two types of laser. The positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery coated with LiFePO4 on both sides of the Aluminum foil was tested and analyzed using two lasers. All possible parameters of each laser were tested, the results of each laser's parameters were compared, and the parameters showing good cut quality were found. For all the parameters tested, the cut edge and cross-section pictures were taken using SEM and microscope, and all four defined factors for the cut quality evaluation were measured. The thickness of the thin samples made it difficult to measure the exact dimensions but tried to obtain the most accurate values. For all the parameters tested, SEM pictures and microscope were qualitatively assessed in order to see how the cut quality changed according to the parameter changes, and the measured values of the cut quality assessment factors were graphed and quantitatively evaluated. The cut samples were analyzed using EDX equipment to find out the changes in components after cutting around cut edge and cross section by selecting one of the samples tested with each laser. And tried to analyze the cause of phenomena theoretically from the perspective of laser-material interaction by selecting some of the results of each laser. From the results of CW laser experiments, if the heat input is less than 0.2J/mm, Particle and debris are not visible around cut edge in all power intensities. And when power intensities are 1.44x108 W/cm2 and above, the metal of cut edge is also smooth, and solidified melts are not covered in the cross section and look neat. In the same heat input, it can be seen that the higher the power intensity, the better the cut quality. when the heat input was approximately 0.2J/mm, the power intensity about 2x108 W/cm2 showed the best cut quality in CW experiment. The principal causes of the results of the CW experiment assumed that the relatively low peak power and the resulting power intensity caused incomplete evaporation and that boiling became the main mechanism of the material removal, leaving the larger size of droplets around the cut line. From the results of Pulsed laser experiments, especially noticeable is the metal edges that are uneven and protrude in many places. And the exposed metal color is darker than the CW results. overall the cut section is covered with material of re-solidified molten, the width of the metal is excessively expanded, and its shape is very rough. It shows better quality at 60ns and 90ns than 30ns, and at 600kHz and 800kHz of 90ns, there are fewer parts around cut edges, and the width of HAZs is narrow. the best result is observed at 90ns, 600kHz, 800 ~1000mm/sec. and the other physical values are pulse energy 0.33mJ, power intensity 1.06x109W/cm2 and overlap rate of 93.7%. it is evident that different laser-material interactions occurred at 30ns and 90ns. At 30ns the samples would have been subjected to a violent response due to the high-power intensity, and at 90ns the lower power intensity would have given a relatively benign response. It is assumed that the material removal mechanism at 30ns is vaporization and boiling at 90ns. In other words, theoretically, the different ablation mechanism took place at each pulse duration. Based on this study, it was found that the results of CW are superior to the results of pulsed, given the lasers used in this experiment. If the goal of this study is to find which ablation mechanism is appropriate for cut quality, then it seems that the ablation mechanism occurred in the CW experiment was more appropriate for cathode electrode of LiFePO4 battery.ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ํ˜‘์˜์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ฐ€์†์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. Li-Ion Battery๋Š” 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ, ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์—†์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ตœ์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ณต์ •์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ Li-Ion Battery์˜ ์ „๊ทน ์ ˆ๋‹จ์— Laser๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ „๊ทน ์ ˆ๋‹จ ๊ณต์ •์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ Laser ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ Laser๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ „๊ทน ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” Aluminum Foil์˜ ์–‘๋ฉด์— ํ™œ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ LiFePO4์ด ์ฝ”ํŒ…๋œ Li-Ion Battery์˜ ์–‘๊ทน ์ „๊ทน ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์ „๊ทน ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ง„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” Single Mode CW Laser์™€ High power Pulsed Laser๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €์˜ ์„ค์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋‹จ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •์„ฑ์  ๋ฐ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด SEM๊ณผ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด Cut edge ๋ฐ Cross-section ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ˆ๋‹จ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์˜ํ•œ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ด์šฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ, ํŠน์ • ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ์ ˆ๋‹จ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋‹จ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์š”์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ํ™” ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถ”์„ธ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” EDX ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ Cut edge ๋ฐ Cross-section ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ๋‹จ ํ›„ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €์™€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๊ฐ Laser์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ Cut quality์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ Laser์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. CW ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, Heat Input์ด 0.2J/mm ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ cut edge ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— particles ๋ฐ debris and cracks ๋ชจ๋“  ์ถœ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Power Intensity๊ฐ€ 1.44x108 W/cm2 ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ท ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , Cross-section์—์„œ๋„ ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธต์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๊ณ  ์žฌ ์‘๊ณ ๋œ ์šฉ์œต์ฒด๋„ ๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ Heat Input์ผ ๋•Œ, Power Intensity๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Heat Input ๋Œ€๋žต 0.2J/mm์ด๊ณ , Power Intensity๊ฐ€ 2x108 W/cm2 ์ผ ๋•Œ, CW ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ ˆ๋‹จ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. CW ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ Peak Power์™€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋‚ฎ์€ Power Intensity๋กœ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ Vaporization์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Boiling์ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋” ํฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ Metal Particles ๋“ค์ด ์ปท ๋ผ์ธ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์œ ์ถ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Pulsed ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋œ ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Exposed metal์˜ ์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ CW ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋‘ก๋‹ค. Cross-section์€ ์žฌ ์‘๊ณ ๋œ ์šฉ์œต์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ์–ด ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. Metal์ธ Aluminum์˜ ํญ์€ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ท ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑฐ์น ์–ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ Cut edge์™€ Cross-section ๋ชจ๋‘ 30ns๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” 60ns์™€ 90ns์—์„œ cut quality๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 90ns์˜ 600kHz์™€ 800kHz์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋‹จ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— Particles ๋‚˜ debris๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ๊ณ  HAZ์˜ ํญ์ด ์ข์•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ ˆ๋‹จ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์€ 90ns, 600kHz, 800~1000mm/sec์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ’์€ Pulse Energy 0.33mJ, Power Intensity 1.06x109W/cm2 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Overlap rate๋Š” 93.7%์˜€๋‹ค. 30ns์—์„œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ๋†’์€ Power Intensity๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๊ณ , 90ns์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ Power Intensity๋กœ ์˜จํ™”ํ•œํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 30ns์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด Vaporization์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, 90ns์—์„œ๋Š” Boiling ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฃผ ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋กœ๋งŒ ํ•œ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, CW์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ Pulsed์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ „๊ทน ์ ˆ๋‹จ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์— ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ๋‹จ ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ Laser ํƒ€์ž…์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ cut quality๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ œ์กฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Laser๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ „๊ทน ์ ˆ๋‹จ ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ Laser์˜ ์„ ์ •์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 01 1.1 Back ground of Study 01 1.2 Purpose of Research 02 Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Laser 04 2.1 Introduction to LASER 04 2.2 Operation fundamentals 05 2.3 Fiber Laser fundamentals 09 2.4 Laser Beam Optics 20 2.5 Laser Material Processing 28 Chapter 3. Lithium Ion Battery 31 3.1 Lithium-Ion Battery(LIB) 31 3.2 Li-Ion Battery Cell Manufacturing Process 39 3.3 Electrodes Cutting Process 40 Chapter 4. Literature Review on Laser Electrode Cutting 44 4.1 Literature review on laser electrode cutting 44 Chapter 5. Laser Ablation Principles 52 5.1 Laser Ablation Principles 53 5.2 Material Removal Mechanism 53 5.3 Threshold Irradiance. 58 5.4 Plasma Effects 58 Chapter 6. Experiments and Analysis 60 6.1 Experimental Setup 60 6.2 Test Specimen 61 6.3 Experiments 66 6.4 Analysis of Results 68 6.5 Summary 105 Chapter 7. Conclusion and Future work 110 7.1 Conclusion 110 7.2 Future Work 117 Bibliography 118 Abstract in Korean 123Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•…์•ˆ๋ฉด์™ธ๊ณผํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2011.2. ์ •ํ•„ํ›ˆ.Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ฒฝ์˜, 2015. 2. ์ •์˜๋ชฉ, ์ •์ƒ์กฐ.์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์€ ์ €์ž‘์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ณตํ‘œ๊ถŒ, ์„ฑ๋ช…ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ถŒ, ๋™์ผ์„ฑ์œ ์ง€๊ถŒ์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์ €์ž‘์ž ์ธ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €์ž‘์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋น„ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์  ์ด์ต์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ3์ž๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์™œ๊ณก์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์„ ๋”์šฑ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•„์ž๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํƒ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์ €์ž‘์ž์ธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ์— ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์›์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ์ž์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์ž์ธ ๊ณต์ค‘, ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์„ค์น˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํƒ€ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ž ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์€ ํƒ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ €์ž‘์ž 1์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๊ถŒ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ ์ œํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋จผ์ € ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์Ÿ์ ์„ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ž์™€ ์ €์ž‘์ž์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์Ÿ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ์œ ์ง€๊ถŒ๊ณผ์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ, ์žฅ์†ŒํŠน์ •์  ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ๋™์ผ์„ฑ์œ ์ง€๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์—…๋ฌด์ƒ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ, ์œ„ํƒ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™์ฐฝ์ž‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ ๊ท€์†์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณต์ค‘์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํŒ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž…๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์™ธ์— ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ ์Ÿ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ํ‘œ์ค€๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์— ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ  ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์œ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ๊ณต์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์พŒ์ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„๋ชจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์ €์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ œํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ž…๋ฒ•๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ๏ผ‘์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ๏ผ’์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ œํ•œ 7 ์ œ๏ผ‘์ ˆ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 7 1. ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „ 7 2. ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ 9 3. ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์ œํ•œ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 11 ์ œ๏ผ’์ ˆ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 13 1. ๋ฒ ๋ฅธํ˜‘์•ฝ 13 2. ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋ฒ•๊ณ„ 14 3. ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฒ•๊ณ„ 22 ์ œ๏ผ“์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ œํ•œ 34 1. ๊ณตํ‘œ๊ถŒ 34 2. ์„ฑ๋ช…ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ถŒ 37 3. ๋™์ผ์„ฑ์œ ์ง€๊ถŒ 42 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ 47 ์ œ๏ผ‘์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ 47 1. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ 47 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ 51 ์ œ๏ผ’์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์œ ํ™”์™€ ์ €์ž์˜ ํ™•์žฅ 56 1. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์žฌ์›(่ฒกๆบ)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์œ ํ™”(็งๆœ‰ๅŒ–) 56 2. ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๊ด€๊ฐ: ๋Œ€์ค‘(mass)์—์„œ ๊ณต์ค‘(public)์œผ๋กœ 59 ์ œ๏ผ“์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์Ÿ์  61 1. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ž์™€ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ 61 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์ €์ž‘์ž์™€ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ 70 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ œํ•œ 81 ์ œ๏ผ‘์ ˆ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ ์ œํ•œ ์‹œ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ 81 ์ œ๏ผ’์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ ์ œํ•œ 83 1. ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ œํ•œ 83 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ œํ•œ 89 ์ œ๏ผ“์ ˆ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ์ œ์•ˆ 93 1. ํ‘œ์ค€๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 93 2. ์ €์ž‘์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ ์กฐํ•ญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ 95 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  102 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 105 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋„ ํŒ 114 Abstract 116Maste

    Uber die Wahrheit bei Thomas von Aquin -Die Wahrheit der menschlichen Erkenntnis-

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง„๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ์ง„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก  ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘ ์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋‹ค. ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ์ „์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์•…๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ ฅ์€ ๋น„๋กœ ์†Œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ์‹์€ ์ง€๊ฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ง€ ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์œ„์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์„ฑ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์ด ํŒŒ์•…๋œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ด์„ฑ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋งŒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ ์ด์„ฑ์ด ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์„ฑ ์•ˆ์— ์ง„๋ฆฌ์™€ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์•ˆ์—๋„ ์ง„๋ฆฌ์™€ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธ์‹์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์‹  ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ์•…๊ณผ ์ธ์‹์—์„œ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด๋‹ค. ํŒ๋‹จ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ ์ด ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํŒ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŒ๋‹จ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ธธ๋กœ์„œ ์ธ์‹ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ง„๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ฐ์„ ํ†  ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ธ์‹ ๋ถ„์„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง„๋ฆฌ์™€ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2006๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ต์œก์ธ์ ์ž์›๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(KRF-2006-321-A00447)

    A Study on Expression of Life in Trace of Time and Its Accumulation

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋™์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์‹ ํ•˜์ˆœ.๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2014๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”์ ๊ณผ ์ถ•์ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ์ฐฝ์ž‘์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ชฉ์ , ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ, ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์กฐํ˜•์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ํ‘œํ˜„๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›„์† ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ํšŒํ™” ์ž‘์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋งŒ ๊ทธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ˜„ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‚ถ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘์—… ์ฃผ์ œ์™€๋„ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ํฌ๋กœ๋…ธ์Šค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์ด์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ , ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์นด์ด๋กœ์Šค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ•์ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ์ง€๋ผ๋„, ํšŒํ™”์— ๋‹ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ๊ธ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋‹ด์•˜๋˜ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ์€, ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์ฒด๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ์ด๋ก ์ , ํ•™์ˆ ์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜์–ด, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํšŒํ™”์™€ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„๋งค์ฒด์ด๊ธฐ์—, ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ™”, ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ์ดํ›„์— ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ œโ… ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ๋‹ด์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ œ์ž‘์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์˜จ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋žตํžˆ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œโ…ก์žฅ์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘์—… ๋ถ„์„์— ์•ž์„œ, ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ œ์ž‘์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ธ์‹์ธ ์ˆœํ™˜์ , ์ง์„ ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ํฌ๋กœ๋…ธ์Šค์™€ ์นด์ด๋กœ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‘œ์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œโ…ข์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ž์žฅ์—์„œ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ด€ ์ค‘ ํฌ๋กœ๋…ธ์Šค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1์ ˆ์€ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ, ๋จผ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์  ์†Œ์žฌ์ธ ๋‹ด์Ÿ์ด์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ณผ ์žŽ๋งฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ƒ์ง•๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์–ด์„œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์กฑํ”์ ๊ณผ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œโ…ฃ์žฅ์€ ์นด์ด๋กœ์Šค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ธ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ•์ ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์กฐํ˜•์  ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์Œ“๊ธฐ(Build)' ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ, ์ฑ„์ƒ‰๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—์„œ์˜ ์Œ“๊ธฐ์ธ ์ค‘์ฒฉ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ โ…ค์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋ก ์— ์„œ์ˆ ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋…ผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก โ…ฐ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ณ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ๋ก โ…ต ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋„ํŒ โ…ท โ… . ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง 1 โ…ก. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ƒ 5 1. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ธ์‹ 6 1) ์ˆœํ™˜์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 7 2) ์ง์„ ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 9 2. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‘œ์ƒ 10 1) ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํฌ๋กœ๋…ธ์Šค 12 2) ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์นด์ด๋กœ์Šค 14 โ…ข. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”์ ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ 18 1. ์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ์™€ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 19 1) ์ƒ์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋‹ด์Ÿ์ด 21 2) ์„ (็ทš)๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ ํ‘œํ˜„ 23 2. ์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ์™€ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 28 1) ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋‹ฎ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด 29 2) ์กฑํ”์ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ฌดํ˜•์ƒ ํ‘œํ˜„ 30 โ…ฃ. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ•์ ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ 37 1. ์ถ•์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์€์œ ์  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค 39 1) ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์กฐํ˜•์  ํŠน์ง• 41 2) ์€์œ ์  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค 50 2. ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 59 1) ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ•์ ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒํ™” 60 2) ์Œ“๊ธฐ(Build)์™€ ์ค‘์ฒฉ 62 โ…ค. ๋งบ์Œ๋ง 66 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 69 ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋„ํŒ 71 Abstract 96Maste

    The life and art of No Su-Hyun

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    Simsan (No Su-Hyun), one of the most important Korean painters in modern times, is not correctly evaluated. This essay is aimed to examine his works briefly and evaluate him as a painter in the modern Korean arts. Many of his paintings (mostly landscapes) described the idealistic landscapes of Korea. Another influential painter, Chungjun (Lee Sang-Bum), one of his fellow painters, had been interested in painting Korean landscapes lyrically. The idealism of Simsan and the lyrically of Chungjun are both the results of their lift-long study of Korean traditional paintings. They had been taught by a teacher, named Simjun (An Jung-Sik), so their early paintings are similar to each other, and sometimes the same in the atmosphere and the technique. But the idealism of Simsan and the lyricism of Chungjun were emerging gradually throughout their career. The two kinds of attitudes for Korean traditional paintings were completed in their old age. We have appreciated their efforts and their accomplishments. Every student of Korean art should be required to study the two kinds of attitudes and develop Korean traditional paintings
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