26 research outputs found

    Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Fractions from Angelica Keiskei

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ‹ν’ˆμ˜μ–‘ν•™κ³Ό,2008.2.Maste

    (Le) heros et l`anti-heros dans Roberto Zucco de Bernard-Marie Koltes

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :λΆˆμ–΄λΆˆλ¬Έν•™κ³Ό(λΆˆλ¬Έν•™μ „κ³΅),2010.2.Maste

    전이 κΈˆμ† μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό νŒμƒ λ‚˜λ…Έκ²°μ •μ˜ ν•©μ„±κ³Ό 뢄석 및 μ‘μš©

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 화학생물곡학뢀, 2013. 8. ν˜„νƒν™˜.이차원 λ‚˜λ…Έ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€ 이차원 λͺ¨μ–‘λ§Œμ˜ λ…νŠΉν•œ μ„±μ§ˆλ“€λ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ ν•™κ³„μ—μ„œ 관심 λ°›κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄λ‹€. 그에 따라, 졜근 2D μ „μ΄κΈˆμ† μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό 합성에 κ΄€ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 연ꡬ가 λ°œν‘œλ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 이 ν•™μœ„ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 상ν–₯식 접근방법을 톡해 2D κΈˆμ† μ‚°ν™”λ¬Ό λ‚˜λ…Έμž…μžλ₯Ό ν•©μ„±ν•˜κ³  이λ₯Ό μ‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ 방법에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ κΈ°μˆ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 처음으둜, μ—΄λΆ„ν•΄ 방법을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 측상 ν˜• ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” 맀우 얇은 산화망간 λ‚˜λ…Έν”Œλ ˆμ΄νŠΈλ₯Ό ν•©μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene을 산화망간 λ‚˜λ…Έ ν”Œλ ˆμ΄νŠΈμ˜ λ¦¬κ°„λ“œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν‘œλ©΄μ„ 효과적으둜 μ œμ–΄ ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ„ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, λΆ„μž κ°„ 인λ ₯μ„ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬2μ°¨μ›λΌλ©œλΌ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” μ•½1λ‚˜λ…Έμ •λ„μ˜λ‘κ»˜λ₯Όμ§€λ‹ˆλŠ”μ‚°ν™”λ§κ°„μ„ν•©μ„±ν• μˆ˜μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌμš©λ§€μ™€λ¦¬κ°„λ“œμ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 파이-파이인λ ₯μ„μ‘°μ ˆν•˜μ—¬μ‚°ν™”λ§κ°„ λ‚˜λ…Έν”Œλ ˆμ΄νŠΈμ˜κΈΈμ΄λ₯Ό 8 nmμ—μ„œ70nmκΉŒμ§€μ‘°μ ˆν• μˆ˜μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, ν‘œλ©΄κ°œμ§ˆ λ°˜μ‘μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ λ‚˜λ…Έν”Œλ ˆμ΄νŠΈ ν‘œλ©΄μ„ μΉœμˆ˜ν™” μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 이λ₯Ό 자기곡λͺ…μ˜μƒ μ‘°μ˜μ œλ‘œμ‘μš©ν•˜μ—¬μžκΈ°κ³΅λͺ…μ˜μƒμ¦κ°• 효과λ₯Όλ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œμ•žμ—μ„œν•©μ„±λœμ‚°ν™”λ§κ°„ λ‚˜λ…Έν”Œλ ˆμ΄νŠΈλ₯Όμ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬,μ†Œλ“μ‚°ν™”λ§κ°„κ΅¬μ‘°λ₯Όμ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œν•©μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.μ†Œλ“μ‚°ν™”λ§κ°„ λ‚˜λ…Έμž…μžμ˜ λͺ¨μ–‘κ³Όν¬κΈ°λŠ”μ‚°ν™”λ§κ°„ λ‚˜λ…Έν”Œλ ˆμ΄νŠΈμ˜ 크기λ₯Όλ³€ν™”μ‹œμΌœμ„œ μ œμ–΄κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, κ·Έμ˜κ²°μ •κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” 측상 거리가 μ•½ 0.56 λ‚˜λ…Έλ―Έν„° 떨어진 turbostratic ꡬ쑰둜 λ°ν˜€μ‘Œλ‹€. 결정성이 쒋은 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ˜¨λ„λ₯Ό λ†’μ—¬ μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬λ₯Όμ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œμΈ΅μƒν˜•κ΅¬μ‘°μΈ P2-Na0.7MnO2.05 마이크둜 μž…μžλ‘œλ³€ν™”λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œμ†Œλ“μ‚°ν™”λ§κ°„μΈ΅μƒκ΅¬μ‘°μ²΄λŠ”μ†Œλ“μ΄μ˜¨λ°°ν„°λ¦¬μ˜μ–‘κ·Ήλ¬Όμ§ˆλ‘œμ μš©λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, κΈ°μ‘΄μ—λ°œν‘œλœμ†Œλ“μ‚°ν™”λ§κ°„λ¬Όμ§ˆ μ „κ·Ήμ—λΉ„ν•΄μš©λŸ‰μ˜μ¦κ°€λΏμ•„λ‹ˆλΌμ•ˆμ •λœμΆ©λ°©μ „νŠΉμ„±μ„λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μ•½ 0.5 nm λ‘κ»˜μ˜ 맀우 얇은 νƒ€μ΄νƒ€λ„€μ΄νŠΈ λ‚˜λ…Έμ‹œνŠΈ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•©μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•©μ„±λœ λ‚˜λ…Έμž…μžλŠ” μ•ŒμΉΌλ¦¬ μš©μ•‘κ³Όμ˜ λ°˜μ‘μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ†μ‰½κ²Œ μΈ΅μƒν˜•κ΅¬μ‘°λ‘œ 쑰립할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 이 과정을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ λ‘κ»˜λ‚˜ λͺ¨μ–‘은 λ³€ν™” 없이 μ†Œμˆ˜μ„±μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ΄ μΉœμˆ˜μ„±μœΌλ‘œ 개질 λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν‘œλ©΄μ²˜λ¦¬λœ λ‚˜λ…Έμ‹œνŠΈλ₯Ό 리튬 이온 배터리 음극물질둜 ν™œμš©λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 얇은 2Dꡬ쑰λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ•ˆμ •μ μ΄λ©° λΉ λ₯Έ μΆ©λ°©μ „ νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€.Two-dimensional (2D) nanocrystals have attracted tremendous attention from many researchers in various disciplines, because of their unique properties. Recently, several studies on the colloidal synthesis of 2D transition metal oxide nanostructures have been reported. This dissertation describes the synthesis and utilization of 2D metal oxide nanostructures via the bottom-up approach. Firstly, lamellar-structured ultrathin manganese oxide nanoplates have been synthesized from the thermal decomposition of manganese(II) acetylacetonate in the presence of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, which promoted 2D growth by acting not only as a strongly binding ligand but also as a structure-directing agent. The pi–pi interactions between the 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene promoted the synthesis of ultrathin manganese oxide nanoplates with thicknesses of ca. 1 nm. Additionally, the nanoplate widths could be controlled in the range 8–70 nm by controlling the pi–pi interactions using various coordinating solvents. These hydrophobic manganese oxide nanoplates were ligand-exchanged with amine-terminated poly(ethyleneglycol) to generate water-dispersible nanoplates and applied to T1 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They exhibited very high longitudinal relaxivity value of up to 5.5 mMβˆ’1 sβˆ’1 due to the high concentration of manganese ions exposed on the surface. Secondly, layered sodium manganese oxide nanomaterials were successfully synthesized using ultrathin manganese oxide nanoplates as precursors. The crystal structure of the nanostructured sodium manganese oxides was revealed to be a turbostratic structure. Further, the crystal structure of nanostructured sodium manganese oxide was successfully transformed to P2-Na0.7MnO2.05 by heat treatment. The prepared sodium manganese oxide materials were applied as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. The materials were shown to deliver high capacity with stable cycling performance. Finally, ultrathin titanate nanosheets with a thickness of 0.5 nm were successfully synthesized from the non-hydrolytic sol–gel reaction of tetraoctadecyl orthotitanate via the heat-up method. The synthesized nanosheets were easily assembled into layered structures by reaction with hydroxide ion in basic solutions such as LiOH, NaOH, and KOH. The layer-structured nanosheets were employed as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The nanosheet materials showed fast rapid charging and discharging rates as well as stable cycling due to mechanical stability of the 2D structure. Ultrathin morphology of 2D titanate electrodes affected not only the diffusion path of Li+ ions but also the reaction mechanism from the insertion reaction of the crystal interior to the surface reaction. Furthermore, electrodes composed of layer-structured nanosheets exhibited superior cycling and rate performances.Chapter 1 Review of Chemical Synthesis and Applications of Two-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Synthesis of 2D Metal Oxide Nanocrystals 8 1.2.1 Exfoliation of Inorganic Layered Compounds 8 1.2.2 Direct Synthesis of Nanosheets using Colloidal Chemistry 15 1.2.2.1 Elimination of High Energy Facet During Crystal Structure 17 1.2.2.2 Application of Structure-Directing Agents for the Formation of Soft Templates. 21 1.2.2.3 Use of Ligands That Selectively Adhere as Surfactants to Specific Facets 27 1.3 Application of 2D Metal Oxide Nanostructures 31 1.3.1 Assembly Methods of Exfoliated Nanosheets 32 1.3.2 2D Nanostructures for Energy Storage Electrode Materials 38 1.4 Dissertation Overview 39 1.5 References 42 Chapter 2 Large-scale Synthesis of Ultrathin Manganese Oxide Nanoplates and their Applications to Highly Efficient T1 MRI Contrast Agents 49 2.1 Introduction 49 2.2 Experimental Section 52 2.3 Results and Discussion 58 2.4 Conclusion 89 2.5 References 90 Chapter 3 Synthesis of Layered Sodium Manganese Oxide for Sodium-Ion Battery Cathodes 95 3.1 Introduction 95 3.2 Experimental Section 97 3.3 Results and Discussion 100 3.4 Conclusion 120 3.5 References 121   Chapter 4 Two-dimensional Assemblies of Ultrathin Titanate Nanosheets for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes 124 4.1 Introduction 124 4.2 Experimental Section 127 4.3 Results and Discussion 131 4.4 Conclusion 152 4.5 References 153 Bibliography 157 κ΅­λ¬Έ 초둝 (Abstract in Korean) 163Docto

    A Study on Tone Marks Added to Japanese Proper Nouns in the Toshoryo Manuscript of Nihonshoki

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    쒅합병원 질ν–₯상 사업 λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžμ˜ 직무만쑱, 쑰직λͺ°μž…에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    병원행정학과/석사[ν•œκΈ€] λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 질 ν–₯상 사업 λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ, λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžλ“€μ˜ 개인적 νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό μ—…λ¬΄νŠΉμ„±, 직무만쑱, 쑰직λͺ°μž…κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μš”μΈλ“€μ„ 규λͺ…ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 질 ν–₯상 사업 ν™œμ„±ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 기초자료λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³ μž μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ „κ΅­ 400병상 이상 μ’…ν•©λ³‘μ›μ˜ 질 ν–₯상 업무 λ‹΄λ‹Ήμž 95λͺ… λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μš°νŽΈμ„€λ¬Έμ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 이쀑 65λͺ…을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ μ£Όμš”κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, 개인적 νŠΉμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ™€ 쑰직λͺ°μž…에 λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„κ΅μ—μ„œ 유λŠ₯감이 λ†’μ„μˆ˜λ‘ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„κ°€ λ†’μ•˜κ³ , ν†΅μ œκΈ°μ „μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν•­λͺ©μ—λŠ” 직무만쑱과 쑰직λͺ°μž…에 λŒ€ν•œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이가 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ—…λ¬΄νŠΉμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„κ΅μ—μ„œ 질 ν–₯상 λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžκ°€ QIμ—…λ¬΄μ˜ κ³„νšμˆ˜λ¦½μ— 적극적으둜 μ°Έμ—¬ν• μˆ˜λ‘ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ™€ 쑰직λͺ°μž…도가 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. λ³‘μ›μ§μ›κ°„μ˜ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ΄ μ›ν™œν• μˆ˜λ‘ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„κ°€ 높은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ™”λ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, 지원체계에 λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„κ΅μ—μ„œ 릴I업무λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ—…λ¬΄κΆŒν•œμ΄λ‚˜ μœ„μƒμ΄ 높아진 경우 μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ™€ 쑰직λͺ°μž…이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. 졜고경영자, 상사, λ³‘μ›μ˜ 직원듀이 QIν™œλ™μ„ 적극적으둜 μ§€μ›ν• μˆ˜λ‘ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ™€ 쑰직λͺ°μž…이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. λ„·μ§Έ, 쑰직문화에 λŒ€ν•œ λ³€μˆ˜μ—μ„œ 직무에 λŒ€ν•œ μžμœ¨μ„±μ΄ λ†’μ„μˆ˜λ‘ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ™€ 쑰직λͺ°μž…도가 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. 곡식화 ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ λ³‘μ›μ˜ 쑰직과 μ œλ„κ°€ μ²΄κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄ 업무가 일관성 있게 μ²˜λ¦¬λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 쑰직일수둝 쑰직λͺ°μž…이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. ν†΅μ œ/κΆŒμœ„μ  ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ κ΄€ 리자의 κΆŒν•œκ³Ό μ±…μž„μ΄ λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ³  ꡬ체적일수둝 쑰직λͺ°μž…이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. 지원적 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅ ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ κ΅¬μ„±μ›μ˜ ν˜‘λ™μ •μ‹ κ³Ό 단체정신이 κ°•ν• μˆ˜λ‘ 쑰직λͺ°μž…이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. 정체성 ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ λ³‘μ›μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œ, κ°€μΉ˜κ΄€, 신념 등이 κ°•μ‘°λœ 쑰직일수둝 μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ™€ 쑰직λͺ°μž…이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. 합리적 보상 ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ ν‰κ°€λ‚˜ μŠΉμ§„κΈ°νšŒκ°€ κ³΅ν‰ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λŠλΌλŠ” 쑰직일수둝 μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ™€ 쑰직λͺ°μž…이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. κ°ˆλ“±ν•΄μ†Œ ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ ꡿은 일은 μ„œλ‘œ μ•žμž₯μ„œμ„œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 쑰직일수둝 쑰직λͺ°μž…이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. 창의적/μœ„ν—˜κ°μˆ˜ ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 일을 적극적으둜 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜λŠ” 쑰직일수둝 쑰직λͺ°μž…이 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. μ—¬μ„―μ§Έ, QIμ—…λ¬΄νŠΉμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ™€ 쑰직λͺ°μž…λ„μ˜ λΉ„κ΅μ—μ„œ QIμ „λ‹΄λΆ€μ„œκ°€ μ„€μΉ˜λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ„μˆ˜λ‘, QIμ „λ‹΄μžμΌμˆ˜λ‘ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„κ°€ λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. 일곱째, μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ™€ 쑰직λͺ°μž…도에 λŒ€ν•œ μ„ ν˜•κ΅¬μ‘°λΆ„μ„ κ²°κ³Ό 유λŠ₯감과 지원적 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅λ¬Έν™”λŠ” 지원적 μ—…λ¬΄νŠΉμ„±μ— 긍정적인 영ν–₯을 미쳀으며, 지원적 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅λ¬Έν™”λŠ” 쑰직λͺ°μž…도에도 긍정적인 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ™”λ‹€. 반면, 합리적보상 λ¬Έν™”λŠ” 지원적 μ—…λ¬΄νŠΉμ„± κ³ΌλŠ” λ¬΄κ΄€ν•˜κ²Œ 쑰직λͺ°μž…도에 긍정적인 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ™”λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 지원적 μ—…λ¬΄νŠΉμ„±μ΄ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„λ‚˜ 쑰직λͺ°μž…도에 μœ μ˜ν•œ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ™”λ‹€. [영문] This study bas been performed to provide basic data for activating quality improvement by identifying QI coordinators' individual characteristics, job characteristics, job satisfaction, organizational commitment an other related factors, with the QI coordinators as the study subject. For this purpose questionnaires were mail to 95 QI coordinators of general hospital with more than 400 beds across the country, of which 65 coordinators answered. Main results of the study are as follows. 1. Major population-social characteristics of the subject are as follows by gender- female occupy 72.3%; by age- people who are aged over 31 under 40 occupy 63.1%, by the period of service- people who have worked for more than 5 years occupy 66.2%, By occupation- nurses occupy 55.4% and by income level- people who earn over one million under two million Won per month occupy the highest percentage. 2. Individual characteristics for job satisfaction and organizational commitment were compared. It was revealed that the sense of self-efficiency was in direct proportion to job satisfaction. For the item, Lous of control, job satisfaction and organizational commitment showed no significant difference. 3. The comparison of job characteristics showed that the active participation of QI coordinators in QI planning was in direct proportion to job satisfaction. Smooth communication among hospital staffs was leading to a high degree of job satisfaction. 4. The comparison of support system revealed that the job satisfaction and the organizational commitment of QI coordinators were in direct proportion to job authority and status. The positive support for QI activities offered by Chief Executive Officers, seniors, and other hospital staff will enhance the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of QI coordinators. 5. In the aspect of the variable of organizational culture, QI coordinators'individualautonomy for their job was in direct proportion to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. For the formalization item, the organization in which the work was systematically and consistently managed showed higher organizational commitment. For the supportive communication item, cooperation and high team spirit were in direct proportion to organizational commitment. For the identity, the organization with clear objectives values and belief showed positive job satisfaction and organizational commitment. For the performance item, positive organization in which one shared the sense of fairness in assessment or promotion opportunity displayed higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment. For the creativity/risk acceptance item, the organization which tried to solve difficulties actively shows higher organizational commitment. 6. The comparison of job satisfaction and organizational commitment for QI job characterestics showed that QI coordinators' job satisfaction was high when there was a department which is exclusively in charge of QI and when they were exclusively in charge of QI. 7. The result of LISREL for job satisfaction and organizational commitment showed that the sense of self-efficiency and the supportive communication culture had positive influence upon supportive job characteristics and the latter also had positive influence upon organizational commitment. on the other hand, the performance reward culture positively influenced organizational commitment, being indifferent to supportive job characteres. However, supportive job characteristics was proved not to have any significant influence upon job satisfaction or organizational commitment.prohibitio

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