Studies on the Transition of Korea Female Athletes for Elite Sports since Korea Liberation in 1945

본 논문은 한국여성의 엘리트 스포츠 중에서 가장 대표적이라 할 수 있는 올림픽을 중심으로 고찰한 논문이다. 한국여성들의 올림픽 참가가 시작 된 해방이후 1948년 제 14회 런던 올림픽으로부터 지금까지 개최된 1988년 제 24회 서올 올림픽까지 한국여성들의 참가활동에 대한 변천과정을 고찰하고 그것을 사적인 측면에서 논리적으로 규명하기 위해 사료를 종합, 정리, 분석 하였다. 정치, 경제, 사회등 각 분야가 발전함에 따라 여가시간이 증대되어 그예 대한 각종 제육정책이 나왔으며, 올림픽을 정점으로 하는 국제 스포츠 대회가 융성함에 따라 정부의 주도하에 국위선양을 목적으로 하는 엘리트 위주의 스포츠가 큰 비중을 차지하게 되었다. 또한 여권운동에 신장되고 여성의 의식과 생활방식에 있어서 많은 변혁이 일어나 여성들의 스포츠 활동에 대한 편견이 줄어들었고 스포츠 활동은 일상생활과 관련하여 사회전반에 퍼지게 되었으며, 여성을 위한 스포츠 프로그램이 눈에 띄게 향상되었고 여성의 스포츠 활동이 점차 증가되는 추세에서 엘리트 스포츠가 차지하는 비중도 매우 커졌다. 따라서 본 논문을 통하여 엘리트 스포츠중 가장 대표적인 올림픽을 고찰해 볼때 각국의 여성 참가선수의 수가 증가함과 더불어 한국 여성선수의 수가 정부의 주도 하에서 많은 증가가 있어왔음을 알 수 있고, 또한 올림픽의 경기종목에 있어서도 한국 여성이 참가하는 경기종목이 선수의 수와 함께 다양해 졌으며 기록면에서도 아직까지는 세계의 기록과 현저한 차이를 보이고 있는 종목이 많으나 그 기록의 차이가 점차로 줄어들고 있으며 보다 더 우세한 경기종목들이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 그러므로 한국여성들의 올림픽 참가는 국위선양을 위한 엘리트 스포츠에 있어서 메달의 획득에 따른 공헌도가 남성에 비해 매우 커졌음을 알 수 있고, 앞으로도 많은 한국 여성들의 엘리트 스포츠에의 참가와 기록 향상이 있을 것으로 사료된다.;This is dissertation is a study of documentary records contemplated on the most typical Korean female athletes through the Olympic games. In order to study the course of transition of the Korean female's participation in the Olympics and to logically examine it from the personal standpoint, historical records were collected, arranged, and analyzed from the 14th London Olympics to the 24th Seoul Olympics. As every sphere, including politics, economy and society, developed and leisure hours increased, various athletic policies were implemented. And as international sports were prosperous looking up to the Olympics, the elite of athletics became extremely important for the government to enhance the national prestige. Also, an awareness and a life style of female have been greatly transformed diminishing prejudice against female athletic activities. Female sports have been widely open to the intire social spheres and the elite of athletics has became important as well with the tendency that female athletic events are steadily increasing. Accordingly, it is known through this thesis that number of Korean female participants in the Olympics from among elite of athletics is tending upwards and number of the Olympic events is in variety. It is also known that glaring discrepancy in some events as compared wi th world's records tends to be better having potentially superior events, and the number of medals received by korean female for the promotion of the national prestige has been improved.목차 = ⅰ 논문개요 = ⅲ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 A. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1 B. 연구의 방법 = 2 C. 연구의 범위 및 제한점 = 2 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 4 A. 올림픽의 개요 = 4 B. 여성과 올림픽 = 6 Ⅲ. 각 대회별 한국여성의 올림픽 참가 현황 = 10 A. 제14회 런던올림픽 (1948년) = 10 B. 제15회 헬싱키 올림픽 (1952년) = 11 C. 제16회 멜버른 올림픽 (1956년) = 12 D. 제17회 로마 올림픽 (1960년) = 13 E. 제18회 동경 올림픽 (1964년) = 14 F. 제19회 멕시코 올림픽 = 17 G. 제20회 뮌헨 올림픽 (1972년) = 19 H. 제21회 몬트리올 올림픽 (1976년) = 21 I. 제22회 모스크바 올림픽 (1980년) = 22 J. 제23회 LA올림픽 (1984년) = 23 K. 제24회 서울 올림픽 (1988년)) = 27 Ⅳ. 종합논의 및 결론 = 35 참고문헌 = 40 ABSTRACT = 4

다관능성 에폭시드와 반응성 실리콘 고분자로 처리된 모직물의 형태안정성에 관한 연구

Thesis (doctoral)--서울대학교 대학원 :섬유고분자공학과,1998.Docto

안면신경마비의 인지에 관한 특성 연구

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 임상의과학과, 2013. 2. 김영호.Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the perception of the facial nerve palsy (FNP). Subjects and Methods: A questionnaire survey of 200 healthy people was performed between July and September in 2012, using photographs of four patients with four different grades of unilateral FNP (resting, smiling, whistling, closed eyes, and frowning). The questionnaire consisted of questions concerning the identification of FNP, the involved side of the face, the awkward-appearing areas of the face, and the awkwardness of the facial expressions. The education level of the subjects was also surveyed. Results: One hundred males and 100 females ranging in age from 20 to 69 years were enrolled in this study. The overall rate of identification of FNP was 75.0%. There was no significant difference in the rate of identification of FNP according to the gender or the age of the subjects, whereas the identification rate increased according to the increase in the House-Brackmann grade of the patients FNP (p <.001, linear by linear test). The overall detection rate of the involved side of the face was 54.5%, and that rate decreased with increasing subject age (p <.001, linear by linear test). The most awkward-appearing area of the face was reported to be the mouth, followed by the eyes, the cheeks, the eyebrows, and the nose. The most awkward facial expression was reported to be smiling, followed by closed eyes, whistling, and frowning. There was no difference in the rate of identification of FNP according to the education level. However, the overall detection rate for the side of the face affected by FNP was higher in the high-education group (p < .001, chi-squared test). Conclusions: The detection rate for the side of the face affected by FNP was lower than the rate of identification of FNP and was significantly low in the middle-aged/elderly and the low-education level groups. These characteristics must be considered in establishing a new FNP grading system.I. Introduction…………………1 II. Subjects and Methods……………3 Subjects………………………3 Questionnaire………………3 Statistical analysis…………4 Consensus and ethics committee approval……5 III. Results…………………………………………………6 1. Rate of identification of FNP…………………………6 2. Rate of detection of the side affected by FNP……7 3. The most awkward-appearing facial area…7 4. The most awkward facial expression…………8 5. Differences of FNP perception according to education level....8 IV. Discussion………………………………………10 V. Conclusions……………………………………17 VI. References……………………………………18 VII. Supplements……………………………………29 VIII. 국문초록……………………………………31Maste

Analysis of Power Grip Deformation by Wrist Adduction/Abduction for Ergonomic Handle Design

MasterA handle, the part of an object for lifting, carrying, or controlling the object easily, needs to be ergonomically designed to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders of users. To recognize optimal handle design, previous studies evaluated applied forces, pressures, electromyograms (EMGs), and satisfactions with handles in various size and shape, and analyzed effect of hand size and grip posture. But most handle design dimensions in previous studies were limited to length variables of cylindrical handle and one grip posture. The present study is intended to analyze power grip deformation in hand dimension by wrist motion and propose the method of handle design related with hand dimensions. The proposed study consists of three steps: (1) understanding hand/handle dimension and analysis of hand-handle interface, (2) developing experiment protocol of hand grip deformation, (3) developing analysis protocol of hand grip deformation. First, in hand-handle interface analysis step, 40 handle related hand dimensions were chosen for measurement and analysis after understanding handle design dimensions and hand dimensions. Handle design dimensions of length, angle, and curvature were identified by dividing handle into 4 parts and using 16 reference points and 8 reference lines with shape of side, and cross section view. Handle related hand dimensions were chosen by checking the hand dimensions influence to decide handle dimension or not. For example, the width of handle was related with length of each finger’s tip to DTC/PTC. Finally, total 24 hand landmarks and 40 hand-handle dimensions were selected. Second, in experiment of hand deformation step, 15 participants (male 10, female 5) with 3 group of hand length was recruited and their hand grip postures were scanned by 3D scanner (3dMD). The 3 grip postures deformed by 3 handle orientation angles (65°, 45°, 15°) were selected to induce wrist adduction and abduction (20°, 0°, -30°). The elbow was controlled in 45° with elbow supporter. The 24 hand landmarks were marked to subjects’ hands with water-based pen. The outer hand shapes for each posture were scanned using 3dMD, and the inner hand shapes for each posture were molded using Otoform. Third, inner/outer hand 3D scan data were merged to body out full hand in grip posture and hand dimensions were measured based on hand landmarks. After 3D hand scan data were processed by modifying and aligning, inner and outer hand scan data were merged using Rapidform. The points of hand landmarks were created and hand dimensions of static posture and dynamic posture chosen by hand-handle interface analysis were measured and analyzed based on the points. The important measures of hand dimensions were tip to DTC/PTC and PIP to MMC in linear length, and tip to MMC in surface length which were related with handle width, thickness (height), and circumference. In addition, the measure of angle and curvature were measured by creating average curves fitted to inner hand. As a result, hand dimensions were significantly different by hand grip postures. When wrist angle was changed from neutral to adduction, tip to DTC/PTC (width) was increased 2.4% ~ 8.4%, PIP to MMC (height) was decreased 1.9% ~ 8.4%, and tip to MMC (circumference) was increased 2.8% in front part and decreased 3.6% in back part. When wrist angle was changed from neutral to abduction, tip to DTC/PTC (width) was increased 1.8% in front part and decreased 2.9% ~ 10.8% in back part, PIP to MMC (height) was increased 2.0% ~ 4.6% in front part and decreased 3.5% ~ 9.5% in back part, and tip to MMC (circumference) was decreased 0.1% ~ 6.3%. Also, the measures were decreased in ratio 64.7% ~ 73.9%, 43.1% ~ 54.4%, and 29.9% ~ 36.5% in comparison with static hand. If these results were applied to handle design, the thickness was increasing in front part and decreasing in back part when changing wrist adduction to abduction. The width was decreasing in all part and the circumference was decreasing in front part when changing wrist adduction to abduction

폐섬유화증에서 17(18)-Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid 작용에 의한 항 섬유화 효과

서론 특발성 폐섬유증(IPF)은 간질성 폐질환 중 한 종류로 예후가 매우 불량하고, 주로 고령의 남성에게 많이 발생한다고 알려져 있다. 또한, 최근 대사체가 IPF의 병태생리에 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 제시된 바 있다. 하지만 아직 IPF 병인과 관련된 대사체는 잘 알려져 있지 않은데, 이에 본 연구에서는 IPF와 연관된 대사체 후보물질을 발굴하여 IPF병태생리에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 방법 본 연구에서는 IPF 환자와 대조군의 폐 조직 및 혈액샘플을 이용하여 eicosanoid 대사체 분석을 진행하였고, 해당 대사체 분석으로 발굴된 마커 중 하나인 17(18)-EpETE 의 섬유화에서의 역할을 평가하였다. 인체 폐조직과 혈액에서 확인된 결과를 실험모델에서 검증하고자, 폐섬유증 세포 모형으로 TGF- β1을 MRC-5 cell 과 IPF 환자 조직검사로부터 얻은 조직에서 분리된primary human lung fibroblast 세포와 Epithelial세포 각각에 5 ng/ml 처리 후, 17(18)-EpETE는 6 μM씩 처리하여 폐섬유증 관련 signaling 경로와 연관 marker 발현을 확인하였다. 또한, 섬유화 marker 발현 확인을 위하여 면역형광법을 시행하였으며 각 그룹에서의 세포 발현 및 차이를 보기 위하여 유세포분석도 시행하였다. 동물모델에서의 17(18)-EpETE의 항 섬유화 효과 확인을 위하여 bleomycin으로 유도되어진 마우스 폐섬유화 모델에 17(18)-EpETE 100ng 을 매일 2주간 복강주사로 투입하였다. 결과 본 연구에서 시행된 IPF 환자와 대조군의 폐 조직 및 혈액샘플에서의 대사체를 분석한 결과, 17(18)-EpETE 은 두 그룹 간 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다. 두 세포에 같은 농도의 TGF- β1 와 17(18)-EpETE를 처리한 결과, 17(18)-EpETE 를 처리한 군에서 TGF- β1 단독 군에 비하여 Fibronectin 과 Collagen type-1 발현이 감소됨을 확인할 수 있었다. Epithelial cell 인 BEAS-2B cell 에서도 같은 방법으로 실험한 결과 fibronectin 발현이 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 면역형광법을 통하여 fibroblast의 발현을 확인한 결과, TGF- β1 단독 군에 비하여 17(18)-EpETE 를 함께 투여한 군에서 fibronectin 의 발현이 감소되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었고, 유세포 분석에서는 fibroblast marker 인 vimentin 을 사용하여, TGF- β1 을 단독 투여한 그룹과 17(18)-EpETE 를 함께 투여한 그룹을 비교해본 결과, TGF- β1 그룹에 비해 17(18)-EpETE 를 투여한 그룹에서 발현이 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. TGF- β1으로 폐섬유증을 유도시킨 세포에서 TGF- β1 signaling 경로 확인을 위하여 Smad 신호경로를 확인하였다. TGF- β1 자극시 Smad gene 은 인산화가 되어 inflammation을 유도시킨다고 알려져있다. TGF- β1 로 Smad 인산화를 유도시킨 후 17(18)-EpETE 6μM를 투여한 결과 인산화된 Smad-2 경로가 억제되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 섬유화가 유도된 mouse 군에 17(18)-EpETE 약물을 주입한 결과 100 ng 주입 시 mouse 폐 조직 내의 collagen 양 감소가 확인되었으며 H&E 염색에서도 100ng의 약물이 주입된 군에서 섬유화가 줄어든 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론 본 실험들을 통하여 IPF 환자군에서 발현이 감소되어 있는 17(18)-EpETE을 폐섬유화가 유도된 In vitro 모델과 In vivo 모델에 처리한 결과 항섬유화 효과를 보여줄 수 있음을 보여주었다. 아직까지 해당 대사체의 명확한 대사경로와 폐섬유증에 미치는 영향 연구가 많이 이루어 지지 않은 상황이지만 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 해당 물질의 대사 경로 연구와 in vivo 에서의 항섬유화 효과를 추가로 연구하여 IPF 질환의 치료 및 진단 바이오마커 타겟으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 예측된다.|Background: 17(18)-Epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (EpETE) is a lipid metabolite of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). 17(18)-EpETE is known to have anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory diseases. However, the role of 17(18)-EpETE in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unexplored. Methods: EETs were analyzed in human lung tissue (IPF =29, controls =15) using an Agilent 7890/5975 GC/MSD system and HP-5 MS column. The role of 17(18)-EpETE was evaluated using fibrotic markers in fibroblasts or epithelial cells treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Protein levels in cell lysates or tissues were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Collagen levels in mouse lungs were measured by hydroxyproline assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: The levels of 17(18)-EpETE in IPF lung tissue were significantly reduced compared to control lung tissue. 17(18)-EpETE reduced TGF-β1-induced protein expression of collagen type 1 and fibronectin in MRC-5 cells and human lung fibroblasts. 17(18)-EpETE also reduced fibronectin levels in an immunofluorescence assay of human lung fibroblast cells treated with TGF- β1. In addition, 17(18)-EpETE reduced TGF- β1-induced protein expression of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, fibronectin, in Beas-2B cells. 17(18)-EpETE reduced hydroxyproline levels in the lungs of bleomycin-induced mice. Conclusion: Our study suggests that 17(18)-EpETE may have anti-fibrotic effects on pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing fibroblast activation and epithelial cell EMT.Maste