In-vitro Chemosensitivity Test for Colorectal Cancer using an Adenosine-triphosphate-based Chemotherapy Response Assay (ATP-CRA)

Purpose The adenosine-triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA) is a well-documented and validated technology for individualizing chemotherapy in cancer patients. We evaluate the feasibility of ATP-CRA in colorectal cancer patients. This study will illustrate the assay's success rate, the mean coefficient of variation, and the turnaround time as a validation tool for a chemosensitivity test. Methods A total of 118 patients, treated by surgery between June 2004 and September 2005 were evaluated for chemosensitivity to seven anticancer agents (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin, irinotecan, epirubicin, etoposide, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel) by using an ATP-CRA. To allow a comparison between samples, we calculated the chemosensitivity index (CI) based on the percentage cell death rate (CDR,%) at each test drug concentration. Results The assay success rate was 85.5% (118/138), and the mean coefficient of variation, indicating intra-assay error level, was 9.2%. CDR measured at a therapeutic peak plasma concentration ranged from 0% to 93.6% with a median of 31.0% for 5-FU, 28.5% for oxaliplatin, 34.0% for irinotecan, 25.0% for epirubicin, 21.0% for etoposide, 22.0% for gemcitabine, and 25.2% for paclitaxel. According to the CI, the most sensitive drug varied from patient to patients 10.9% for 5-FU, 10.9% for oxaliplatin, 24.7% for irinotecan, 11.8% for epirubicin, 22.4% for etoposide, 1.1% for gemcitabine, and 23.3% for paclitaxel. Conclusions Our data suggest that the ATPCRA is a feasible in-vitro chemosensitivity test in colorectal cancer and that patients show heterogeneous chemosensitivity. A study evaluating the predictive value of ATP-CRA directed therapy is needed to determine the clinical usefulness of the test.ope

Recurrences after local excision for early rectal adenocarcinoma

PURPOSE: The role of local excision in treating rectal cancer patients continues to be controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term oncological results of local excision for early rectal adenocarcinomas and review the outcomes of salvage therapy on rectal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 1992 and September 2005, 35 consecutive patients with early-stage primary rectal adenocarcinomas were treated by local excision with curative intent. The mean tumor distance from the anal verge was 5 cm (range, 1-10 cm). RESULTS: The median follow-up was 66 months (range, 17-161 months). Pathological examination revealed 23 cases of T1 and 12 cases of T2. Recurrence had developed in 10 patients (6 local recurrences, 4 systemic recurrences). Purely extrapelvic recurrence was observed in only two (5.7%) patients. Of the eight recurrent patients with surgical salvage, five survived with no evidence of disease at the time of this analysis. The 5-year local recurrence-free and disease-free survival rates were 79.6% and 67.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Local excision alone of early-staged rectal adenocarcinomas, even in the ideal candidate, is followed by a relatively higher local recurrence rate than previously reported and may not be a valid modality. Either the use of adjuvant therapy with local excision, even in patients with T1 lesions or the use of preoperative therapy followed by local excision has good promise.ope

Case of Colonic Polyps with Abdominal Splenosis Mimicking Carcinomatosis.

Splenosis is an ectopic implantation of splenic tissue after splenic injury or splenectomy. These splenic implants may be located throughout the abdominal cavity and may be misdiagnosed as a malignancy or tumorous condition. Here, we report a case of splenosis that was initially diagnosed as carcinomatosis from colon cancer in a patient with colon polyps that had undergone explo-laparotomyope

Effect of Yogurt Enriched Water-soluble Fiber on Functional Constipation

Purpose Although a diet that is rich in fiber is widely recommended to prevent and treat constipation, the efficacy of fiber supplements with yogurt has not been studied sufficiently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a yogurt enriched water-soluble fiber on the various symptoms of constipation in female adults with functional constipation. Methods We did a double-blind and case-controlled study between two groups (placebo vs. fiber group), which were randomly allocated out of 42 subjects with functional constipation by using Rome II criteria. Bowel habits, daily nutritional intakes and physical activities were determined by using a questionnaire, and the segmental colonic transit time was evaluated three times: before treatment, after 4 weeks of treatment, and at the end of the study (2 weeks after treatment). Results After 4 weeks of treatment, all defecation symptoms tested, except manual evacuation, showed significant improvements in the fiber group; fiber-enriched yogurt increased the number of bowel movements (P=0.002), reduced the presence of hard stools (P=0.001), improved the frequency of straining (P=0.048), the sense of incomplete evacuation (P=0.013), and the sense of anorectal obstruction (P=0.032). The total colonic transit time was shortened after intake of fiber-enriched yogurt (P=0.023). Satisfactory relief was significantly higher in the fiber group (P=0.011). Conclusions Functional constipation may be improved with water-soluble fiber supplements in yogurt without serious side effects.ope

Case Reports With a Review of Previously Reported Cases in Korean Literatures

Hypoganglionosis is a rare form of intestinal neuronal disorder which is characterized by reduced number and size of ganglion cells in the intestinal wall occurring usually in childhood. Pathophysiology is not yet known but intestinal inflammation, ischemia, neurotoxin, or autoimmune mechanism may play a role in degeneration or reduction of ganglion cells in submucosal or myenteric plexus in the intestinal wall. Hypganglionosis in adults is even less clarified and defined. Clinically patients present with constipation, severe abdominal distension, or intestinal pseudo-obstruction. However, there are no demonstrable obstructive lesions in abdomen CT and other bowel studies. We report three cases of colonic segmental hypoganglionosis in adult patients who were treated successfully by surgical resection with a review of previously reported hypoganglionosis cases in Korean literatures.ope

Safety and Feasibility of Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection in Early Learning Curve

Purpose: After the final report of Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) study group, the application of laparoscopic surgery in colon cancer a spread widely. However, laparoscopic surgery in the rectum is still regarded as a complicated procedure to start due to technical difficulties and a steep learning curve. The aim of this study was to show the safety and technical feasibility of a laparoscopic low anterior resection at an early time on the learning curve in comparison with open low anterior resection. Methods: The learning curves of one colorectal surgeon in open and laparoscopic low anterior resections were retrospectively compared. The compared factors were clinicopathologic characteristics, operation time, and the factors associated with postoperative recovery, morbidity and mortality. Results: There were no significant differences in age or sex between two groups. The operation time was significantly longer in the laparoscopy group (P＜0.001) In the view point of postoperative recovery, the laparoscopy group showed significant advantages in hospital stay (P＜0.001), the passage of flatus (P＜0.001), the number of analgesics used (P=0.03), and the removal of foley catheter (P=0.001). There were no conversions in the laparoscopy group, and the complication rate was lower in the laparoscopy group (10.7% vs. 17.6%). There was no postoperative mortality in either group. Conclusions: Even though the operation time was significantly longer in the laparoscopy group, a laparoscopic low an terior resection appears to have some benefits in postoperative recovery and morbidity. In terms of surgical outcomes, a laparoscopic low anterior resection can be performed safely even in early times on the learning curve.ope

Mucinous Histology as a Predictive Marker of 5-Fluorouracil-based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of mucinous histology as a predictive marker of 5-Fluorouracil (FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II, III colon cancer. Methods: Between January 1995 and December 2004, 987 patients who underwent curative resections for stage II, III sporadic colon cancer were classified into two groups, a mucinous carcinoma (MC) group and a non-mucinous carcinoma (NMC) group, based on the histology of the primary tumor. The differences in their clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic impact of 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy for various tumor histologies were analyzed. Results: Of the 987 patients, MCs accounted for 6.8% (68 patients). MCs were more frequently located in the Rt. Colon (P<0.001) and were more frequently seen in young patients (less than 40 yr old) (P=0.028). The 5-yr survival rates between MC and NMC did not show any statistically significant difference. Patients, including both MC and NMC patients, who received 5-FU-based chemotherapy, revealed a better overall survival rate than patients with no adjuvant chemotherapy. In the multivariate analysis for the prognosis in NMC patients, 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy, initial negative nodal status, and preoperative CEA <5 ng/mL were statistically significant prognostic factors (P values: <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). In contrast, there was no statistically independent significance of 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy in MC patients. Conslusion: In stage II and stage III sporadic colon cancer patients, response to 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy in MC patients might be poor than it is in NMC patientsope

Patterns of Recurrence and Prognosis in Patients with Intestinal Behcet’s Disease Who Underwent a Bowel Resection

PURPOSE: We aim to analyze the clinical course and the recurrence patterns after surgical treatment in patients with intestinal Behcet's disease and to determine the prognostic factors. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with intestinal Behcet's disease who had undergone operations between 1979 and 2007 were analyzed. Clinical characteristics between the recurrent group (n=24) and the non-recurrent group (n=14) were compared. The cumulative recurrence rates were calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the results were compared by using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 120 months. The median age of the 38 patients was 36.5 years, and the patients included 26 males and 12 females. Recurrences after surgical treatment were observed in 24 patients, and reoperations were performed in 21 patients. The mean age at operation was 35.7 years in the recurrent group and was less than 43.4 years in the non-recurrent group (P=0.030). Clinical subtypes of Behcet's disease (complete or incomplete vs. suspicious) and the cause of operation (presence vs. absence of a perforation or fistula) were different between the recurrent and the non-recurrent groups (P=0.048, P=0.014, respectively). The 5-year cumulative recurrence rate and reoperation rate for all patients with intestinal Behcet's disease who underwent operations were 52.7% and 36.0%, respectively the clinical subtypes and the cause of the operation were significant factors affecting the cumulative recurrence and the reoperation rates. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal Behcet's disease demonstrates high recurrence and reoperation rates after surgical treatment. More careful follow up is needed to these surgical patients with high risk of recurrence and reoperationope

The Effects of anger management program on the aggression and emotional strengths of children at risk for EBD

분노는 학교생활에 부적응을 겪는 학생들의 감정 기저에 주를 이루는 경우가 많으며, 특히, 정서 및 행동장애 아동에게 학교 부적응, 낮은 자존감. 공격 행동 등의 잠재적 문제를 일으킬 가능성이 있다. 분노의 적절한 표현 및 통제를 돕는 분노조절프로그램은 행동 문제를 관리할 수 있는 전략으로 제안되고 있는데, 이 프로그램은 자신의 분노 인지, 실제적인 분노통제 전략의 학습, 합리적으로 의사소통 하는 방법, 문제를 해결하기 위한 전략 모색, 개별화된 분노조절계획 등의 과정을 포함한다. 이러한 분노조절프로그램은 분노로 인하여 발생될 수 있는 문제행동을 조기에 예방하고, 적절한 행동을 유지, 일반화시킬 수 있는 전략으로 이용될 수 있는데, 특히 분노로 인하여 정서 및 행동문제를 경험할 가능성이 큰 정서 및 행동장애 위험아동이 분노를 바르게 표현하는 방법을 배우고, 문제 상황을 적절하게 통제할 수 있는 방법을 학습한다면, 공격성 감소 및 정서적 능력의 향상 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 분노조절프로그램이 정서 및 행동장애 위험아동의 공격성 및 정서적 능력에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 최근 연구 동향에 따라 인지 행동적 접근과 사회성기술 훈련의 원리를 통합하고 재구성하여 분노조절프로그램을 고안하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울에 소재한 일반 공립 초등학교에 재학하는 정서 및 행동장애 위험아동 20명이다. 교사추천에 의한 대상 아동 선별 과정을 거친 후, 선별된 아동을 대상으로 아동·청소년 행동 평가 척도(Korea-Child Behavior Checklist : K-CBCL)를 실시하여 63T(90% tile)점 이상 70T(98% tile)점 이하인 아동을 최종대상으로 선정한 뒤 실험집단 10명과 통제집단 10명으로 무선배치하였다. 실험집단에게는 총 14회기에 걸쳐 일반학급 교실에서 중재를 제공하였으며, 통제집단에게는 별도의 중재를 제공하지 않았다. 종속변인 중 하나인 공격성의 측정에는 Buss와 Perry(1992)의 공격성 척도를 수정하여 사용하였다. 정서적 능력의 측정에는 Epstein이 1998년에 개발하고 2004년에 개정한 행동 및 정서 평정척도(제2판)를 번안한 후 사용하였으며, 이 때 자기보고용과 교사보고용 두 가지를 모두 이용하였다. 결과분석은 분노조절프로그램을 실시한 실험집단과 분노조절프로그램을 실시하지 않은 통제집단 간의 공격성 및 정서적 능력의 변화정도에 유의한 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 독립표본 t 검정을 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 분노조절프로그램이 제공된 실험집단과 분노조절프로그램이 제공되지 않은 통제집단은 프로그램 실시 전후의 공격성 변화정도에 있어서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 분노조절프로그램이 제공된 실험집단과 분노조절프로그램이 제공되지 않은 통제집단은 프로그램 실시 전후 아동이 평정한 정서적 능력 변화정도에 있어서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 분노조절프로그램이 제공된 실험집단과 분노조절프로그램이 제공되지 않은 통제집단은 프로그램 실시 전후 교사가 평정한 정서적 능력 변화정도에 있어서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과로 분노조절프로그램이 정서 및 행동장애 위험아동의 공격성을 감소시키고 정서적 능력을 향상시켰음을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 일반학급 내에서 담임교사가 정서 및 행동장애 위험아동의 문제행동을 감소시키고 정서적 능력을 증진시키기 위해 적용해 볼 수 있는 프로그램을 고안하여 그 효과를 검증함으로써 일반교육 현장에서의 예방적 중재 방안을 제시했다는데 그 의의가 있다.;This anger management program was recreated on the basis of the theory produced by Dahlen and Deffenbacher in 2001 and integrated cognitive-behavioral anger management program and social skill training program for students with at-risk emotional and behavior problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using anger management program to improve emotional strengths and reduce aggression of children at risk for EBD. The participants of 20 students was drawn of second and third grade of A Elementary School located in Seoul. 10 students who agreed to participate were the experiment group, the other students were the control group. The anger management program consisted of 14 sessions was provided to the experimental group twice a week for five weeks while no program was delivered to the control group. A measuring tool included a pre- and post test of Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale(2nd edition) by Epstein in 2004 and Diagnostic Test of Aggression by Buss and Perry in 1992. The test results of emotional strengths and aggression were processed in t-test using SPSS 12.0/WIN. The results from the present study are as follows : A significant difference was found between the aggression of the students with at-risk emotional and behavior problems in the experiment group with anger management program and that in control group. It implied that anger management program is effective for reducing aggression in primary school students with at-risk emotional and behavior problems. Also, a significant difference was found between the emotional strengths of the students with at-risk emotional and behavior problems in the experiment group with anger management program and that in control group. It implied that anger management program is effective for improving emotional strengths in primary school students with at-risk emotional and behavior problems The result of this study showed that anger management program is an effective delivery technique for students with at-risk emotional and behavior problems. The study provided empirical data of how to apply and utilize anger management program as a tool of integrated education with at-risk emotional and behavior disabled children based upon the results, and the value of the study can be found in the empirical data.Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 A. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1 B. 연구문제 = 6 C. 용어의 정의 = 7 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 9 A. 정서 및 행동장애 위험아동과 분노 = 9 1. 분노가 지니는 특성 = 9 2. 분노로 인한 문제행동 = 12 3. 분노로 인한 외현적 문제 행동 개선의 필요성 = 14 B. 분노조절프로그램의 구성요소 = 19 1. 인지·행동적 접근 방식의 분노조절프로그램의 구성요소 = 20 2. 사회기술훈련으로서의 분노조절프로그램의 구성요소 = 21 3. 정서 및 행동장애 위험아동을 위한 복합적 중재로서의 분노조절프로그램의 구성요소 = 23 C. 분노조절프로그램의 효과 = 27 1. 공격성에 미치는 효과 = 27 2. 정서적 능력에 미치는 효과 = 31 3. 분노조절프로그램의 효과에 관한 국내 선행연구 = 34 Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 36 A. 연구대상 = 36 B. 연구 장소 및 기간 = 38 C. 종속변인 측정도구 = 39 D. 연구 절차 = 41 E. 자료처리 = 48 Ⅳ. 연구결과 = 49 A. 분노조절프로그램이 공격성에 미치는 영향 = 49 B. 분노조절프로그램이 정서적 능력에 미치는 영향 = 50 Ⅴ. 논의 및 제언 = 54 A. 논의 = 54 B. 제한점 및 제언 = 63 참고문헌 = 66 부록 = 81 ABSTRACT = 11

The Concept of Absence Found in the Work of Sophie Calle

본 논문은 소피 칼(Sophie Calle, 1953~)의 작업에서 ‘부재(不在)’의 개념이 다양한 주제와 형식을 통해 드러나는 양상을 고찰한 연구이다. 칼은 작업 초기에서부터 현재에 이르기까지 ‘부재’와 관련된 주제를 지속적으로 작업에 담아왔다. ‘부재’의 개념이 그 반대 개념인 ‘존재’를 존립의 근거로 삼듯이, 칼이 부재하는 대상을 조명하는 방식은 그것에 대한 기억이나 그것이 남긴 흔적을 작품에 담아내는 방법으로 이루어진다. 칼은 사진과 텍스트를 병치하는 작업 방식을 중점적으로 사용한다. 사진과 텍스트는 개념미술가들이 미술의 ‘개념’을 탐구하기 위한 도구로서 사용하기 시작한 매체이다. 칼 또한 특정한 개념을 사진과 텍스트를 통해 제시한다는 면에서 그들과 공통점을 지닌다. 필자는 무엇보다도 칼의 작업에 ‘부재’의 개념이 관통하고 있는 점에 주목하여 본 논문에서 그녀의 작업을 주제별로 나누고 ‘부재’가 구현되는 다양한 양상을 살펴보았다. 우선, 칼은 상실된 대상을 사진과 텍스트로 복원하려고 한다. 칼은 부재하는 대상이 있었던 장소를 사진으로 찍고 그것에 대한 사람들의 진술을 텍스트에 담아낸다. 하지만 사진이라는 매체는 과거에 존재했던 한 장면을 포착한 것이기 때문에, 오히려 칼의 사진은 그것에 담긴 대상이 부재한다는 사실을 확인시키는 것이 된다. 또한 칼의 텍스트는 불완전한 기억에 근거하는 것이므로 그 대상에 대한 정확한 묘사를 담은 것이 아니다. 즉 부재하는 대상을 드러내려고 한 칼의 사진과 텍스트는 역설적으로 그것의 부재를 환기시키게 되는 셈이다. 칼은 자신에게 중요한 사람이 곁에 부재하는 자전적 경험을 작업에 담고 그것에 동반된 상실감을 극복해 가는 과정을 드러낸다. 칼은 누군가의 부재를 상징하는 물건을 사진으로 찍고 그것과 관련된 이야기를 텍스트로 제시한다. 또한 칼은 자신에게 고통스러웠던 경험을 반복적으로 떠올림으로써 그 아픔에서 헤어나는 과정을 시각화하거나 그러한 경험을 작업의 소재로 직면함으로써 자신의 상실감과 슬픔을 승화한다. 칼은 낯선 타인을 뒤따라가면서 그 과정을 사진으로 찍고 텍스트로 기록한다. 자신의 의지는 배제한 채 타인이 가는대로 쫓아가는 이 과정에서 칼의 작가 주체는 타인의 흔적을 담은 사진과 텍스트를 통해서만 의미를 갖는 주체가 된다. 즉 그 주체는 ‘창조하는 주체’라기 보다, ‘타인에 의해 그 행위가 결정되는 주체’이며, 나아가 타인의 흔적 속으로 숨겨지는, 곧 부재하는 주체가 된다. 또한 칼이 추적한 익명의 타인은 칼에 의해 포착된 파편적인 흔적으로만 드러나게 되므로 그의 주체 역시 본모습이 밝혀지지 않는, 즉 부재하는 주체가 된다. 칼은 현실과 허구를 동시에 함축하는 작업을 보여준다. 칼은 현실의 한 장면을 찍은 사진과 함께, 자신이 재구성한 내러티브를 담은 텍스트를 병치함으로써 현실과 허구를 혼용한다. 나아가 칼은 소설의 인물을 연기하는데, 이는 자신의 작가적 개성과 허구적 인물의 아이덴티티를 왕래하면서 재현한 것이다. 이처럼 현실과 허구가 교차하는 칼의 작업은 존재 속에 내장된 부재의 요소를 부각하게 된다. 이와 같이 칼의 작업에서는 ‘부재’의 개념이 다양한 주제와 방식으로 구현된다. 칼은 미술의 ‘개념’을 강조한 초기 개념미술가들의 계보를 잇고 있으면서 매우 자전적이고 사적인 이야기들을 주제로 삼아 자신만의 작업 세계를 구축해 나가고 있는 동시대 작가라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 삶의 다양한 내러티브를 사진과 텍스트 그리고 기타 매체들로 담아낸 칼의 작업 전반을 ‘부재’라는 개념을 축으로 분석해보고자 했다. 지금까지 다소 단편적으로 연구되었던 칼의 작업 세계를 보다 총체적으로 조명해보았다는 데 본 논문의 의의를 두며 나아가 이를 기반으로 칼의 작업에 대한 폭넓은 연구와 논의가 지속되기를 기대하는 바이다.;The focus of this dissertation is to examine how the concept of absence is realized in the work of Sophie Calle (1953~). Calle has continuously explored this concept through diverse themes and methods in her work. An absence of something connotes that its existence preceded. Likewise, Calle attempts to reveal a subject’s absence by collecting people’s memories and trailing its traces. Juxtaposing photography and text is the main form used in Calle’s art. These two media are what conceptual artists used to emphasize the conceptual elements of art. Calle shares their attitude in that she also uses them to explore a certain idea in her work. This dissertation examines Calle’s work in four categories classified by their differing themes in order to reveal how the notion of absence is visualized in Calle’s art. First, Calle tries to restore the absent subject by photographing where it used to be placed and also by enumerating people’s memories in her text. However, because photography captures a moment of reality, Calle’s photo eventually confirms the subject’s absence. In addition, due to the imperfectness of people’s memories, the information collected from different people are unalike and thus Calle’s text is unable to portray the subject to its original appearance. Paradoxically, Calle’s photography and text accentuate the subject’s absence. Calle uses her personal experiences and emotions of loss as topics in her art work. Her photograph includes an image that symbolizes someone’s absence while her text tells the story related to it. Also, Calle visualizes the process of overcoming her sufferings by repeatedly recalling the event that caused her the pain. Furthermore, taking those painful experiences as topics into her work helps her to objectify it and distance herself from them. Calle follows a random stranger and records her process in photography and text. Here, Calle’s own will is excluded and she is revealed only through the other’s traces. Her true identity is disguised and hidden in those traces. Meanwhile, the other is only exposed through the fragmented traces captured by Calle and his original self is undisclosed. Thus, the traces of the other captured in Calle’s work manifest the reciprocal absence of the follower and the followed. Lastly, Calle connotes both reality and fiction in her work. Calle mingles reality and fiction by capturing a moment of reality with her photograph while telling a restructured story through her text. Calle acts out a fictional character of a novel and applies herself with two identities―the artist’s and the fictional character’s. Interweaving the identity of an existential person and that of a fictitious figure, Calle highlights the elements of absence inherent in the notion of existence. Overall, Calle’s work demonstrates the concept of absence in various ways. On this account, Calle is considered as a post-conceptual artist that incorporates autobiographical experiences in her art. The aim of this dissertation is to provide a comprehensive perspective to understand how Calle manifests the concept of absence in her work and stimulate further studies of Calle’s art yet to come.I. 서론 1 II. 소피 칼 작업의 형성 배경 5 III. 주제와 형식을 통한 부재 개념의 구현 14 A. 상실된 대상의 복원을 통한 부재의 확인 14 B. 자전적 기억의 시각화를 통한 상실감의 극복 25 C. 추적의 과정을 통해 드러나는 주체의 부재 38 D. 현실과 허구의 혼용을 통한 존재 속 부재의 제시 50 IV. 결론 58 참고문헌 62 도판목록 69 도 판 75 Abstract 10