The Role of Contingency Awareness in Affective Conditioning

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 사회과학대학 심리학과, 2017. 8. Sowon Hahn.Using the classical conditioning paradigm, we investigated the necessity of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) contingency awareness for affective conditioning. An aversive sound stimulus was used as US, and sine wave gratings that varied in terms of the perceptual discriminability (high, low, control) were used as CS. The voluntary attention toward US (high, low) was also manipulated as between-subject condition. After the conditioning phase, the association between CS and US can be measured as the size of priming effect. Word evaluation task based on valence was used in Experiment 1, and lexical decision task was used in Experiment 2. When participants paid attention towards US, conditioned response was observed regardless of the CS discriminability. However, when subjects tried to ignore the US, conditioning occurred only if CS+ and CS- can be easily distinguished. The result provides support for dual-process model of conditioning.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Experiment 1 6 Chapter 3. Experiment 2 14 Chapter 4. Discussion 18 Bibliography 20 Abstract in Korean 22Maste

Path Tracking for a Skid-steer Vehicle using Learning-based Model Predictive Control

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 기계항공공학부, 2017. 2. 김현진.Skid-steer vehicle can generate a large traction force, which is especially good for navigation on a rough terrain. However, the turning motion is so sensitive to slippage effect that designing a controller is still a challenging problem. Also, the motion of the vehicle is affected not only by wheel motion, but also by the road properties and the characteristics of wheel control. With this in mind, we employ a model predictive control (MPC) with an on-line model learning. The velocity model, which represents the relationship between true vehicle velocity and input command, is learned with an on-line sparse Gaussian process (GP). The on-line sparse GP can reduce the computational complexity of GP and also consistently update the model from the driving data. Finally, combining with MPC makes it possible to generate an optimal policy based on the learned model. Experiments are conducted to test the tracking performance of a skid-steer robot at the indoor and the outdoor environment. The results show the more reliable performance than the method based on a conventional model with parameter adaptation.1 Introduction 1 1.1 Literature review 1 1.2 Thesis contribution 3 1.3 Thesis outline 4 2 On-line sparse Gaussian process for velocity model 5 2.1 Kinematic model 5 2.2 Sparse Gaussian process 7 2.3 On-line updating 10 3 Model predictive control 11 3.1 Iterative linear quadratic regulator 11 3.2 Cost formulation 15 3.3 Summary of the algorithm 16 4 Experiments 18 4.1 Experimental setup 18 4.2 Indoor experimental results 22 4.3 Outdoor experimental results 29 5 Conclusion 32 5.1 Challenges and future works 32 References 34 국문초록 37Maste

엘리아스 카네티의 『현혹』에 나타난 광기의 미학과 이성중심주의적 남성성 비판

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 인문대학 독어독문학과, 2020. 8. 정항균.본 논문에서는 엘리아스 카네티의 소설 『현혹』에 나타난 광기와 젠더(남성성)의 문제를 상호 연관성의 관점에서 다루고자 한다. 이 소설의 주인공 킨은 학문, 질서, 이성을 중시하는 인물이다. 그는 논리적이고 명료한 사고를 강조하는 한편, 여성을 섹슈얼리티와 비합리성에 종속된 존재로 여기고 혐오한다는 점에서 이분법적 젠더 질서에서 나타나는 이성중심주의적 남성성을 체현하고 있다. 그러나 이 소설에서 이성적 남성 주체인 킨이 긍정적으로 묘사되는 것은 아니며, 오히려 그의 이성중심주의는 광기와 연결됨으로써 비판되고 해체된다. 카네티는 이성중심주의적 남성성을 대변하는 킨이 자신만의 확고한 신념을 지닌 편집증 환자임을 폭로한다. 확실함에 집착하는 킨은 오로지 학문적 개념을 통해 현실을 인식한다. 이때 학문 세계에서 절대적 권위를 지닌 킨은 여성을 자신의 선험적인 여성혐오적 사고 틀에 맞추어 판단한다. 또한 킨은 아내를 쫓아내고 주도권을 장악하기 위해서 자신의 망상 속에서 책과 도서관을 갑옷으로 변화시킨다. 이러한 킨의 남성 판타지는 여성에 대한 혐오와 권력에 대한 욕망을 정당화한다. 더 나아가 킨은 책이 학대당하고 있는 것으로 간주하고 맹목적으로 그것을 구원하려 하는데, 그 이면에는 여성에게 빼앗긴 권력을 되찾으려는 의도가 숨어 있다. 이처럼 카네티는 이성·남성중심주의적 사고체계가 사실은 여성혐오를 기반으로 하는 편집증적 사고체계이며, 권력욕과 긴밀한 관계에 있음을 보여준다. 킨은 테레제와의 권력 다툼에서 점차 현실에 대한 감각을 상실하는데, 이를 통해 그에게 정신분열증 증상이 있음이 암시된다. 그는 환각에 시달리며 그녀를 시체로 간주한다. 그러나 정신분열증 환자의 망상은 현실에서 아무런 영향력을 행사하지 못하며, 이로써 킨의 주권회복 시도는 좌절된다. 킨은 자신의 신체적인 눈을 실명시키고 모든 감각적 자극을 차단하는데, 이로 인해 극도로 폐쇄적인 자폐적 사고가 생겨난다. 킨은 자신의 비현실적 망상 속에서 테레제의 치마를 갈기갈기 물어뜯는 사냥개로 변신한다. 이는 한편으로 권력에 대한 이성적 남성 주체의 욕망을 보여주지만, 다른 한편으로 그의 내면에 있는 동물적인 차원의 충동을 암시하기도 한다. 더 나아가 이성중심주의적 남성성은 극도로 이성적인 킨의 사고체계가 연상적이고 카오스적인 정신분열증 환자의 사고체계로 전환됨으로써 해체된다. 서술 전략의 차원에서도 이성중심주의적 남성성의 광기에 대한 작가의 비판적 입장이 분명히 드러난다. 카네티는 킨의 과장된 언어를 반복하거나 편집증 환자들 사이의 소통 불가능성을 형상화함으로써 이성중심주의적 남성성에 내재된 편집증적 사고방식을 폭로하고 비판한다. 또한 카네티는 정신분열증 환자의 언어를 자신만의 미학적인 방식으로 전유한다. 『현혹』에서 주인공 킨의 무의미한 언어가 반복될 때, 이는 그가 더 이상 이성중심주의를 근간으로 하는 자신의 정신적 고향으로 회귀할 수 없다는 사실을 암시한다. 더 나아가 카네티는 정신분열증 환자의 비일상적인 언어구조를 차용하여 킨의 내면을 재구성하되, 그것이 작가가 만들어낸 허구적 구성물임을 강조함으로써 정신분열증적 광기에 대한 비판적 거리를 유지한다.In der vorliegenden Arbeit gehe ich auf zwei eng miteinander verbundene Themen im Roman Die Blendung von Elias Canetti ein, nämlich Wahnsinn und Gender(Männlichkeit). Der Protagonist Peter Kien legt großen Wert auf Wissenschaft, Ordnung und Vernunft. Er verkörpert insofern die logozentrische Männlichkeit in der binären Geschlechtsordnung, als er Logik und Klarheit für wichtig hält, während er Frauen als irrationale Sexualwesen betrachtet und daher eine Abneigung gegen sie hegt. Allerdings kommt in diesem Roman dem vernünftigen männlichen Subjekt Kien keine positive Bedeutung zu. Vielmehr wird sein Logozentrismus kritisiert bzw. aufgelöst, indem er als wahnsinnige Figur beschrieben wird. Canetti enthüllt Kien, der die logozentrische Männlichkeit vertritt, als Paranoiker, der an seinen Wahnvorstellungen festhält. Kien, auf Unangreifbarkeit versessen, nimmt die Wirklichkeit nur durch die wissenschaftlichen Begriffe wahr. Dabei urteilt er, der im wissenschaftlichen Bereich absolute Autorität besitzt, über die Frauen auf der Grundlage seines a priori bestimmten misogynen Denkmusters. In seinen Wahnvorstellungen verwandelt Kien seine Bücher und Bibliothek in einen Panzer, der ihm zum Wegjagen seiner Frau und zu seiner Vormachtstellung verhilft. In dieser Männerphantasie versucht er seinen Frauenhass und seine Machtgier zu rechtfertigen. Außerdem versucht Kien blindlings die Bücher zu retten, weil er glaubt, dass man sie misshandelt. Dahinter steckt aber die Absicht, die in der Beziehung zu seiner Frau verlorene Macht zurückzugewinnen. Canetti entlarvt also die logo- und androzentrische Denkform als ein paranoides System, das auf Frauenfeindlichkeit und Machtgier basiert. Im Machtkampf mit Therese leidet Kien unter einem Realitätsverlust, dem Leitsymptom der Schizophrenie. In seinen Halluzinationen hält er sie für eine Leiche. Aber da der Wahn des Schizophrenen in der Wirklichkeit wirkungslos bleibt, scheitert sein Versuch einer Wiederherstellung der Souveränität. Kien blendet seine leiblichen Augen und schließt sich von allem, was er sinnlich wahrnimmt, ab. Darüber hinaus entsteht bei ihm das äußerst abgeschlossene autistische Denken. In seinen irrealen Wahnvorstellungen verwandelt er sich in einen Fleischerhund, der den Rock von Therese in Stücke zerbeißt. Dies weist zum einen darauf hin, dass er nach Vormachtstellung strebt, zum anderen aber auch darauf, dass er nicht mehr seinem inneren tierischen Trieb widerstehen kann. Schließlich wird die logozentrische Männlichkeit aufgelöst, wenn sich das äußerst rationale Gedankengebäude von Kien am Romanende in ein assoziatives und chaotisches des Schizophrenen wandelt. Auch auf der erzählstrategischen Ebene lässt sich die kritische Haltung des Autors gegenüber dem Wahnsinn der logozentrischen Männlichkeit feststellen. Canetti setzt sich kritisch mit der der logozentrischen Männlichkeit inhärenten paranoiden Denkweise auseinander, indem er die übertriebene Sprache von Kien wiederholt und Kommunikationssituationen herstellt, in denen keiner der Paranoiker den anderen versteht. Canetti übernimmt auch die Sprache des Schizophrenen, die in ästhetischer Weise umfunktioniert wird. Wenn sich die unsinnige Sprache des Schizophrenen in Die Blendung wiederholt, wird angedeutet, dass Kien nicht mehr in seine auf dem Logozentrismus basierende geistige Heimat zurückkehren kann. Außerdem rekonstruiert Canetti zwar das Innere von Kien mittels der schizophrenen Sprache, enthüllt diese jedoch als eine bloß fiktive sprachliche Konstruktion, was seine kritische Distanz zum schizophrenen Wahnsinn zeigt.서론 1 1. 연구사 및 문제제기 1 2. 연구방향 12 Ⅰ. 이성중심주의적 남성성과 편집증적 망상 14 1. 이성중심주의적 남성성 14 1) 학문, 질서, 이성 14 2) 이성중심주의와 여성혐오 18 2. 과대망상과 남성 판타지 25 1) 개념을 통한 현실 인식 25 2) 제2의 신체로서의 도서관 33 3) 구원에 대한 망상 39 Ⅱ. 정신분열증과 이성중심주의적 남성성의 해체 48 1. 유아론적 남성성과 환각 48 1) 유아론과 현실성의 상실 48 2) 죽음에 대한 공포 53 2. 자폐적 사고와 군중 충동 60 1) 인식 수단으로서의 눈 감기 60 2) 동물로의 변신 66 3) 비이성적 사고체계와 군중 상징으로서의 불 75 Ⅲ. 광기의 미학: 이성중심주의적 남성성 비판을 위한 서술 전략 84 1. 편집증적 광기 비판 84 1) 과장의 반복 84 2) 의사소통의 부재 88 2. 정신분열증적 광기와 미학적 글쓰기 99 1) 무의미한 언어의 반복을 통한 귀향 서사구조의 해체 99 2) 비일상적 언어구조 105 결론 111 참고문헌 114 Zusammenfassung 124Maste

Reduction of Adipose Tissue Formation by the Controlled Release of BMP-2 Using a Hydroxyapatite-Coated Collagen Carrier System for Sinus-Augmentation/Extraction-Socket Grafting

The effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coating onto collagen carriers for application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) on cell differentiation in vitro, and on in vivo healing patterns after sinus-augmentation and alveolar socket-grafting were evaluated. In vitro induction of osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation was compared between the culture media with rhBMP-2 solution and with the released rhBMP-2 from the control collagen and from the HA-coated collagen. Demineralized bovine bone and collagen/HA-coated collagen were grafted with/without rhBMP-2 in sinus-augmentation and tooth-extraction-socket models. Adipogenic induction by rhBMP-2 released from HA-coated collagen was significantly reduced compared to collagen. In the sinus-augmentation model, sites that received rhBMP-2 exhibited large amounts of vascular tissue formation at two weeks and increased adipose tissue formation at eight weeks; this could be significantly reduced by using HA-coated collagen as a carrier for rhBMP-2. In extraction-socket grafting, dimensional reduction of alveolar ridge was significantly decreased at sites received rhBMP-2 compared to control sites, but adipose tissue was increased within the regenerated socket area. In conclusion, HA-coated collagen carrier for Escherichia coli-derived rhBMP-2 (ErhBMP-2) may reduce in vitro induction of adipogenic differentiation and in vivo adipose bone marrow tissue formation in bone tissue engineering by ErhBMP-2.ope

후성유전학에 의한 줄기세포 전분화능 조절

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의과학과, 2014. 2. 윤홍덕.Pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising sources for regenerative medicine because of their ability to differentiate into all of the cell types in the body. In particular, iPSCs, which can be derived from patient tissue, have great potential to be used in patient- specific cell therapy. However, the practical application of such cells remains a distant goal due to our limited understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying pluripotency. Epigenetic modifications on chromatin are essential for appropriate cell state transition, such as developmental process, and uncontrolled these modifications give rise to disease. So, it is necessary to study epigenetic modifications in ESC pluripotency for regenerative medicine. First, we investigated that the role of O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in ESC maintenance and differentiation, and in somatic cell reprogramming. Because, O-GlcNAc has emerged as a critical regulator of diverse cellular processes, but its role in ESCs and pluripotency has not been investigated yet. Here we show that O-GlcNAcylation directly regulates core components of the pluripotency network. Blocking O-GlcNAcylation disrupts ESC self-renewal and reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs. The core reprogramming factors Oct4 and Sox2 are O-GlcNAcylated in ESCs, but the O-GlcNAc modification is rapidly removed upon differentiation. O-GlcNAc modification of Threonine 228 in Oct4 regulates Oct4 transcriptional activity and is important for inducing many pluripotency related genes, including Klf2, Klf5, Nr5a2, Tbx3 and Tcl1. A T228A point mutation that eliminates this O-GlcNAc modification reduces the capacity of Oct4 to maintain ESC self-renewal and reprogram somatic cells. Overall, our study makes a direct connection between O-GlcNAcylation of key regulatory transcription factors and the activity of the pluripotency network. Second, we investigated the stable silencing of active ESC genes during differentiation. Pluripotency is governed by a core transcription factor (CTF) network to establish autoregulatory circuitry in ESCs. For proper exit from pluripotency to lineage commitments, CTF circuitry should be extinguished in an orderly manner by epigenetic regulation. Yet, how the stable silencing marker H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) is recruited to active ESC genes during differentiation is poorly understood. Here we show that Ctbp2 is involved in Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated silencing of active ESC genes during differentiation. Ablation of Ctbp2 leads to inappropriate gene silencing in ESCs, thereby sustaining ESC maintenance during differentiation. Ctbp2 in ESCs associates with core components of PRC2 and Oct4. Ctbp2 regulates the recruitment of Ezh2 to active ESC genes and stimulates H3K27me3 during differentiation, which is pivotal for lineage commitment.Abstract i Contents iv List of figures vii Ⅰ. Introduction 1 Ⅱ. Material and Methods 8 1. Mice 9 2. Cell Culture 9 3. Reprogramming 10 4. Retroviral shRNA-Mediated Knockdown of Ogt 11 5. Lentiviral shRNA-Mediated Knockdown of Ctbp2 11 6. Self-Renewal Assay 12 7. DNA Constructs and Chemicals 12 8. In Vitro Differentiation of ESCs 13 9. Generation of Stable Expression of Either Flag-tagged CTBP2 or EED ESCs 14 10. Generation of Rescued-CTBP2/Ctbp2-knockdown ESCs 14 11. sWGA Purification, Immunoprecipitation, Western blot and Immunofluorescence 15 12. Real-Time qPCR 16 13. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay 16 14. Reporter Gene Assay 20 15. Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis of O-GlcNAc Sites in Oct4 20 16. ChIP-sequencing 22 17. Mapping and Identification of Marked Region 22 18. Gel-Filtration Analysis 23 19. Mass Spectrometry Analysis 23 20. Database Search 25 Ⅲ. Results (Part1) 28 O-GlcNAc Regulates Pluripotency and Reprogramming by Directly Acting on Core Components of the Pluripotency Network 1. O-GlcNAc Regulates ESC Self-Renewal and Differentiation, and Somatic Cell Reprogramming 29 2. Core Components of the Pluripotency Network Are Modified by O-GlcNAc in Undifferentiated ESCs 38 3. Mapping O-GlcNAcylation Sites on Oct4 and Sox2 45 4. An O-GlcNAcylation-Defective Mutant of Oct4 and Sox2 Reduces Reprogramming Efficiency and ESC Self-Renewal 55 5. O-GlcNAcylation Regulates Oct4 Transcriptional Activity 62 6. Identification of Genes Regulated by Oct4 O-GlcNAcylation 73 Ⅲ. Results (Part2) 83 Exit from pluripotency by Ctbp2 via silencing of active ESC genes during differentiation 1. Ctbp2, but not Ctbp1, is associated with undifferentiated state and is a downstream target of core transcription factors (CTFs) in ESCs 84 2. Knockdown of Ctbp2 in E14 ESCs did not affect ESC maintenance, but impaired ESC exit from pluripotency during differentiation 90 3. Rescue of Ctbp2 depletion phenotype during ESC differentiation 95 4. Ctbp2 is a component of PRC2 complex 102 5. Ctbp2 regulates PRC2 recruitment, but not Oct4 recruitment 111 6. Oct4 depletion-mediated differentiation is impeded in the absence of Ctbp2 117 Ⅳ. Discussion 123 Ⅴ. References 130 Ⅵ. Abstract in Korean 145Docto

외래 배양법을 이용한 메추리 발생초기의 원시생식세포 이동에 관한 연구

Thesis(master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :농생명공학부 동물유전공학전공,2007.Maste

Quantum polynomial fingerprint for the equality problem

Thesis(master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :수리과학부,2005.Maste

경제적인 고생산성의 대장균 유래 무세포 단백질 생산시스템의 개발

Thesis(doctor`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :응용화학부,2007.Docto

Chemokines and chemokine receptors of intraocular lymphocytes in patients with endogenous uveitis

학위논문(석사) --서울대학교 대학원 :의학과 안과학 전공,2007.Maste