당뇨병 쥐의 뇌출혈 모델에서 matrix metalloproteinase의 발현 양상 및 역할

Thesis(doctoral)--서울대학교 대학원 :의학과 뇌신경과학전공,2006.Docto

(A) study od growth and development of Korean children

의학과/박사A Study of Growth and Development of Korean Children 1) Physical Measurement from Newborn to Eighteen Years of Age 2) Skeletal Maturation of the same Age Group The study of growth and development of the human organism from conception to maturity is the basic science of pediatrics and of prime importance to the general practitioner and others who would attempt to care for infants and children. "Growth" refers to increase in size, while "Development" refers to increase in function and maturity: this applies to the skeleton too. Ordinarily growth and development progress together, and while these two aspects are not interchangeable they are, nevertheless, inseparable. During the past few decades several excellent studies on growth and development have been made in the various countries This has also been done in Korea. However, most of the studies were limited to the cross sectional method and included only simple measurements and weighing. The author collected and summarized data on the measurements of children from six to twenty years of age, including measurements of height and weight and the girth of both head and chest. The findings of this study were published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatrics (1959). No data or standard is available by which to evaluate the physical growth and skeletal development for Korean children, since foreign standards are not applicable to Korean children. Thus it is strongly urged that physicians working in the field of public health or pediatrics develop a new standard applicable to the evaluation of growth and development of Korean children. Physical growth and development may be influenced by heredity, race. sax, nutrition, and other factors such as socio-economic and geogaphical environment. Therefore, careful sampling and evaluation is necessary for any scientific study on child growth and development. Bone maturation likewise is influenced by such factors as race, sex, prematurity, endocrine disturbance, chronic infection, allergic conditions, and medication, Skeletal roentgenograms are a more accurate and reliable aid in assessing the growth and development, since bone age can thus be compared to chronolgical age. There are many procedures and methods of evaluating skeletal maturation, but one can usually evaluate osseous development for clinical purposes from a roentgenogram of the hand and wrist. although a much more accurate estimate can be obtained if all pertinent ossification centers are x-rayed, rather than relying merely on the wrist. All the measurements and roentgenograms in this study were made upon healthy korean children from birth to eighteen years of age (Tables 1, 2, 3, and Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Only breast-fed children were included. Results of our studies were compared with the standards for foreign children made by other authors (Voght & Vickers, Stuart, Todd, Francis, and Sontag), from the point of both physical measurement and skeletal development. The data and results are summarized as follows: 1. The author compiled percentile tables and figures for the measurement and bone age evaluation of Korean children according to age and sex and using various ossification centers. 2. In general, girls are more advanced than boys in osseous development, while boys are slightly mere advanced than girls in physical growth, except for the period between the ages of 11 to 14 years when girls are farther advanced. 3. On comparing the author's standards with the foreign data on skeletal maturation, there were no significant differences during infancy, although Korean babies appear to have somewhat earlier maturation of the bones of the foot according to roentgenoographic studies. 4. However, after the weaning period, physical growth as well as skeletal development in foreign children advanced more rapidly than that of Korean children, and these differences are more marked as age increases; but the increase is not so much that of skeletal development as of physical growth. 5. Breast feeding, early walking, and early menstruation of Korean children seem to be influential factors in the early maturation of osseous development, while on the other hand the ages of eruption of teeth and of closure of the anterior fontanel are net closely related to osseous maturation in healthy children. 6. The range of normal skeletal development is much wider than moat of us have realized. 7. The size of the child does not always correlate with the time of maturation.restrictio

Credit ratings and capital structure decision

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 금융전공, 2009.2, [ v, 48 p. ]많은 학자들이 오랜 시간 동안 기업의 최적자본구조 결정과 관련한 연구를 진행하여 다양한 이론들을 발표하였다. 본 연구는 신용등급에 따라 기업의 자본비용이 불연속적으로 변동한다는 Kisgen(2006)의 연구 결과를 참조하여 한국 기업을 대상으로 신용등급이 기업의 자본구조결정에 직접적인 영향을 미치는지 실증적인 방법을 통해 검정하였다. 분석결과, Kisgen(2006)의 연구결과와는 달리 신용등급이 자본구조결정에 직접적인 영향을 준다는 가설에 대하여 유의한 수준의 결과는 얻을 수가 없었다. 분석결과를 개별적으로 살펴보면 신용평점분석에서는 상당 수준 가설과 부합되는 결과를 얻을 수 있었던 반면, POM분석과 신용등급 구간별 분석에서는 신용등급의 변동 가능성이 높은 기업이 자본을 확충하거나 부채발행을 억제할 것이라는 가설에 대하여 유의한 수준의 결과를 발견할 수는 없었다. 이러한 결과는 국내 기업의 경우 분석에 필요한 신용등급의 표본수와 분석기간이 미국에 비해 상대적으로 부족했기 때문이라고 유추할 수 있겠다. 그렇지만 신용등급이 어느 정도 기업의 자본구조결정에 영향을 주고 있음을 인지할 수 있었고 국내 자본시장이 성숙되어감에 따라 신용등급이 자본구조결정에 미치는 영향은 점진적으로 증가할 것으로 예상된다.한국과학기술원 : 금융전공

Case Fatality After Ischemic Stroke and TIA in a Hospital-based Cohort: Long-term Effect of Complications

Background: This study aimed to determine case fatality and short-term and long-term effects of complications in individuals who were admitted to a community-based hospital due to acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: Between November 1998 and February 2001, all individuals with a suspected ischemic stroke or TIA, who admitted to Eulji General Hospital within 7 days from symptom onset, were registered prospectively and consecutively. Complications following stroke were defined as any comorbidities, including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, hemorrhages, ischemic heart disease, bed sore, fracture, etc. Case fatality was assessed by the national death certificate data from 1999 to 2001. Results: Six-hundred thirty-one patients (mean age, 64.7±11.8 years; 309 males, 49%) with acute ischemic stroke or TIA were registered during 28 months. Duration of observation was 556.7±282.4 days. Thirty-day, 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year case fatalities were 5.1%, 10.1％, 18.3％, and 26.2% respectively. In subjects with complications, 30-day, 1-year, and 2-year case fatalities were 17.4%, 47.9%, and 58.4% respectively, while 0.7%, 7.6%, and 14.1% in subjects without complications (p<0.001). The presence of complications was a significant predictor of mortality following stroke (hazard ratio, 2.26) independent of age, sex, modified rankin disability score, NIH stroke scale at admission, TOAST classification, and risk factors of stroke. Conclusions: After acute ischemic stroke or TIA, 73.8% of patients survived more than 2 years. The occurrence of complications following stroke is an independent and strong predictor of short-term and long-term survival after acute ischemic stroke or TIA.N

Guillian-Barr？ Syndrome after Preceding Shingles

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Pure V1 Trigeminal Sensory Neuropathy due to Primary Pontine Hemorrhage

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Development of a Stroke Prediction Model for Korean

Background: Assessing an individuals risk of stroke can be a starting point for stroke prevention. The aim of this study was to develop a stroke prediction model that can be applied to the Korean population, using the best available current knowledge. Methods: A sex- and age-specific stroke prediction model that is applicable specifically to Koreans was developed using Gails breast cancer prediction model, which is based on competing risk theory. Results: The relative risks for major stroke risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, previous stroke, obesity, and smoking status, were obtained from a recent systematic review of stroke risk factors among Koreans. The results were incorporated into the concept of a proportional hazard regression model. For baseline age- and sex-specific hazard rates for stroke, we employed Jees 10-year stroke-risk prediction model with its reference categories for predictor variables. Death-certificate data from the Korea National Statistical Office were used to calculate competing risks of stroke in our model. Conclusions: Our prediction model for stroke incidence may be useful for predicting an individuals risk of stroke based on his/her age, sex, and risk factors. This model will contribute to the development of individualized risk-specific guidelines for the prevention of stroke.N

Definitive Chemoradiotherapy versus Radical Hysterectomy Followed by Tailored Adjuvant Therapy in Women with Early-Stage Cervical Cancer Presenting with Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis on Pretreatment Evaluation: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Simple Summary Pelvic nodal involvement is frequently present in early-stage cervical cancer patients on pretreatment imaging studies. However, it is unclear whether radical chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or radical hysterectomy RH followed by tailored adjuvant radiotherapy is more appropriate in these patients. We compared oncological outcomes of up-front surgery followed by tailored adjuvant radiotherapy and definitive CRT in these patients. We found no differences in outcomes existed between definitive CRT and hysterectomy with tailored adjuvant radiotherapy. However, after surgery, 88.7% of patients required adjuvant radiotherapy. These findings suggest that definitive CRT can avoid unplanned tri-modality therapy without compromising oncologic outcomes. To compare the oncologic outcomes between chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and radical hysterectomy followed by tailored adjuvant therapy in patients with early cervical cancer presenting with pelvic lymph node metastasis. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of women with early cervical cancer presenting with positive pelvic nodes identified on pretreatment imaging assessment. Propensity score matching was employed to control for the heterogeneity between two groups according to confounding factors. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and pattern of failure were compared between the two groups. A total of 262 patients were identified; among them, 67 received definitive CRT (group A), and 195 received hysterectomy (group B). Adjuvant therapy was administered to 88.7% of group B. There were no significant differences between group A and group B regarding the 5-year overall survival rates (89.2% vs. 89.0%) as well as disease-free survival rates (80.6% vs. 82.7%), and patterns of failure. Distant metastasis was the major failure pattern identified in both groups. In multivariate analysis, non-squamous histology was significantly associated with poorer overall survival. As there are no significant differences in 5-year OS, DFS, and patterns of failure, definitive CRT could avoid the combined modality therapy without compromising oncologic outcomes

Impact of Intracranial Cerebral Atherosclerosis on the Long-term Mortality after Ischemic Stroke

Background: Intracranial cerebral atherosclerosis (ICAS) is an important cause of stroke, but it is not well-known whether and how much it contributes to the long-term prognosis of stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the impact of ICAS on the long-term mortality of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: From November 1998 to December 2002, a consecutive series of 1306 patients who were hospitalized due to acute ischemic stroke were listed in the stroke registry. Among them, 946 patients who underwent brain MRI and MRA were selected and their vital status was identified by the National Death certificates. Results: Among 946 subjects, 624 (65.9%) had ICAS, while 106 (11.2%) had extracranial carotid atherosclerosis (ECAS). During a period of 59 months (27±16 months), 220 patients died. The 30-day, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 4-year mortalities were 2.8%, 14.5%, 22.9%, 27.8% and 35.1% for those with ICAS (N=624); whereas 2.2%, 7.7%, 13.2%, 15.4% and 19.2% for those without ICAS (N=322) (p=0.0001 on log rank test). Crude hazard ratio (HR) of ICAS was 1.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 2.62), but adjusted HR of ICAS was 1.16 (0.82 to 1.62). The number of intracranial arteries with atherosclerosis and the existence of symptomatic ICAS were also considered. Both of them were significant predictors of the long-term mortality in crude analyses, but lost their significance after adjustments. Conclusions: This study failed to prove the independent contribution of ICAS to the mortality of patients with acute ischemic stroke.N