41 research outputs found

    ์ปคํ”„๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ˜• ์—ฐ์† ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ „๊ณต, 2019. 2. ๊น€ํฌ์ฐฌ.๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋งฅํŒŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„ (Pulse transit time, PTT) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ๊ด‘ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งฅํŒŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก์ • ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งฅํŒŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••(Systolic blood pressure, SBP) ์ถ”์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋งฅํŒŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งฅํŒŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ ์ค‘ ๋งฅํŒŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด‘์šฉ์ ๋งฅํŒŒ (Photoplethysmogram, PPG) ์™€ ์‹ฌ์ง„๋„ (Seismocardiogram, SCG)๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šด ์ฐฉ์šฉํ˜• ๋‹จ์ผ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹ฌ์ง„๋„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ ํŒ๋ง‰์˜ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์„, ๊ด‘์šฉ์ ๋งฅํŒŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งฅํŒŒ์˜ ๋„์ฐฉ ์‹œ์ ์„ ํŠน์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งฅํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋ชจ์™€ ์†Œํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ๋งฅํŒŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ฐฉ์šฉ์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๊ธ‰๊ฐ„๋‚ด์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜(Intra-class correlation, ICC) ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  (ICC >0.8), ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‹ฌ์ง„๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ ํŒ๋ง‰์˜ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์˜ ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์‹ฌ์ €ํ•ญ์‹ ํ˜ธ(Impedancecardiogram, ICG)์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(r=0.79ยฑ0.14). ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋งฅํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ์ถ”์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์‹ฌ์ง„๋„์˜ ์ง„ํญ๊ณผ ๋งฅํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ถ”์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋งฅํŒŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜น์€ ๋งฅํŒŒ๋„๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„ (Pulse arrival time, PAT) ๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ต์ •์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ (1) ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋งฅํŒŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜น์€ ๋งฅํŒŒ๋„๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ถ”์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , (๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ˆ๋Œ€์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” 4.57, 6.01, 6,11 mmHg ์˜€๋‹ค.) (2) ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ต์ •์ ˆ์ฐจ๋งŒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ถ”์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, (3) ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ์•ฝ ์—†์ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฉ์šฉํ˜• ์—ฐ์† ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋งฅํŒŒ์ „๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์ง„๋„์˜ ์ง„ํญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ฐ์† ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ”, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ํ—ฌ์Šค์ผ€์–ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring is needed in daily life to enable early detection of hypertension and improve control of BP for hypertensive patients. Although the pulse transit time (PTT)-based BP estimation represents one of most promising approaches, its use in daily life is limited owing to the requirement of multi systems to measure PTT, and its performance in systolic blood pressure (SBP) estimation is not yet satisfactory. The first goal of this study is to develop a wearable system providing convenient measurement of the PTT, which facilitates continuous BP monitoring based on PTT in daily life. A single chest-worn device was developed measuring a photoplethysmogram (PPG) and a seismocardiogram (SCG) simultaneously, thereby obtaining PTT by using the SCG as timing reference of the aortic valve opening and the PPG as timing reference of pulse arrival. The presented device was designed to be compact and convenient to use, and to last for 24h by reducing power consumption of the system. The consistency of BP related parameters extracted from the system including PTT between repetitive measurements was verified by an intra-class correlation analysis, and it was over 0.8 for all parameters. In addition, the use of SCG as timing reference of the aortic valve opening was verified by comparing it with an impedance cardiogram (r = 0.79 ยฑ 0.14). Secondly, the algorithm improving the performance of the SBP estimation was developed by using the presented system. A multivariate model using SCG amplitude (SA) in conjunction with PTT was proposed for SBP estimation, and was compared with conventional models using only PTT or pulse arrival time (PAT) in various interventions inducing BP changes. Furthermore, we validated the proposed model against the general population with a simple calibration process and verified its potential for daily use. The results suggested that (1) the proposed model, which employed SA in conjunction with PTT for SBP estimation, outperformed the conventional univariate model using PTT or PAT (the mean absolute errors were of 4.57, 6.01, and 6.11 for the proposed, PTT, and PAT models, respectively)(2) for practical use, the proposed model showed potential to be generalized with a simple calibrationand (3) the proposed model and system demonstrated the potential for continuous BP monitoring in daily life without any intervention of users or regulations. In conclusion, the presented system provides an improved performance of continuous BP monitoring in daily life by using a combination of PTT and SA with a convenient and compact single chest-worn device, and thus, it can contribute to mobile healthcare services.CONTENTS Abstract i Contents v List of Tables ix List of Figures xi List of Abbreviations xvi Chapter 1 1 General Introduction 1.1. Blood pressure 2 1.2. Pulse transit time 6 1.3. Thesis objective 12 Chapter 2 14 Development of the Wearable Blood Pressure Monitoring System 2.1. Introduction 15 2.2. System overview 17 2.3. Bio-signal instrumentation 21 2.4. Power management 24 2.5. PCB and case design 25 2.6. Software Design 27 2.7. Signal Processing 30 2.8. Experimental setup 34 2.8.1. Repeatability test 34 2.8.2. Verification of SCG-based PEP 35 2.9. Results and Discussion 38 2.9.1. Repeatability test 38 2.9.2. Verification of SCG-based PEP 40 Chapter 3 43 Enhancement of PTT based BP estimation 3.1. Introduction 44 3.2. Method 47 3.2.1. Principle of BP estimation 47 3.2.2. Subjects 49 3.2.3. Study protocol 50 3.2.4. Data collection 56 3.2.5. Data analysis 60 3.2.6. Evaluation standard 64 3.3. Results 67 3.4. Discussion 96 Chapter 4 113 Conclusion 4.1. Thesis Summary and Contributions 114 4.2. Future Direction 116 Bibliography 118 Abstract in Korean 128Docto

    Using small datasets to CNN models

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ •๋ณดํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2022. 8. ์ฒœ์ข…์‹.This study aimed to compare the performance, strengths, and weaknesses of machine learning models based on convolutional neural networks and models not based on it; and analyzed the performance of various machine learning models according to the type and purpose of the given data. As a large number of data can be used with the continuous development of hardware, the possibility of machine learning using large datasets has already been sufficiently verified. Therefore, this study confirmed that using a relatively small gut microbiome dataset, machine learning models that predict a host could be designed with significant accuracy with appropriate tuning and loss function setting. In this study, the operations of machine learning models were compared using a fecal microbiome dataset(4108 samples, 672 species). The training and validation dataset is a small subset of entire microbiome data(871 samples, 34 species). And it was shown that there was a difference in performance depending on the problem situation settings like the complexity of the data and the prediction purpose of ML models. As a result of the study, the convolutional neural network based models had the disadvantages of using more resources and taking a long time to learn. However, they maintained high accuracy compared to other discriminative models that were lumpy-labeled or more complex. Conversely, the models that did not use the convolutional neural network showed similar performance to the neural network-based model in discriminating simple data and accurately labeled data, with simple construction and learning. In addition, it was confirmed that the machine learning model could be used sufficiently even on a small dataset through appropriate design adjustments and function settings. Summarizing the results, machine learning methods can verify data labeling of large datasets using a relatively small number of accurately labeled data. This can be used to check the labeling accuracy of large datasets that have been published as open-source before use in research.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์žฅ๋‹จ์  ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์„ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ผ๋ฒจ๋ง์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์กฐ์ • ๋ฐ ์†์‹ค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์„ค์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ณ€ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์„ธํŠธ(์ƒ˜ํ”Œ 4108๊ฐœ, 672์ข…)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋จธ์‹  ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ(871๊ฐœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ, 34์ข…)๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์„ธํŠธ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณต์žก๋„์™€ ML ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชฉ์  ๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์„ค์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณต์žก๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”์ด ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์„ค์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”์ด ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ” ์ง€์ • ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Prior Research Review . 4 Chapter 2.1 The reasons that ML methods are used to analyze complex and enormous datasets 4 Chapter 2.2 Example of an ML model for host prediction. . 6 Chapter 2.3 Example of CNN model trained on small datasets 9 Chapter 3. Host Prediction using ML Models . 12 Chapter 3.1 Host Prediction Pipeline . 12 Chapter 3.2 ML Tools 13 Chapter 3.3 Situation Settings . 16 Chapter 4. Results . 19 Chapter 4.1 Accuracy Comparison 19 Chapter 4.2 Discussion 25 Chapter 4. Conclusion . 28 Reference 30 Abstract in Korean 35์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ๊น€์˜์ง„.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ์ž์‚ฐ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ž์‚ฐ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ค‘ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ์— 75% ์ด์ƒ ํŽธ์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ ์ค‘ ํŽ€๋“œ, ์ฃผ์‹, ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํˆฌ์žํ˜• ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๋น„์ค‘๋„ ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 12%์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ˜• ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ์— ํŽธ์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋ถ„์†Œ๋“๋Œ€๋น„ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž์‚ฐ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๋„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ† ์ง€์™€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ˜• ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ์— ๋ฌถ์—ฌ ๋ˆ์˜ ๋™๋งฅ๊ฒฝํ™”(๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด๋Ÿด: money spiral)์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์˜ ๋Šช์œผ๋กœ ๋น ์งˆ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ํ–‰, ๊ธˆ์œต๊ฐ๋…์› ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๊ธˆ์œต๋ณต์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ(2010๋…„~2013๋…„) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž์‚ฐ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ STATA ํ†ต๊ณ„ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ ๋น„์ค‘, ๊ธˆ์œตํˆฌ์ž์ž์‚ฐ ๋น„์ค‘, ์œ„ํ—˜๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ ๋น„์ค‘, ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ, ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋ณด์œ  ์š”์ธ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ† ๋น— ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋กœ์ง“ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ ๋น„์ค‘์— ์–‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‚ฐ์ฆ์‹์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ ๋น„์ค‘๋„ ํผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ์†Œ๋“, ํ•™๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ํˆฌ์žํ˜• ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ ๋น„์ค‘์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ์†Œ๋“ ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ƒ์†Œ๋“์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์–‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„, ์ˆœ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋“์ด ํฌ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋“์„ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋ณด์œ  ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋ณด์œ  ์š”์ธ์— ์–‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ ๋น„์ค‘๋„ ํฌ๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋ณด์œ  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์–‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์šด์šฉ์ด ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ์—์„œ ํˆฌ์žํ˜• ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํˆฌ์žํ˜• ๊ธˆ์œต์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์„ธ์ œ์ง€์›, ์ฆ๊ถŒ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•ด ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ  ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ ๋น„์ค‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋“ค์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ฌถ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ๊ธˆ์œต์ƒํ’ˆ(ํŠนํžˆ ํˆฌ์žํ˜• ๊ธˆ์œต์ƒํ’ˆ)์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ธ์œ„์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์ž์‚ฐ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธ์ œ์ง€์› ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋ถ„์†Œ๋“๋Œ€๋น„ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ ์งˆ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋œ ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ธˆ์œต๊ต์œก ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‚ฐ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์€ํ–‰์˜ ์˜ˆ๊ธˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ˜• ๊ธˆ์œต์ž์‚ฐ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž์‚ฐ ์šด์šฉ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ต์œก ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์‹คํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋กœ ์†Œ๋“์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ณ„ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ถ•์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋“๋Œ€๋น„ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.This study examined the asset allocation of household and analyzed the impact variables such socio-demographic and financial factors on the portfolio ratio of different kind of assets and debt. The results showed that Koreans household assets composed of mostly real estates and bank account in the financial assets. The asset allocation of household and scale of household debt are important matters to discuss for household and concern of policy maker because of money spiral problems. The analyses presented in this article are based on data from the Survey of Household Finances(SHF) from 2010 to 2013. The SHF is an annual survey of approximately 40 thousand Korean households and sponsored jointly by the Statistics Korea, the Financial Supervisory Service, and the Bank of Korea. The data set contains the socio-demographic or micro economic variables such as the households ages, sex, level of education, home ownership, residing in Seoulโˆ™capital region, real estates, financial assets, stocks and bonds, debts, incomes and debts, etc. This study examined determinants of the real estate ratio, financial investment asset ratio, risky financial asset ratio, debt ratio and debt holding probability of household by Tobit model regression or logistic regression model. The major findings are as follows. Major determinants of real estate ratio are household age and home ownership. In particular, net asset, income and educational attainment turn out to be the major factors that can account for the level of financial investment asset ratio or risky financial asset ratio. And income and net asset were found to be significantly related to the households debt ratio. Research has shown that income has positive impact and net asset has negative impact on the debt ratio. These findings may suggest some implications for real estate, financial market and debt. Korean government should be cautious in making further household debt through real estate economy boosting. For financial peace of household there need some financial education, financial planning. And government should give tax incentive for longtime investing in financial products such funds, real estate investment trusts (REITs).์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 13 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 14 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํฌํ† ํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ด๋ก  14 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ BHB์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ชจํ˜• 15 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์ˆ˜์ต ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๋ชจํ˜• 19 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์žฌ๋ฌด์„ค๊ณ„ ์ด๋ก  20 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 21 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 30 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 38 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ •์˜ 38 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 43 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 47 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ 51 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋‹ค์ค‘๊ณต์„ ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  51 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 54 ์ œ 7 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  64 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ 64 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  67 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 72 Abstract 74Maste

    A study on the need to materialize laws related to cargo securing in container.

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    ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฌด์—ญ์—์„œ ์šด์†ก์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋ฌผ๋™๋Ÿ‰์€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ํ™”๋ฌผ ์šด์†ก์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”, ๊ทœ๊ฒฉํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด ์žฅ๋น„, ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์šด์†ก์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ํ†ต์ผ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž‘์—… ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ํ™”๋ฌผ ์›€์ง์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฌผ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†กํ•˜์ธ, ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ธ์˜ ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์†์‹ค์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ฐ์ข… ํ”ผํ•ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์„ ๋ฐ• ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ์šด์†ก์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ธ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”๋„ ์ธ์‹์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ์Œ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ œํ•  ๋ฒ•์ , ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ• ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ์šด์†ก์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ ์žฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „๋งŒ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ™”๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฐ์ข… ์šด์†ก์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘๋ ฅ ๊ฐ€์†๋„์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ€์†๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์‡ผ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ผ์ด์‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๋ฐ• ์ž‘์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ์ธ์žฅ๋ ฅ, ํŒŒ๋‹จ๊ฐ•๋„, ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ณ ๋ฐ•ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์™€ ์—†๋Š” ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๋ฐ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ Blocking, Bracing, ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ผ์ด์‹ฑ, ํ•˜ํ”„๋ฃจํ”„, ์Šคํ”„๋ง ๋ผ์ด์‹ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ˜„ํ–‰๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฐ• ๊ทœ์ • ์—ญ์‹œ ํ•ด์ƒ์šด์†ก์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”๋ฌผ์ ์žฌ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์นจ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ™”๋ฌผ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋น„ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์›์ธํŒŒ์•…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด์†ก ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋ฐ• ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ์ • 6 1. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด์†ก์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ 6 2. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋ฌผ๋™๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ 8 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 10 1. ์„ ๋ฐ• ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„ 10 2. ๊ณ ๋ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์—…๊ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 12 3. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์šด์†ก์ค‘ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 14 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  17 1. ํ•ด์ƒ์šด์†ก ์•ˆ์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 17 2. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  19 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ •๋ฆฌ 21 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š” 21 1. ์šด์†ก์‹œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ 21 2. ํ™”๋ฌผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ทœ์น™ 25 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ณ ๋ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ 29 1. ์‡ผ๋ง ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ 29 2. ๋ผ์ด์‹ฑ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ 34 3. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณ ๋ฐ• 42 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  53 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณ ๋ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 58 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณ ๋ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 58 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ณ ๋ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•๊ทœ 62 1. ์„ ๋ฐ•์•ˆ์ „๋ฒ• 62 2. ํ™”๋ฌผ์ ์žฌ๊ณ ๋ฐ•์ง€์นจ์„œ 64 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•๊ทœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 65 1. ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•๊ทœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  65 2. ํ•ด์™ธ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 66 3. ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 68 3.1 ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 68 3.1 ์ œ๋„์  ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 73 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  74 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  74 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 77 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 78Maste

    A Theorem Prover For Boolean BI

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    DoctorWhile separation logic is acknowledged as an enabling technology for large-scale program verification, most of the existing verification tools use only a fragment ofseparation logic that excludes separating implication. As the first step towards a verification tool using full separation logic, we develop a nested sequent calculusfor Boolean BI (Bunched Implications), the underlying theory of separation logic, as well as a theorem prover based on it. A salient feature of our nested sequentcalculus is that its sequent may have not only smaller child sequents but also multiple parent sequents, thus producing a graph structure of sequents instead ofa tree structure. Our theorem prover is based on backward search in a refinement of the nested sequent calculus in which weakening and contraction are built into all the inference rules. We explain the details of designing our theorem prover and provide empirical evidence of its practicality
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