9 research outputs found

    (The) effects of apolipoprotein(a) size and genetic polymorphisms on serum lipoprotein(a) levels in Korean adults.

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    ์˜๊ณผํ•™์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ/์„์‚ฌope

    ์ง€๋ฅด์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์•„ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋จธ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๊ณผ์šฉ ๋ ˆ์ง„์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ Y-TZP์˜ ์ „๋‹จ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2011.8. ๊น€์„ฑํ›ˆ.Maste

    ABโ‚‚๋‹จ๋Ÿ‰์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ 2.2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid์™€ AB ๋‹จ๋Ÿ‰์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid์˜ ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์„ฌ์œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,2000.Maste

    Carbapenem resistance patterns and their molecular characteristics of Acinetobacter spp.

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ทผ๋ž˜ extended-spectrum ฮฒ-lactamase ๋“ฑ์˜ ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ Acinetobacter spp.๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ carbapenem์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ์ด ์•ฝ์ œ์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ธ ๊ท ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Acinetobacter spp.์˜ carbapenem์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ธฐ์ „์€ class B์™€ D carbapenemase์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ท ์ œ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™œํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. Acinetobacter spp.๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” metallo-ฮฒ-lactamase (MBL)์€ IMP, VIM ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ MBL ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.์ตœ๊ทผ OXA carbapenemase๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” Acinetobacter spp.๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ OXA carbapenemase ๋‚ด์„ฑ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ์„ฑ์ƒ๊ณผ OXA carbapenemase ์ƒ์„ฑ ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ํ•ญ๊ท ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ทœ๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” Acinetobacter spp.์˜ carbapenem ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ „ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์ž์—ญํ•™์  ์„ฑ์ƒ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.2006๋…„ 5์›”์—์„œ 11์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณ‘์› (์•ˆ์•”, ๊ตฌ๋กœ, ์•ˆ์‚ฐ)๊ณผ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณ‘์› (์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค) ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ Acinetobacter spp. ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ๊ท ์ œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , MBL๊ณผ OXA carbapenemase ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ท ์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. OXAํ˜•๊ณผ ISAba1์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ carbapenem ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , MBL ๋ฐ OXAํ˜• carbapenemase ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ท ์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด DNA์˜ pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) ์„ฑ์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Acinetobacter spp.์˜ imipenem ๋‚ด์„ฑ์œจ์€ ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 38%์˜€๊ณ , ์•ˆ์•” 4%, ๊ตฌ๋กœ 22%, ์•ˆ์‚ฐ๋ณ‘์›์ด 8%๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. Imipenem ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ฃผ ์ค‘ MBL์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๊ณ , ์•ˆ์•”, ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์‚ฐ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ MBL ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ท ์ฃผ 9์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ IMP-1 ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜€๊ณ , ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ MBL ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋Š” VIM-2์™€ SIM-1 ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ท ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2์ฃผ์™€ 4์ฃผ์˜€๋‹ค.MBL ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ class 1 integron์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•ฝ 3.0 kb (IMP-1), 5.5 kb (VIM-2) ๋ฐ 1.8 kb (SIM-1)๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์•”๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ IMP-1 ์ƒ์„ฑ Acinetobacter spp. ๊ท ์ฃผ 7์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ colistin์˜ MIC๋Š” 4 ฮผg/ml ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.OXA carbapenemase ๋‚ด์„ฑ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ฒ€์ถœ์ด ์‹œํ—˜๋œ 171์ฃผ ์ค‘ blaOXA-51-like์™€ ISAba1 ๋™์‹œ ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋Š” 75์ฃผ, blaOXA-23-like ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋Š” 25์ฃผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.Carbapenem์˜ MIC๋Š” blaOXA-51-like์™€ ISAba1 ๋™์‹œ ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ ๊ท ์ฃผ ๋ณด๋‹ค blaOXA-23-like ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ ๊ท ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. Tigecycline์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ท ์ฃผ๊ฐ€, colistin์—๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ท ์ฃผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ž„์˜๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ 6์ฃผ์˜ blaOXA-23-like ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ blaOXA-23์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , 6์ฃผ์˜ blaOXA-51-like ์œ ์ „์ž ์ค‘ 4์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” blaOXA-83์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , 2์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด OXA carbapenemase ์œ ์ „์ž์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. PFGE ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ blaOXA-23-like์™€ blaOXA-51-like ์–‘์„ฑ ๊ท ์ฃผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ํ”ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋ฆฌ Acinetobacter spp. ์ค‘์— carbapenem ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, MBL ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋Š” 2์ฐจ๋ณ‘์›์—๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , OXA carbapenemase ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ”ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณ‘์›๋‚ด ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. MBL๊ณผ OXA carbapenemase ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ carbapenem ๋‚ด์„ฑ Acinetobacter spp.์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Recent increase of extended-spectrum ฮฒ-lactamases-producing and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. resulted in increasing use of carbapenems, and then carbapenem-resistant strains started to increase. Class B and D carbapenemases productions are the most important carbapenem resistant mechanisms in Acinetobacter spp. Although carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. often produce metallo-ฮฒ-lactamase (MBL), such as IMP and VIM enzymes, there are few studies on MBL production of recent isolates in Korea.Recently, OXA carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter spp. have been increasingly reported in the UK, France, etc, and a nosocomial outbreak was reported in Korea. However, molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of these enzyme-producing isolates have not precisely understood.In this study, it was aimed to determine carbapenem resistance patterns and mechanisms, and molecular epidemiologic characteristics of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. which were collected from Korean patients.Clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were collected from four university hospitals, Korea University Hospitals (Anam, Kuro, and Ansan) and Yonsei University Hospital (Severance), during May to November in 2006. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, and MBL- and OXA carbapenemase-producing isolates were detected. Carbapenem resistance and hydrolytic activities were compared depending on OXA types and presence of ISAba1. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed to determine epidemiologic features.The imipenem resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp. at Severance, Anam, Kuro and Ansan Hospitals were 38%, 4%, 22% and 8%, respectively. The proportion of MBL producers and MBL types varied depending on hospital. Nine isolates from Anam, Kuro and Ansan had IMP-1, whereas 2 and 4 isolates from Severance had VIM-2 and SIM-1, respectively.All MBL genes were carried by class 1 integrons with approximate sizes of 3.0 kb (IMP-1), 5.5 kb (VIM-2), and 1.8 kb (SIM-1). MICs of colistin for 7 isolates of IMP-1 producing Acinetobacter spp. from Anam Hospital were โ‰ฅ4 ฮผg/ml, which was resistant.Among 171 isolates tested, 75 isolates had both blaOXA-51-like and ISAba1, and 25 had blaOXA-23-like.Carbapenem MICs were higher for isolates with blaOXA-23-like than those with both blaOXA-51-like and ISAba1. Most strains were susceptible to tigecycline, and all were susceptible to colistin.Sequencing analysis of blaOXA genes from randomly selected isolates revealed 6 isolates with blaOXA-23, 4 isolates with blaOXA-83 and 2 isolates with new blaOXA genes. PFGE patterns suggested outbreaks were common with blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-51-like positive Acinetobacter spp.It is concluded that, in Korean hospitals, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. were prevalent, that MBL-producing strains were also found in secondary-care hospital, and that OXA carbapenemase-producing isolates were prevalent with evidence of frequent outbreaks. Treatment of infected patients with Acinetobacter spp. will become more difficult in the future with the dissemination of MBL and OXA carbapenemase-producing strains disseminate further. Further studies are urgently required for prevention of dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp.ope
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