85 research outputs found
Study on structure-property relationship of isoindigo and thienoisoindigo : synthesis, characterization and application for organic field-effect transistors
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์ฌ๋ฃ๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2015. 2. ๋ฐ์์.Over the past decades, numerous lactam functionalized organic compounds have been synthesized for their application in optoelectronic devices to show promising advantagesstabilized LUMOs, broad absorption range, planar structure of lactam moiety, and so on. Among others, isoindigo (IID) and thienoisoindigo (TIID) derivatives showed remarkable performance as donor materials in organic solar cell devices and organic field-effect transistors. However, the structure-property relationship between IID and TIID-based molecules has rarely been explored in spite of their structural similarity. Characteristic twisted geometry comprising carbonyl oxygen and phenyl hydrogen in IID significantly hampers effective ฯ-ฯ interaction between IID molecules. Recently, with a view to overcome such an undesirable limit in extending ฯ-conjugation, thienoisoindigo moiety (TIID) has newly been developed. Replacing phenyl ring with thiophene ring is believed to reduce the steric hindrance and thus enhance the planarity along the backbone.
In this work, new series of IID and TIID-based small molecules and D-A type polymers have been synthesized to explore the structure-property correlation in them with special focus on their applications in OFET.
To compare the fundamental properties of IID and TIID,core and brominated core of them were synthesized and characterized using UV/VIS, CV, IR and DFT calculation. It was clearly found that TIID was more planar in structure to have broader absorption range and lower bandgap energy. Furthermore, relatively larger electron donating property of thiophene ring in TIID resulted in its high-lying HOMO compared to that in IID. FT-IR spectra has also supported SโโโO secondary bonding interaction for planarization of TIID backbone. Aiming at developing a new class of n-type OFET molecules, strong electron withdrawing dicyanovinyl units were introduced into the IID and TIID core structures. Structure-property relationship was investigated in terms of their optical and electrochemical properties measured by UV-VIS, CV, and DFT calculation. Top-contact bottom-gate type OFET devices were fabricated using vacuum deposition method. It was found that the IID based devices, EHIIDPDCV and EHIIDTDCV, showed decent n-type performancemaxima electron mobility were 1.70ร10-3 cm2V-1s-1 and 1.83ร10-2 cm2V-1s-1, respectively.
On the other hand, novel class of D-A type polymers were designed and synthesized using IID and TIID as an effective acceptor(A) unit. From UV/VIS and CV data, D-A polymers were shown to have low bandgap energy and appropriate frontier MO levels for OFET application. DFT calculation suggested that TIID-based D-A polymer would have much more planar structure through polymer backbone compared to that in IID-based polymer. Solution-processed OFET devices were fabricated using 0.3wt% chloroform solution for each polymer. Both polymers were shown to have ambipolar charge transport ability. While IID-based D-A copolymer showed maxima mobilities of ฮผe =3.09ร10-4cm-1V-1s-1 and ฮผh =3.04ร10-2cm-1V-1s-1, TIID-based D-A copolymer showed more balanced ambipolar performances with maximum mobility of ฮผe =4.44ร10-3cm-1V-1s-1 and ฮผh =1.14ร10-2cm-1V-1s-1.Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Organic field-effect transistors (OFET)s 1
1.1.1 Operation principle of OFETs 1
1.1.2 Material aspect of OFETs 7
1.2 Organic dyes containing lactam moiety 13
1.2.1 Why lactam functionalized materials are of interest 13
1.2.2 Isoindigo 14
1.2.3 Thienoisoindigo 18
1.3 Resarch Objectives 20
1.4 Bibliography 22
Chapter 2. Study on Structure-Property Relationship of Isoindigo and Thienoisoindigo cores with Tuning Frontier Molecular Orbital 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Experimental 31
2.2.1 Synthesis 31
2.2.2 Instruments and measurements 44
2.2.3 Fabrication and evaluation of organic thin-film transistors 46
2.3 Results and Discussion 47
2.3.1 Theoretical molecular orbital calculation used density
functional theory (DFT) 47
2.3.2 Optical and electrochemical properties of IID and TIID-based
Small molecules 53
2.3.3 IR analysis of IID and TIID core 67
2.3.4 Thermal stability of molecules 69
2.3.5 OFETs performance 71
2.4 Conclusion 77
2.5 Bibliography 78
Chapter 3. Structure-Property Relationship of Isoindigo and Thienoisoindigo as Acceptor Units in D-A Polymers 79
3.1 Introduction 79
3.2 Experimental 83
3.2.1 Synthesis 83
3.2.2 Instruments and measurements 93
3.2.3 Fabrication and evaluation of organic thin-film transistors 95
3.3 Results and Discussion 96
3.3.1 Theoretical molecular orbital calculation used density
functional theory (DFT) 96
3.3.2 Optical and electrochemical properties of polymers 100
3.3.3 Thermal properties of polymers 107
3.3.4 GI-XRD analysis 109
3.3.5 OFETs performance 112
3.3.6 Morphology studies of polymer OFET devices 118
3.4 Conclusion 123
3.5 Bibliography 125
Abstract in Korean 126
List of Presentation 129Maste
Experiences of infertile women
๊ฐํธํ๊ณผ/๋ฐ์ฌ[ํ๊ธ]
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ถ์์ฌ์ฑ์ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์ ๋
๋ฅตํ ๊ฐ๋ถ์ฅ์ ๋ฌธํ์์์ ์ด๋ ํ ๊ฒฝํ์ ํ๋์ง๋ฅผ ํด์์ ํจ๋ฌ๋ค์์ผ๋ก ํ์
ํจ์ผ๋ก์ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐํธ์ฌ๋ค์ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ๋๊ณ ์ค์ ๋ก ๊ฐํธ ์ํ์ ๋์์ด ๋๊ณ ์ ํ๋ฉฐ, ๋์์ ๋ฌธํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ง์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ถ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ํตํ์ฌ ๊ฐํธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ฌํ๊ณ ์ ์๋๋์๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋์์ ๋ถ์์ ์ํ์ ์ง๋จ ๋ฐ ์น๋ฃ๊ณผ์ ์ ์๋ ์๋ฐ์ฑ ๋ถ์์ฌ์ฑ์ด๋ ์์ ์ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ์๋ ์๋ฐ์ฑ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ผ๋ก 31๋ช
์ด์๋ค.
์๋ฃ ์์ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ฉด๋ด ์๋ด์ง๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ์ฌ์ธต ๋ฉด๋ด, ์ ํ ๋ฉด๋ด ๋ฐ ๊ด์ฐฐ ์ด์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์๋ฃ ์์ง๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ 1992๋
4์๋ถํฐ 9์๊น์ง ์๋ค. ์๋ฃ ๋ถ์์ ์๋ฃ ์์ง๊ณผ ๋์์ ๋น๊ต, ๋ถ์ ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, Spradley(1979, 1780)์ ์์ญ๋ถ์, ๋ถ๋ฅ๋ถ์, ์ฑ๋ถ๋ถ์ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์ ๋ถ์์ผ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง๋ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ์๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ์์ฌ์ฑ์๊ฒ์ ์์์ ์๋ฏธ๋ ๋๋ฅผ ์ด์ด์ฃผ๊ณ , ๋ถ๋ถ ๊ณต๋์ ์ถ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ค์ผ๋ก์จ ๋ถ๋ถ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ง์์ํค๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋์ ์กด์ฌ๋ฅผ ํ์ธ์์ผ์ฃผ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๊ณ ๋
ธํ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฅํด ์ฃผ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋๊ตฌ์ ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์กฐ๋์๋ค. ๋ถ์์ ์๋ฏธ๋ ์์ ์ ๋ํ ๋์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๊น์ด ๊ด์ฌ๋จ์ ์ ์ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ๋ง์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๋์๋ค๋ก์ ์๋ถ๋ชจ, ๋ฐฐ์ฐ์ ๋ฐ ๋๋์ง๋จ์ ํ๋๊ฐ ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ ๋ถ์์ ์๋ฏธ๋ ๋์ฑ ์
์ฆ๋ ์ ์์๋ค.
๋ถ์์ ์ํ์ ๊ฒ์ฌ, ์น๋ฃ์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ๊ฒฝํ์์๋ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ๋ถ์์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ฐ์ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ก ๋ฐ์๋ค์ฌ ๋จผ์ ๋ณ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๋ถ์์ ๊ฒ์ฌ, ์น๋ฃ๊ณผ์ ์์๋ ๋ณ์์ ์์ง์ ๋๋ ์ํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฎ๊ธฐ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ค๋จํ๋ ์ผ์ด ๋น๋ฒํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ ์ด ํ์์ ์์ฌ
์ ์ ๋ฌธ์ฑ, ๋ณ์๊ณผ์ ์ฐ๋, ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ ์ ์๋ฐ์ ์ํด์ ์๋ค. ์ด์ธ์๋ ๊ฒ์ฌ์ ์น๋ฃ ๊ณผ์ ์ค์ ์ ์ฒด์ ๊ณ ํต๊ณผ ์ ์ ์ ๋ถ๋ด์ ๊ฒฝํํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ถ์์ ์๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ์์ ์ํ์ ๊ฒ์ฌ, ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น๋ฉด์ ๋ณผ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ์ฌํ์ ๊ด๊ณ์์์ ๋ณํ์ ํจ๊ป ๋ค์ํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋จผ์ ๋ถ๋ถ๊ด๊ณ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ
๊ด๊ณ์์์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์๊ทนํ ๋๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด์๋ค. ์ฆ, ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ๋ถ๋ถ๊ด๊ณ๋ ๊ฒฐํผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด ๊ธธ์ด์ง๋ฉด์ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ์์ ๋ถ์์ ์๋ฏธ์ ์ถ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ํด์ ์์ฃผ ๋ฐ์ฐฉ๋๋ ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ์ ์ฐจ ๋ฉ์ด์ง๋ ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฉ์ด์ง๋ ๋ถ๋ถ๊ด๊ณ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ ์ฑ๊ด๊ณ, ์ ์ ํํ ๋ฐ ์ํํ๋์์ ๋ถ๋ง์กฑ์ค๋ฌ์ด ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๊ฐ์กฑ๊ด๊ณ์์๋ ๋ถ์์ฌ์ฑ์ ๋จ์ ์ง์ ๋ค์ด์ ์ฌ์๋ก์จ ์์ ์ ์ญํ ์ ๋ชปํ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํจ์ผ๋ก์ ์๋ถ๋ชจ์๊ฒ ์ํ๋ ค๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ด ์๊ณ ์ด๋ก ์ธํด ์๋๊ณผ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ ์์ฃผ ์๋งํด์ง๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฉด ๋ถ์์ ๊ฒ์ฌ, ์น๋ฃ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ
๋ฉด์ ์ง์์ ์ํํ๊ฒ ๋๊ณ ์๋ก์ ์
์ฅ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ์ดํด ๋ถ์กฑ์ผ๋ก ๋ถํธํ ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ๋๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค. ์น๊ตฌ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ ์ฌํ์ ๊ด๊ณ์์๋ ๊ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋น์ทํ ์ฒ์ง์ ์น๊ตฌ์ ์ด์๊ณผ๋ ๊ฐ๊น์์ง๋ ์ ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ๊ณ ์ฌ๋ ์ด์์ด๋ ์น๊ตฌ์๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋๋ ํ์์ด ๋๋๋ฌ์ก๋ค. ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ์ ์์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์์ ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ง๊ณ ์์ ์๋ง ๋งค๋ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ง์ฐฉ์ ๋งค๋ฌ๋ฆผ, ์ถ์ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ง๋ ๋ฏํ ๋๋์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ ๋ค์ด๊ณ , ๋ถ๊ตฌ์ ๋๋๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ์์ถ๊ฐ, ์ฃ์ฑ
๊ฐ, ๋๋ผ์, ๋ถ๋
ธ๊ฐ, ์กฐ๊ธํจ, ๋ถ์๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์๋ฌ์ ๋ฑ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋ถ์์ฌ์ฑ์ด ๋ถ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ค๋ก๋ ใ์ํ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์์ ํ๋ ค๊ณ ์ฎ๊ฒจ๋ค๋๋คใ ใ๋ฌด์์ ์ ์์ด๋ ์ข
๊ต์ ์์งํ๋คใ ใ๋จํธ์ด๋ ์ดํด ํด์ฃผ๋ ํ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒ์ง์ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ๋ค๊ณผ ๋ํ๋ฅผ ๋๋๋คใ ใํผ์ ์ญํ๋คใ ใ์์ผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ์ทจ๋ฏธ์ํ ๋ฐ ์ฌํํ๋ ๋ฑ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์๊ฒ ์ง๋ธ๋คใ ใ์๋ ๊ทธ๋๋ก ๋ฐ์๋ค์ธ๋คใ ใ์์ ์ ์ฒ์ง๋ณด๋ค ๋ชปํ ๋จ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ
๋คใ ใํฌ๋ง์ ๊ฐ๋๋คใ ใ๊ธฐ๋ถ์ ํ์ ํ๋คใ ใ์ก์ฒด์ ๋
ธ๋์ ํ๋คใ ๋ฑ์ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ค์ ํจ๊ป ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ์ ์์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ด๋ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ถ์์ ์๋ฏธ, ์ถ์ ๋ฐฉ์, ๋ถ์ ์์ธ์ ์ฃผ์ฒด, ๋ถ๋ถ๊ด๊ณ, ๊ฐ์กฑ๊ด๊ณ ๋ฐ ์ฌํ์ ๊ด๊ณ์ ๋ง์กฑ์ ๋์ ๋ถ์๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ค์ด ๋ณตํฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ด๊ณ๋์ด ๋ํ๋๋ ํ์์์ด ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ํ์
๋์๋ค.
๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ๊ฐํธํ๋ ๊ฐํธ์ฌ๋ ๋ถ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ด ๋ถ์๊ณผ ์ํ์ ์ง๋จ ๋ฐ ์น๋ฃ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ๋ถ๊ด๊ณ, ๊ฐ์กฑ๊ด๊ณ ๋ฐ ์ฌํ์ ๊ด๊ณ์์์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ๋๋ฐ๋๊ณ ์ด๋ก ์ธํด ๋ค์ํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒฝํ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ดํดํ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋์์์ ์๊ตฌ์ ๋ง๋ ์ค์ ์ ์ ๋ณด์ ๊ธฐ์ดํ ๊ต์ก๊ณผ ์ง์ง๊ฐํธ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํด ์ค ์ ์์ด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํ์ฌ ๊ต์ก ์๋ฃ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ, ์ง์ง์ง๋จ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ฑ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐํธ ์น๋ฃ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํด์ผ ํ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ณธ๋ค.
[์๋ฌธ]
This study intends to give practicing nurses not only well -understanding of the infertile but actual help in nursing practice of feeling with them by describing the experiences by the infertile in the man-oriented cut tune with the method of analytical paradigm. At the same time this study intends to contribute to the research methods on nursing through ethnographical analysis.
The number of the subjects on this study is 31. Some of them are in primary infertility and others in secondary infertility with experiences of pregnancy before.
The Methodological pattern used in this study is ethnography. The data-collecting method is based on the in-depth interviews performed by the interview guide, phone interviews and observations.
All the data and information has been collected from April to September. 1992, nearly six months. The data analysis has been performed at the very time of the data collection based on the Spradley's developmental sequential method of domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analaysis and theme analysis in order.
The results are as follows:
The meaning of a child to the infertile is to succeed the irgeneration, maintain the conjugal relationship in the proper manner, give reasons for being themselves and prepare for retirement. The study shows that the infetility leads to the search for altlernative plans for biologic parents. It is the attitudes of the infertile's(her) parents-in-law, her husband and her peer group that influence the suffering experiences by the infertile.
On the infertile's experiences during medical examination and treatment, she visits a clinic thinking it is her own problem. After first visit, she merit of time moves to another clinic "vertically" or"horizontally" or stop visiting clinics. These activities are caused by the matters on the expertise of a doctor, relationship with the clinic, confidential its of the clinic on privacy and financial pressure. They experience physical and mental pains.
The infertile are going through various types of emotional experiences according to the change of the social relationships caused by the infertility, ensuing medical exsams and treatment.
The infertile's experience with husbands has tendency to polarize in two opposite ways. One type is that the conjugal relationship is getting better or more intimate because of the husband's more attention to the infertile after knowing the infertility. The other is that the relationship is getting worse and the two is estranged to each other mainly because of the husband's indifference or ill-use of the problem. The study shows that they are not satisfied on each other in terms of sex life, expression of affection and living attitude.
In the relationships with other members of the husband-side family, the infertile thinks that she is not doing her role as a woman in the parents-in-law's domain. To offset this inferiority, she tends to do better in the other aspects of life such as cooking, appearance, knowledge, money-making (if employed) and individual relationship with them. However, her spending time and effort on the medical exams and treatment outside of the home and their lack of understanding the infertile causes the problems, which makes her uneasy and uncomfortable.
In the relatiohships with other people outside the "home", those who have experiences of infertility can understand her better and develop good friendship. In the mean time the infertile has difficulty in establishing good relationship
with those who are fertile, having children. The infertile tends to relate most of emotional experience to the matter of pregnancy. She is thinking about the pregnancy, clings to that possibility, consider the daily life as static, not dynamic one. Further she feels herself handicapped, guilty, oversensitive, angry, uneasy and sad somtimes.
The infertile trys to overcome those matters caused by the infertility by employing positive and/or negative methods such as for lowing:
(1) to run around to find medical solutions. (2) to have communications with understanding husband or other infertile women. (3) to contain all emotional suffering inside herself. (4) to live aggressive daily life doing hobbies and social activities. (5) to accept as it is. (6) to get some consolation by comparing her with other needy and inferior. (7) to refresh herself (8) to do heavy physical labor and not at low herself to indulge in the pregnancy matter.
In conclusion, this study finds that the experience of the infertile is a complicated one intermingled with such issues as the meaning of the infertility, life style, conjugal relationships, family matters, social relationships, emotion
and coping methods of infertility.
Consequentley, the nursing staff in a infertility clinic should have a good understanding of those various types of emotional experiences caused by the conjugal, family and social relationships on the part of the infertile. With tai s understanding the nursing staff can respond better to the demmands of the infertile by providing quality support and nursing. To get into this level of quality nursing practice, the various nursing therapeutic modelsk should be established including the development of the educational material and the organization of the support groups.restrictio
(A)Study on the characteristics of moral education in North Korea : A Comparison with Japanese colonial education
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ค๋ฆฌ๊ต์ก๊ณผ,2005.Maste
Regulatory mechanism of 66 Shc expression by TSH in FRTL-5 cells
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์ํ๊ณผ ๋ด๊ณผํ์ ๊ณต,2002.Docto
Factors influencing Self-care behaviors among elderly individuals undergoing hemodialysis.
Backgrounds: With the emergence of Koreaโs ultra-aging society, the number of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis is expected to increase continuously. Therefore, the importance of self-care for elderly patients hemodialysis is more emphasized. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing self-care behaviors among elderly individuals undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected from October to November 2020 for 154 elderly(aged โฅ 65 years) patients who were undergoing hemodialysis at two university-affiliated hospitals and three primary care hospitals in Seoul. The participants completed self-report questionnaires regarding self-care behaviors, dialysis symptoms, self-efficacy, health literacy, depression, subjective memory complaints, and frailty. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearsonโs correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. Results: Overall, the levels of self-care behaviors, self-efficacy, and health literacy were reported as moderate to high in this study. The subjective memory complaints score was low. Among a total of 30 types of hemodialysis symptoms, the average number of symptoms currently experienced was 8.5ยฑ6.0 in the participants. Of all participants, 44.2% were found to be depressed and 20.8% were in a frail state. The participantsโ self-care behavior showed significant correlations with self-efficacy (r=.598, p<.001), health literacy (r=.450, p<.001) and subjective memory complaints (r=-.256, p<.001). Regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy (ฮฒ=.475, p<.001) and health literacy (ฮฒ=.193, p=.020) were significant influencing factors on self-care behaviors. This regression model accounted for 38.4% of the variance. Key words : Elderly, Patients undergoing hemodialysis, Self-care, Self-efficacy, Health literacy Conclusion: The results suggest that strategies for enhancing self-efficacy would improve self-care behaviors in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. It is necessary to prepare nursing interventions to enhance self-efficacy in order to improve the self-care behavior levels among elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. In addition, the development and application of tailored self-care education programs that examine and modify the level of health literacy in each individual are needed.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ธ๋ ์ ์งํฌ์์ ๋ฐ๋ 65์ธ ์ด์์ ๋
ธ์ธ ํ์กํฌ์ ํ์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ, ํ์กํฌ์ ๊ด๋ จ ์ฆ์ ์ ๋, ์ฐ์ธ, ์ฃผ๊ด์ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ ๊ฐํด ๋ฐ ๋
ธ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ์ ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์์ ์ ํก๋จ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐํ๋ ์ค๋ฌธ์ง์ ์๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ก์ ํตํด ์๋ฃ์์งํ์๊ณ , ์์ธ์ ์์ฌ 3์ฐจ ์ข
ํฉ๋ณ์ 2๊ณณ์ ํ์กํฌ์์ค๊ณผ 1์ฐจ ํ์กํฌ์๋ณ์ 3๊ณณ์์ 2020๋
10์๋ถํฐ 11์๊น์ง ์งํ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ต์ข
154๋ช
์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋์๋ค. ์์ง๋ ์๋ฃ๋ SPSS 25.0 ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค. 1. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋์์์ ํ๊ท ์ฐ๋ น์ 73.6ยฑ5.89์ธ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, 65-74์ธ์ ๋์์๊ฐ 56.5%๋ก ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์๋ค. ๊ต์ก์์ค์ ์คํ๊ต ์กธ์
์ดํ๋ 40.2%, ๋ํ ์กธ์
์ด์์ด 31.2%๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์ฃผ ๋๋ด์ ๊ณต์๋ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ์์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ 62.3%๋ก ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์๋ค. 2. ๋์์์ ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธ ์์ค์ ์ค์ ์ ๋(ํ๊ท ํ์ 5์ ๋ง์ ์ค 3.8ยฑ0.43์ ) ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๊ทธ ํ์์์ญ ์ค์์๋ ์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ณต์ฉ ์ ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋์๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋ค์์ผ๋ก ๋์ ๋งฅ๋ฃจ ๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ์ ์ฒด๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๋์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ์ฌํํ๋ ์ ์๋ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฎ์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋์์์ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ ์์ค์ ์ค์ ์ ๋๋ก ์ธก์ ๋์๊ณ , ์ฃผ๊ด์ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ ๊ฐํด ์ ์๋ ๋ฎ์ ์์ค์ผ๋ก ์ธก์ ๋์๋ค. ์ด 30๊ฐ์ง ํ์กํฌ์ ์ฆ์ ๋ถ๋ฅ ์ค ๋์์๋ค์ด ํ์ฌ ๊ฒช๊ณ ์๋ ์ฆ์์ ํ๊ท 8.5ยฑ6.0๊ฐ๋ก ํ์ธ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋น๋ฒํ๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ฆ์์ ๊ฐ๋ ค์์ฆ, ํผ๋ถ๊ฑด์กฐ, ํผ๋ก ๋๋ ํ๋ ฅ๋ถ์กฑ ์์ด์๊ณ , ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ฆ์์ ์๋ฉด ์ ์ง์ ์ด๋ ค์, ์ ๋ค๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ค์, ๊ทผ์ฌ ๊ฑฑ์ ์์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์ฐ์ธ ์์ค์ ์ธก์ ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋์์ ์ค 44.2%๊ฐ ์ฐ์ธํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋
ธ์ ํ ์ํ์ ๋์์๋ 20.8%๋ก ์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋ค. 3. ๋์์์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ ์ง๋ณ๊ด๋ จ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธ ์ ๋๋ ์ฃผ ๋๋ด์ ๊ณต์๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ(t=-2.689, p=0.008) ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธํ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ํต๊ณํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๋์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๊ทธ ์ธ์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ ์ง๋ณ๊ด๋ จ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธํ์๋ ํต๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์์๋ค. 4. ๋
ธ์ธ ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธ ์ ๋๋ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ(r=.598, p<.001) ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ(r=.450, p<.001)๊ณผ ํต๊ณํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ ์์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๊ณ , ์ฃผ๊ด์ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ ๊ฐํด(r=-.256, p<.001)์๋ ํต๊ณํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ ์์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. 5. ๋
ธ์ธ ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธ ์ ๋์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ์ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจํ์ ์ค๋ช
๋ ฅ์ 38.4%์๋ค. ๋์์์ ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธ ์์ค์ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋์์๋ก(ฮฒ=.475, p<.001), ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ์ด ๋์์๋ก(ฮฒ=.193, p=.020) ๋์์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ํ์ธ๋์๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ๋
ธ์ธ ํ์กํฌ์ํ์์ ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธ๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ, ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ด์ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ ๊ฐํด๊ฐ ํต๊ณํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ์ด ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์ธ์์ ๋์ถํ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์, ํ์กํฌ์์ ๋ฐ๋ ๋
ธ์ธ ๋์์์ ์๊ฐ๊ฐํธ ์์ค์ ํฅ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ์ ์ฆ์งํ๋ ๊ฐํธ์ค์ฌ ๋ง๋ จ์ด ํ์ํ๋ฉฐ, ๋
ธ์ธ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๋ฌธํด๋ ฅ ์์ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ ๊ฐํด์ ๊ฐ์ ์ธ์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์์ค์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ ๋ง์ถคํ ์๊ฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ ๊ต์กํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฉ์ด ์๊ตฌ๋๋ค.open์
The Effect of negatively charged beads on healing of the cranial bone defects in rats
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์น์ํ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ์
์๋ฉด์ธ๊ณผํ์ ๊ณต,1997.Docto
๊ฐ๊ตฌ์๋๊ณผ ์ ๋ถ์ ์ด์ ์๋์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ๊ธ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์ ์ฑ
ํ๊ณผ, 2011.8. ๊น์ค๊ธฐ.Maste
Effects of vitamin E supplementation and fat source on kidney function and lipid peroxidation in adriamycin treated rats
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์ํ์์ํ๊ณผ,1999.Docto
ํ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋ธ์ค๋ณ๊ณผ Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 ์ ์ ์ ๋คํ์ฑ์ ์ฐ๊ด์ฑ
Thesis (master`s)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์ํ๊ณผ ๋ด๊ณผํ์ ๊ณต,2000.Maste
๋ฐฑ์๋๊ฐ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์๋ชจ๋ธ์์ ๊ตญ์์ฃผ์ ํ osteopontin๊ธฐ์ ์ฝ๋ผ์ ๊ฒฐํฉ ๋ถ์์ ์์ ์ฑ ๋ฐ ์์ฒด๋ถํฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์น์๊ณผํ๊ณผ, 2011.8. ์ค์์กฐ.Maste
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