40 research outputs found

    Investigation of particle agglomeration with in-situ generation of oxygen bubble during the tungsten chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process

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    This research investigates abrasive particles agglomeration via interaction between O-2 bubbles and slurry abrasives during the tungsten chemical mechanical polishing (W CMP) process. The abrasive particles in slurry were highly agglomerated due to higher volumes of O-2 bubbles produced in the reaction between the catalyst Fe (NO3)8(3) and the oxidizer H2O2. Results obtained from a gas pressure sensor confirmed the generation of higher O-2 volume via the decomposition of H2O2 at a high catalyst concentration and an increase in reaction temperature. The decomposed O-2 volume rate at 80 degrees C was reported at the maximum value of 2.0 x 10(-2) L/s at 120 ppm as compared to the moderate and minimum rates of 3.5 x 10(-3) and 3.2 x 10(-4) L/s for catalyst concentrations of 60 and 30 ppm, respectively. Images of O-2 bubbles, captured using a high-speed camera, exhibited subsequent enhancement in average O-2 bubble diameters of 91, 427, and 503 mu m at 25, 60, and 80 degrees C, respectively. Analysis of surface scans confirmed large abrasive particles contamination on the TEOS wafer with an increase in the O-2 bubble flow rate and bubbling time. Also, large abrasive particles agglomeration was observed in the presence of O-2 bubbles as compared to no bubbles, as measured by dynamic light scattering DLS. It is believed that higher hydrophilicity of abrasive particles with O-2 bubbles increased the adhesive force between the abrasive particles and the in-situ generated O-2 bubbles. The high drag force generated during the collapse of O-2 bubbles is essentially attributed a strong attractive force between the abrasive particles and the TEOS wafer which strongly binds with the abrasive particles and intensifies the defect level as particle agglomeration

    Infiltration assay and prognosis using immunohistochemical stain in gliomas

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    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/박사[ν•œκΈ€]μ’…μ–‘μ˜ μΉ¨μœ€μ„±μ€ λ‡Œμ’…μ–‘μ˜ 쑰직병리학적 νŠΉμ§•μ΄λ‹€. λ―Έμ„Έν•˜κ²Œ μΉ¨μœ€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μ’…μ–‘ 세포λ₯Ό 효과적으둜 차단할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ•…μ„± λ‡Œμ’…μ–‘μ˜ κ΅­μ†Œμ μΈ 치료뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ΅­μ†Œμ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ μ›κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œμ˜ μ’…μ–‘ μž¬λ°œλ„ 막을 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. μ›λ°œμ„± λ‡Œμ’…μ–‘μ€‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν”ν•œ κ΅μ’…μ—μ„œλ„ 쒅양세포가 정상 λ‡Œμ‘°μ§μ„ κΉŠμˆ™μ΄ μΉ¨μœ€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κ΄€μ°° ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”λ°, λ§Œμ•½ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μΉ¨μœ€μ„±μ„ μ–΅μ œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ κ΅μ’…μ˜ 치료 μ„±μ μ˜ ν–₯상을 κΈ°λŒ€ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.μ’…μ–‘μ˜ μΉ¨μœ€μ„±μ„ κ°œκ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 면역쑰직화학적 염색방법은 μ’…μ–‘μ˜ 쑰직학적 νŠΉμ„± 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ’…μ–‘μ˜ μœ μ „μ ν•™ 변이λ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ κ°„νŽΈν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ μž„μƒμ—μ„œ μ†μ‰½κ²Œ μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 검색 방법이닀. 이 방법을 톡해 κ΅μ’…μ˜ μΉ¨μœ€μ„±μ— κ΄€κ³„λœ μ—¬λŸ¬ μΈμžλ“€μ˜ λ©΄μ—­ λ°˜μ‘μ„±μ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ³ , 이 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν™˜μžμ˜ μ˜ˆν›„ 및 병리쑰직학적 νŠΉμ„±(μ„Έκ³„λ³΄κ±΄κΈ°κ΅¬μ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 4단계 λΆ„λ₯˜)κ³Ό 비ꡐ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.총 41λͺ…(λ‚¨μž 19λͺ…, μ—¬μž 22λͺ…)의 ν™˜μžκ°€ 이 연ꡬ에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 수술 받을 λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ λ‚˜μ΄λŠ” 3μ„Έμ—μ„œ 63μ„ΈκΉŒμ§€ λΆ„ν¬ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 좔적 관찰은 4κ°œμ›”μ—μ„œ 201κ°œμ›”μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. λ©΄μ—­λ°˜μ‘μ •λ„μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ μƒμ‘΄μœ¨μ— 차이λ₯Ό 보여쀀 것은 tenascin, collagen type IV, CD44, GFAP, Caspase 3 μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 비둝 증λͺ…λ˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯성을 보여쀀 것은 vimentinκ³Ό Ki-67이닀. μ’…μ–‘ λ“±κΈ‰κ³Όμ˜ 연관성이 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚œ 것은 GFAP와 caspase 3μ˜€λ‹€.ꡐ쒅은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ˜ˆν›„λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 일련의 쒅양ꡰ이닀. ν”νžˆ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 병리학적 λΆ„λ₯˜λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ˜ˆν›„λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ°μ— λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 뢀뢄이 없지 μ•ŠμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μ΄μƒμ˜ ν‘œμ§€μžλ“€μ„ μ’…μ–‘λ“±κΈ‰κ³Ό 같이 μ˜ˆν›„ μΈμžλ‘œμ„œ ν™œμš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 쑰직병리학적 λ“±κΈ‰μ˜ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 점을 보좩할 수 있으며, 이둜 인해 ν™˜μžμ˜ 치료 성적을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. [영문]The invasiveness of tumors is the histopathological features of the brain tumors. Theoretically controlling the invaded tumor cells can helps us treat the local tumors and keep the tumors from recurring in the local or distant areas. Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumor, sometimes present the deep invasion to the normal brain tissues. If you can prevent the invasiveness, you can expect the improvement of the treatment outcome.You can detachedly analyze the invasiveness of the tumors using the immunohistochemical stains. The immunohistochemical stain is the easiest and the strongest clinical study with which you can reveal the histological characteristics and the genetical variations. Using the immunohistochemical stain, we surveyed the immunological responsiveness of the some markers, which has known to be related to the invasiveness of the gliomas. And we compared the result to the prognosis and histopathological characteristics (4 grades by world health organization).41 patients (19 men and 22 women) were included in this study. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 63 years and the follow-up periods ranged from 4 to 201 months. The survival rates by immunoreactivity of the gliomas to the markers showed a difference in the markers: tenascin, collagen type IV, CD44, GFAP and caspase 3. The possible difference was noted in the markers; vimentin and Ki-67. The relationships between the immunoreactivity to the markers and the glioma grade were noted in the markers: GFAP and caspase 3. The glioma is a group of tumors that have a variety of prognosis. The prognosis cannot be always explained very well by the common histopathological classification. If we use the markers as the prognostic factors, we can compensate the paucity of the histopathological classification commonly used and we can expect the improvement of the treatment outcome.ope

    μœ μ‚¬κ΅¬μ‘°μ™€ κ°œλ³„μ  λ³€ν˜•μ— μ˜ν•œ 쑰각 μ œμž‘ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ‘°μ†Œκ³Ό μ‘°μ†Œμ „κ³΅,1995.Maste

    (The) role of foramen ovale electrode insertion in the temporal lobe epilepsy surgery.

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    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/석사[ν•œκΈ€] 연ꡬ배경 : 약물에 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ‚΄μΈ‘κΈ°μ €(mesiobasal) 츑두엽 κ°„μ§ˆ ν™˜μžλŠ” μ „μΈ‘λ‘μ—½μ ˆμ œμˆ (anterior temporal lobectomy, ATL) ν˜Ήμ€ 선택적인 νŽΈλ„ν•΅-ν•΄λ§ˆμ ˆμ œμˆ ( amygdalohippocampectomy,AHE)에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ 치료될 수 μžˆλ‹€. 이듀 ν™˜μžμ˜ μˆ˜μˆ μ „ 평가에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 심도 μ „κ·Ή(depth electrodes) ν˜Ήμ€ κ²½λ§‰ν•˜ 쑰각 μ „κ·Ή(subdural strip electrodes)κ³Ό 같은 λ‘κ°œκ°•λ‚΄ μ „κ·Ή(intracranial electrodes)의 역할은 잘 μΈμ‹λ˜μ–΄μ Έμ™”λ‹€. λ‚œμ›κ³΅μ„ 톡해 λ‘κ°œκ°•λ‚΄ μ „κ·Ήλ₯Ό λ„£λŠ” 방법은 1985λ…„ Wieser등에 μ˜ν•΄ 처음으둜 개발, μ†Œκ°œλ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©° 이 방법은 츑두엽 κ°„μ§ˆμ˜ μœ„μΉ˜κ²°μ •(localization) 및 λ²”μœ„κ²°μ •(delineation)에 νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄κ³ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 방법 : 1999λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2002λ…„κΉŒμ§€ λ‚œμΉ˜μ„± 츑두엽 κ°„μ§ˆ(intractable temporal lobe epilepsy)둜 진단받은 27λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ λ‹€κ·Ήμ„± λ‚œμ›κ³΅ μ „κ·Ή μ‚½μž…[multipolar foramen ovale electrode(FOE) insertion]이 μ‹œν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‘κ°œκ°•μ™Έ λ‡ŒνŒŒκ²€μ‚¬(extracranial electroencephalography)상 μΈ‘μœ„ν™”(lateralization)κ°€ 이루어지지 μ•Šμ€ κ²½μš°λ‚˜ λ‘κ°œκ°•μ™Έ λ‡ŒνŒŒκ²€μ‚¬μƒμ˜ μΈ‘μœ„ν™” κ²°κ³Όκ°€ ν•΅μžκΈ°κ³΅λͺ…μ˜μƒ(MRI)μƒμ˜ λ‚΄μΈ‘ 츑두엽경화(mesial temporal sclerosis)와 μΌμΉ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²½μš°μ— λ‚œμ›κ³΅ μ „κ·Ή μ‚½μž…μ„ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ΅­μ†Œλ§ˆμ·¨ν•˜μ—μ„œ λ‚œμ›κ³΅ μ „κ·Ή μ‚½μž…μ€ μ‹œν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©° κ·Έ 방법은 Kirschner의 방법을 λ”°λžλ‹€. κ²°κ³Ό: λ‚œμ›κ³΅ 전극을 ν†΅ν•œ λ‡ŒνŒŒκ²€μ‚¬ κ²°κ³Ό 27λͺ… 쀑 24λͺ…μ—μ„œ λ°œμž‘ λ°œλ³‘λΆ€μœ„(seizure focus)λ₯Ό 밝힐 수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©° 그에 따라 μ „μΈ‘λ‘μ—½μ ˆμ œμˆ μ„ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 3λͺ…μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‚œμ›κ³΅ μ „κ·Ή λ‡ŒνŒŒκ²€μ‚¬λ‘œ μΈ‘μœ„ν™”κ°€ λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μ„œ 심도 μ „κ·Ή μ‚½μž…μ„ ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 이λ₯Ό 톡해 λ°œμž‘μ˜ λ°œλ³‘ λ°©ν–₯ 및 λΆ€μœ„λ₯Ό λ°ν˜”λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 이 3λͺ…μ—μ„œλ„ 이에 따라 수술이 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 27λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžμ€‘ 21λͺ…μ—μ„œλŠ” λ°œμž‘μ—†μŒ(seizure-free)μœΌλ‘œμ„œ Engel's classI,10λͺ…μ—μ„œλŠ” λ“œλ¬Έ λ°œμž‘( rare seizure)λ‘œμ„œ Engel's class II,1λͺ…μ—μ„œλŠ” μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” ν˜Έμ „(worthwhile improvement)λ‘œμ„œ Engel's class IIl 의 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. κ²°λ‘ : λ‚œμ›κ³΅ μ „κ·Ή μ‚½μž…μ˜ 방법은 λ‘κ°œκ°•μ™Έ λ‡ŒνŒŒκ²€μ‚¬μƒμ˜ μ–‘μΈ‘ λ‚΄μΈ‘κΈ°μ € 츑두엽 λ°œλ³‘μ˜ λ°œμž‘μ—μ„œ μΈ‘μœ„ν™”λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ° μœ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ 쓰일 수 μžˆλ‹€. 이 방법은 심도 μ „κ·Ή ν˜Ήμ€ κ²½λ§‰ν•˜ 전극에 λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 침슡적 정도가 μ•½(less invasive)ν•˜λ©° 더 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. [영문] Background : Patients suffering from drug-resistant mesiobasal temporal lobe epilepsy can be successfully operated on by anterior temporal lobe resection(ATL) or selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy. During the presurgical evaluation, the role of depth electrodes and subdural strip electrodes for intracranial electroencephalographic recording has been well recognized. A technique of recording from the mesiobasal temporal lobe by inserting an intracranial electrode through the foramen ovale(FOE) was described by Wieser in 1985. They reported this technique could be used to localize and delineate the seizure focus in patients with the intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods : From March 1999 to March 2002, a multipolar FOE analysis was used in 27 intractable temporal lobe seizure patients. We implanted the FOE in cases of non-lateralized seizure onset by the routine extracranial EEGs or EEG abnormalities inconsistent with the results of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Under local anesthesia, bilateral FOEs were implanted according to the techique introduced by Kirschner. Results : Telemetry recording from FOE; twenty-four patients revealed clear onset of seizures originating from one side of the MTL and underwent anterior temporal lobectomy(ATL), three patients had non-lateralized onset and underwent the depth electrode insertion. They underwent the ATL after depth electrode analysis. Twenty-one patients showed the seizure-free status after ATL(Engel's classifcation I ).Five patients had only rare seizures(Engel's classifcation II).One patient showed worthwhile improvement(Engel's classifcation III). Conclusions : The technique of FOE placement is reliable for lateralization of seizure onset not clearly captured by extracranial EEGs. This technique is less invasive and safer than the depth electrodes or subdural grids placements.ope

    Dynamic Systems Simulator Improvement using Centralized Component Attribute Control and Diverse Communication Layers of Material and Information

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μƒνƒœμ‘°κ²½.μ§€μ—­μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€(μ§€μ—­μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³΅ν•™μ „κ³΅),2007.Maste

    λ„μ‹œμ§€μ—­ 고정식 μ‹ ν˜Έμ²΄κ³„μ˜ 효율적 운영

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