라이프스타일(life style)유형분류에 따른 P.I 반응 분석을 중심으로

세계시장이 통합됨에 따라 무한 경쟁체제에서 우리 기업들은 제품의 차별화를 통한 국제 경쟁력을 ?d고해야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 효율적인 디자인 경영과 기업의 정체성 확립을 통한 제품 개발의 일관성을 유지해야 하고 고객의 다양한 요구를 만족시켜 소비자들의 삶에 새로움과 가치를 제공해야 한다는 점이다. 프로덕트 아이덴티티(Product Identity 이하 PI)는 제품디자인을 통해 브랜드와 기업이미지를 향상시켜 소비자에게 전달해주는 기념적 기능과 근본적 기능의 충족이라는 실제적 기능을 함께 수행하는 기업의 전략적 차별화 수단이다. 본 논문에서는 국내기업의 경쟁력 강화와 기업 이미지제고를 위해 PI를 통한 기업의 정체성 확립과 제품 아이덴티티(Identity) 구축해야 한다. 국제적, 문화적, 경제적 경쟁력을 확보하기 위한 소비자 중신에 PI 반응 분석으로 중요한 다지인적 요소를 제시함으로써 일반 디자이너뿐만 아니라 기업의 경영자 이하 제품 다자이너들이 인지하고 실천해야 하는데 의미있는 연구 자료로 유용하게 활용할 수 있는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 아이덴티티, 코퍼레이트 아이덴티티(Corporate Identity 이하 CD. PI.)라이프스타일을 정의해보고 소비자 라이프스타일을 분석하여 PI에 영햐응ㄹ 미치는 요인을 제시하고자 한다. I장. 서론 제품 아이텐티티는 소비자의 라이프스타일 (Life Style)과 생활가치 등에 ?Q라 변화하기 때문에 PI개발에 있어서 소비자 연구는 중요하다. 소비자와 기업 모두를 만족하기 위한 제품 개발하기 위해 PI정립에 필요한 디자인적 요소를 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 문헌조사를 통해 아이덴티티, CI, PI 라이프스타일의 개념을 정의하여 이해하고 본 연구의 한계점을 검토한다. II장. 아이덴티티의 이론 연구 문헌 조사를 통해 아이덴티티 이론 분석, 기업 아이덴티티의 구성요소와 구조를 파악, 아이덴티티 다지안의 유형과 사례를 조사하고 아이덴티티 형성에 영향을 주는 스타일의 주요 요소를 연구한다. III장. PI의 일반적 고찰 제품은 기업의 핵심 요소이다. 그렇게 때문에 PI의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 상품의 브랜드 이미지는 계속적인 프로덕트 아이덴티티의 결과로 생기는 것이고 시스템(System)상품에 있어서는 특히 중요한 부분이다. 3장에서는 PI의 중요성, 기능 및 역할, PI 의 전략 유형에서 제품 아이덴티티 정립의 몇 가지 사례를 들어보고 PI와 제품 사용자의 상관관계에 대해서 연구해 본다. IV장. 라이프스타일에 의한 사용자 그룹 연구 21세기의 새로운 생활관과 변화하는 사회적 추세들을 연구하여 라이프스타일의 변화를 분석하고, 미시적 분석방법인 AIO(Activities, Interest, Opinions)라이프스타일 분석 방법을 통해 소비자의 라이프스타일 유형을 결정해서 유형별 동질집단의 특성과 관심 내용을 분석하고 라이프스타일과 소비자 행동과의 관계를 분석한다. v장. PI와 라이프스타일과 심층적 상관 분석 연구 본 조사에 들어가지 전에 라이프스타일의 선행연구를 토대로 사전조사 연구를 한다. 라이프스타일 생활 유형별로 PI에 대한 아이덴티티 반응 분석을 하여 가능성 검토를 통해 본 조사에서 가설을 설정하고 설문지 분석 방법과 분석 제품군을 설정한다. VI장. 실증 분석 및 결과 소비자 라이프스타일 설문 조사한 결과를 토대로 반응 분석한 결과와 선호도 결과를 시각적 요인을 분석, 선호도와의 상호 연관성을 분석, 이미지 포지셔닝(Image Positoning)과의 관계를 분석 한다. VII장. 결론 PI에 미치는 영향에 대한 요인 분석에 대한 결과를 종합하고, 향후 연구되어야 할 방향에 관해서 언급한다.; World several markets have become a single big world market. Companies need to be competitive in order to survive. They must remain consistent in developing their products. They also must satisfy the various needs of their customers and give newness and the value to the customer s life. In order to remain consistent and satisfy their customers, they need to establish their design management and their identity Product Identity(PI) means to embody and to sustain the brand image through product design. It is to build products identity&uniqueness for customers recognition of brand and its value. It is a strategy of a corporate to gain the trust from customer In this paper, we will discuss how corporate can establish their identity and their product identity through Product Identity in order to increase their competence and uplift the corporate image. We propose a way to help the designers and the management on deciding design factors by analyzing customer s reaction on the product identity, which will help the corporate to gain the global compentence. We will define Identity, Corporate Identity(CI), Product Identity(PI), and Life Style, and then show the close relationship between PI and customer s life style. Section 1. Introduction Because the changes of the cutomer s life style and their preference can affect the product identity, we need to research on the customer s life style. We survey and summarize the concepts of Identity, Corporate Identity, Product Identity, and Life Style. Section 2. Survey of Identity theory By surveying the researches on Identity theory, we identify the elements and the structure of corporate identity. We also study some identity design examples and find out the design styles that affect the formation of the identity. Section 3. Study on Product Identity Product is the major part of a corporate. The consistent activity of Product Identity builds the image of product brand. We discuss the function, the role, and the importance of Product Identity by showing some examples of establishing Product Identity. We study on the relationship between Product Identity and the product user. Section 4. Researching user group by life style We analyze the changes of life style by studying the changes of the social and the life style in 21 centruy. We use the microanalysis method, AIO(Activities, Interests, Opinons), in order to analyze the customer s life style and group them by their similarity, which lead us to tell the relationship between the life style and the customer s preference. Section 5. Study on the relationship between Product Identity and Life Style We study the research on Life Style. We analyze each life style group s reaction on the Product Identity and propose how the cutomer survey should performed and how the customer survey should be analyzed. Section 6. Analysis and result By analyzing the result of the customer survey on his life style and his product image preference, we present the factors that tell the relationship between Image Positioning and the cutomer preference. Section 7. Conclusion We summarize the analysis of the factors that affects on Product Identity and discuss on further research issues.논문개요 = vii A. 연구목적 = 1 B. 연구의 내용 및 방법 = 3 C. 개념정의 = 4 1. 아이덴티티(Identity) = 4 2. CI(Corporate Identity) = 4 3. PI(Product Identity) = 5 4. 라이프스타일(Life Style) = 6 II. 아이덴덴티티(Identity)의 이론연구 = 7 A. 아이덴티티(Identity) 분석 = 7 B. 기업 아이덴티티(Identity) = 8 C. 아이덴티티 디자인(Identity Design) = 10 III. PI(Product Identity)의 일반적 고찰 = 15 A. PI(Product Identity)의 중요성 = 15 1. PI(Product Identity)의 기능 및 역할 = 15 2. PI(Product Identity)의 전략유형 = 17 2.1 유형별 특징 = 17 2.2 PI(Product Identity)정립 사례 = 19 3. PI(Product Identity)와 제품 사용자의 상관관계 = 20 IV. 라이프스타일 (Life Style)에 의한 소비자 그룹 연구 = 21 A. 라이프스타일 (Life Style)의 변화 분석 = 21 B. 라이프스타일 (Life Style) 분석 방법 = 23 C. 라이프스타일 (Life Style) DBGUD = 24 1. 유형화 방법 = 24 2. 유형별 동질집단의 특성 분석 = 25 3. 라이프스타일 (Life Style) 유형별 관심내용분석 = 28 D. 라이프스타일 (Life Style)과 소비자 행동과 의 관계 = 30 V. PI(Product Identity)와 라이프스타일 (Life Style)과의 심층적 상관 분석 연구 = 31 A. 사전 조사 연구 = 31 B. 본 조사 = 34 1. 연구 가설 설정 = 34 2. 설문지 구성 = 35 2.1 조사대상 및 자료수집 = 35 2.2 조사도구의 작성 = 35 3. 분석 방법 = 35 4. 분석 제품군 설정 = 36 VI. 실증 분석 및 결과 = 37 A. 소비자 라이프스타일(Life Style) 설문 조사 결과 = 37 B. 소비자 라이프스타일 (Life Style) 유형별 PI(Product Identity) 반응분석과 선호도 결과 = 37 1. 전통적 무관심형 = 38 2. 합리적 생활 만족형 = 38 3. 진보적 유행 추구형 = 39 4. 보수적 생활 무관심형 = 39 C. 소비자 라이프스타일 (Life Style)유형별 아이덴티티와 선호도 요인분석 = 40 1. PI(Product Identity)에 영향을 미치는 시각적 요인분석 = 40 1.1 형(Shape) = 40 1.2 색채(Color) = 46 1.3 소재(Material) = 55 D. 라이프스타일 (Life Style) 유형별 IP 연구 결과와 선호도와의 상호 연관성 분석 = 58 E. 라이프스타일 유형과 선호도간의 포지셔닝(Image Positioning) 분석 = 59 VII. 결론 A. 연구 결과의 종합 = 63 B. 후속 연구의 가능성 = 65 참고문헌 = 66 ABSTRACT = 68 부록<설문지> = 7

분자마커를 이용한 한국 비단그물버섯속의 계통연구

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 생명과학부, 2014. 2. 임영운.The genus Suillus Micheli ex S.F. Gray, well-known edible fungi, plays on important roles in coniferous forest as ectomycorrhizal fungi. While this genus is easily characterized with fleshy pileus, glutinous or tomentose cap and small glandular dots on the stipe, it is still difficult to identify species based solely on fruiting body morphology. Currently, around 98 Suillus species have been reported worldwide and 13 species have been reported from Korea. The present study focuses on confirming the phylogenetic relationships and to refine the confused taxonomic state of Korean Suillus using a combination of morphological features and a multi gene analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU) rRNA, RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2). On the basis of molecular identification using the ITS sequences, 11 species based on morphological identification were re-identified as nine species: S. americanus, S. bovinus, S. granulatus, S. grevillei, S. luteus, S. pictus, S. placidus, S. viscidus and the previously unrecorded S. subaureus. Out of 118 specimens used in this study, 51 specimens were misidentified (43% misidentification rate) and Suillus granulatus presented the highest misidentification rate. Also, micro-morphological features were insufficient to differentiate the similar Suillus species. Molecular phylogenetic results using the three markers showed that Suillus species were divided into seven clades, six of which were supported with more than 70% bootstrap values on Neighbor-Joining analysis. However, Molecular phylogenetic patterns do not follow taxonomical classification suggested by previous taxonomist and Suillus species in the same section are divided into separated clades. The ITS and RPB2 phylogenies show clearer relationship among Suillus species, while the LSU phylogeny was less resolved. The consensus tree of three regions was similar to the ITS results and showed clearer differentiation between Korean Suillus species. Furthermore, results of maximum intraspecific dissimilarity analyses of Suillus species in the each of the sections showed that ITS1 sequences of six Suillus species have higher variability compared to the other two fragment of ITS (ITS2, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), while two Suillus species (S. americanus and S. grevillei) showed higher intraspecific dissimilarity of ITS2. Suillus viscidus showed the highest intraspecific divergence (3.87- 5.37) among Korean Suillus species. In general, interspecific variation of Suillus species in each clade showed a clear barcoding gap between closely related species. ITS sequence provides useful data to distinguish the morphologically variable species and to determine the interrelationships among the Suillus species.List of contents Abstract................................................................i Contents..............................................................iv List of figures....................................................vi List of tables......................................................viii 1. Introduction......................................................1 1.1. Taxonomic history...................................1 1.2. Taxonomic studies of Korean Suillus...................3 1.3 Phylogenetic studies of Suillus.........................6 1.4. Objective of this study..............................8 2. Materials and Methods.....................................9 2.1. Collection of Suillus specimens.........................9 2.2. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing..17 2.3. Sequence analysis.................................21 2.4. Genetic diversity.....................................24 2.5. Microscopic observation.............................24 3. Results.................................................25 3.1 Re-identification of Korean Suillus using ITS sequence and morphological verification........25 3.2. Phylogenetic analysis using ITS, LSU, and RPB2....33 3.3. Intra- and interspecific variation of the ITS region.....46 4. Discussion...............................................50 4.1. Korean Suillus.............................................50 4.2. Phylogeny of Korean Suillus........................51 4.3. The maximum intraspecific dissimilarity.............55 4.4. Comparisons of interspecific variation..............56 5. Conclusions.................................................57 6. References..................................................58 7. Taxonomic study of Suillus in Korea.................63 8. Abstract in Korean.........................................78Maste

Changes in decision-making process for life-sustaining treatment in patients with advanced cancer after the life-sustaining treatment decisions-making act

Background Cancer is a leading cause of death in Korea. To protect the autonomy and dignity of terminally ill patients, the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision-Making Act (LST-Act) came into full effect in Korea in February 2018. However, it is unclear whether the LST-Act influences decision- making process for life-sustaining treatment (LST) for terminally ill cancer patients. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted with a medical record review of cancer patients who died at Ulsan University Hospital between July 2015 and May 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: those who died in the period before the implementation of the LST-Act (from July 2015 to October 2017, Group 1) and after the implementation of the LST-Act (from February 2018 to May 2020, Group 2). We measured the self-determination rate and the timing of documentation of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) or Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) in both groups. Results A total of 1,834 patients were included in the analysis (Group 1, n = 943; Group 2, n = 891). Documentation of DNR or POLST was completed by patients themselves in 1.5 and 63.5 % of patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean number of days between documentation of POLST or DNR and death was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (21.2 days vs. 14.4 days, p = 0.001). The rate of late decision, defined as documentation of DNR or POLST within 7 days prior to death, decreased significantly in Group 2 (56.1 % vs. 47.6 %, p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, female patients (odds ratio [OR] 0.71, p = 0.002) and patients with more than 12 years of education (OR 0.70, p = 0.019) were significantly related to a reduced rate of late decision. More than 12 years of education (OR 0.53, p = 0.018) and referral to hospice palliative care (OR 0.40, p < 0.001) were significantly related to self-determination. Enforcement of LST-Act was related to a reduced rate of surrogate decision-making (OR 0.01, p < 0.001) and late decision (OR 0.51, p < 0.001). However, physicians with clinical experience of less than 3 years had a higher rate of surrogate decision-making (OR 5.08, p = 0.030) and late decision (OR 2.47, p = 0.021). Conclusions After the implementation of the LST-Act, the rate of self-determination increased and decisions for LST occurred earlier than in the era before the implementation of the LST-Act

Late complications and quality of life assessment for survivors receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Purpose: The survival rates of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have improved. However, HSCT can induce significant long-term complications. Therefore, we investigated the late complications and risk factors for quality of life (QOL) post-HSCT. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 67 adult survivors over 2?years after HSCT between 2015 and 2018 at Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea. The survey data including FACT-BMT, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and NCCN Distress Thermometer were collected as patient-reported outcomes using a tablet PC during a routine practice of survivorship clinic. Results: The median age was 46?years. The most common symptom was fatigue (80.6%). Younger age (< 60?years), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and immunosuppressant use were significantly associated with worse QOL and depression. Additionally, younger survivors (< 60?years) showed significantly more fatigue and anxiety compared with elderly survivors (≥ 60?years). Female sex was significantly associated with lower physical well-being and higher distress than male sex. Conclusion: Younger patients (< 60?years), female, ALL, chronic GVHD, and continuous immunosuppressant use were significant risk factors for worse QOL and depression. Hence, creating a more active survivorship care plan after HSCT, specifically for these patients, is required

Unmet needs related to the quality of life of advanced cancer patients in Korea: a qualitative study

BackgroundIt has recently been emphasized that the unmet needs of cancer patients should be evaluated more holistically, for example, by exploring caregivers' perspectives and cross cultural differences. This study explored additional domains or items of unmet needs among Korean cancer patients in reference to the Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral to Care (SPARC).MethodsWe conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs) with 15 cancer patients, following a semi-structured format to elicit participants' health perceptions, comments on SPARC, and opinions on the roles of medical professionals to improve the health-related quality of life of cancer patients. We analyzed the verbatim transcripts using a content analysis method.ResultsThe following themes were derived: living as a cancer patient, striving to overcome cancer, changing attitudes toward life after the cancer diagnosis, and ways to live a better life as a cancer patient. The participants asserted the significance of providing adequate treatment information that is easily understood by cancer patients during the conversation between patients and medical professionals. Besides the physical symptoms identified by SPARC, the participants struggled with numbness in their hands and feet and hair loss. Korean cancer patients prominently wished to avoid burdening their family or others in their daily life. They considered the improvement of health behaviors, such as diet and exercise, as part of the treatment, which was not limited to drugs. Furthermore, it was essential to evaluate the value of cancer patients' lives, as they desired to be helpful members of their families and society.ConclusionsThis study identified additional domains and items of unmet needs of Korean cancer patients and broadened the understanding of unmet needs among cancer patients

LIGHT (TNFSF14) enhances osteogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic skeletal disease associated with decreased bone mineral density and deterioration of bone quality, and it affects millions of people worldwide. Currently, it is treated mainly using antiresorptive and osteoanabolic agents. However, these drugs have severe adverse effects. Cell replacement therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could serve as a treatment strategy for osteoporosis in the future. LIGHT (HVEM-L, TNFSF14, or CD258) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. However, the effect of recombinant LIGHT (rhLIGHT) on osteogenesis in human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) is unknown. Therefore, we monitored the effects of LIGHT on osteogenesis of hBM-MSCs. Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LT beta R), which is a LIGHT receptor, was constitutively expressed on the surface of hBM-MSCs. After rhLIGHT treatment, calcium and phosphate deposition in hBM-MSCs, stained by Alizarin red and von Kossa, respectively, significantly increased. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to examine the expressions of osteoprogenitor markers (RUNX2/CBFA1 and collagen I alpha 1) and osteoblast markers (alkaline phosphatase, osterix/Sp7, and osteocalcin) and immunoblotting to assess the underlying biological mechanisms following rhLIGHT treatment. We found that rhLIGHT treatment enhanced von Kossa- and Alizarin red-positive hBM-MSCs and induced the expression of diverse differentiation markers of osteogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. WNT/beta-catenin pathway activation strongly mediated rhLIGHT-induced osteogenesis of hBM-MSCs, accelerating the differentiation of hBM-MSCs into osteocytes. In conclusion, the interaction between LIGHT and LT beta R enhances osteogenesis of hBM-MSCs. Therefore, LIGHT might play an important role in stem cell therapy

The c-Abl inhibitor, radotinib induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells via mitochondrial?dependent pathway

In conclusion, radotinib may play an important role as a candidate agent ornchemosensitizer for the treatment of MM