40 research outputs found
Investigation of particle agglomeration with in-situ generation of oxygen bubble during the tungsten chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process
This research investigates abrasive particles agglomeration via interaction between O-2 bubbles and slurry abrasives during the tungsten chemical mechanical polishing (W CMP) process. The abrasive particles in slurry were highly agglomerated due to higher volumes of O-2 bubbles produced in the reaction between the catalyst Fe (NO3)8(3) and the oxidizer H2O2. Results obtained from a gas pressure sensor confirmed the generation of higher O-2 volume via the decomposition of H2O2 at a high catalyst concentration and an increase in reaction temperature. The decomposed O-2 volume rate at 80 degrees C was reported at the maximum value of 2.0 x 10(-2) L/s at 120 ppm as compared to the moderate and minimum rates of 3.5 x 10(-3) and 3.2 x 10(-4) L/s for catalyst concentrations of 60 and 30 ppm, respectively. Images of O-2 bubbles, captured using a high-speed camera, exhibited subsequent enhancement in average O-2 bubble diameters of 91, 427, and 503 mu m at 25, 60, and 80 degrees C, respectively. Analysis of surface scans confirmed large abrasive particles contamination on the TEOS wafer with an increase in the O-2 bubble flow rate and bubbling time. Also, large abrasive particles agglomeration was observed in the presence of O-2 bubbles as compared to no bubbles, as measured by dynamic light scattering DLS. It is believed that higher hydrophilicity of abrasive particles with O-2 bubbles increased the adhesive force between the abrasive particles and the in-situ generated O-2 bubbles. The high drag force generated during the collapse of O-2 bubbles is essentially attributed a strong attractive force between the abrasive particles and the TEOS wafer which strongly binds with the abrasive particles and intensifies the defect level as particle agglomeration
Infiltration assay and prognosis using immunohistochemical stain in gliomas
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μμ μ μ μ ν λ³μ΄λ₯Ό νμΈν μ μλ κ°μ₯ κ°νΈνλ©΄μλ μμμμ μμ½κ² μ μ©ν μ μλ κ°λ ₯ν κ²μ λ°©λ²μ΄λ€. μ΄ λ°©λ²μ ν΅ν΄ κ΅μ’
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)μ νμκ° μ΄ μ°κ΅¬μ ν¬ν¨λμλ€. μμ λ°μ λΉμμ λμ΄λ 3μΈμμ 63μΈκΉμ§ λΆν¬νμμΌλ©°, μΆμ κ΄μ°°μ 4κ°μμμ 201κ°μμ΄μλ€. λ©΄μλ°μμ λμ λ°λΌμ μμ‘΄μ¨μ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ€ κ²μ tenascin, collagen type IV, CD44, GFAP, Caspase 3 μμΌλ©°, λΉλ‘ μ¦λͺ
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[μλ¬Έ]The invasiveness of tumors is the histopathological features of the brain tumors. Theoretically controlling the invaded tumor cells can helps us treat the local tumors and keep the tumors from recurring in the local or distant areas. Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumor, sometimes present the deep invasion to the normal brain tissues. If you can prevent the invasiveness, you can expect the improvement of the treatment outcome.You can detachedly analyze the invasiveness of the tumors using the immunohistochemical stains. The immunohistochemical stain is the easiest and the strongest clinical study with which you can reveal the histological characteristics and the genetical variations. Using the immunohistochemical stain, we surveyed the immunological responsiveness of the some markers, which has known to be related to the invasiveness of the gliomas. And we compared the result to the prognosis and histopathological characteristics (4 grades by world health organization).41 patients (19 men and 22 women) were included in this study. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 63 years and the follow-up periods ranged from 4 to 201 months. The survival rates by immunoreactivity of the gliomas to the markers showed a difference in the markers: tenascin, collagen type IV, CD44, GFAP and caspase 3. The possible difference was noted in the markers; vimentin and Ki-67. The relationships between the immunoreactivity to the markers and the glioma grade were noted in the markers: GFAP and caspase 3. The glioma is a group of tumors that have a variety of prognosis. The prognosis cannot be always explained very well by the common histopathological classification. If we use the markers as the prognostic factors, we can compensate the paucity of the histopathological classification commonly used and we can expect the improvement of the treatment outcome.ope
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ‘°μκ³Ό μ‘°μμ 곡,1995.Maste
(The) role of foramen ovale electrode insertion in the temporal lobe epilepsy surgery.
μνκ³Ό/μμ¬[νκΈ]
μ°κ΅¬λ°°κ²½ : μ½λ¬Όμ λ°μνμ§ μλ λ΄μΈ‘κΈ°μ (mesiobasal) μΈ‘λμ½ κ°μ§ νμλ μ μΈ‘λμ½μ μ μ (anterior temporal lobectomy, ATL) νΉμ μ νμ μΈ νΈλν΅-ν΄λ§μ μ μ ( amygdalohippocampectomy,AHE)μ μν΄μ μ±κ³΅μ μΌλ‘ μΉλ£λ μ μλ€. μ΄λ€ νμμ μμ μ νκ°μ μμ΄μ μ¬λ μ κ·Ή(depth electrodes) νΉμ κ²½λ§ν μ‘°κ° μ κ·Ή(subdural strip electrodes)κ³Ό κ°μ λκ°κ°λ΄ μ κ·Ή(intracranial electrodes)μ μν μ μ μΈμλμ΄μ Έμλ€. λμ곡μ ν΅ν΄ λκ°κ°λ΄ μ κ·Ήλ₯Ό λ£λ λ°©λ²μ 1985λ
Wieserλ±μ μν΄ μ²μμΌλ‘ κ°λ°, μκ°λμμΌλ©° μ΄ λ°©λ²μ μΈ‘λμ½ κ°μ§μ μμΉκ²°μ (localization) λ° λ²μκ²°μ (delineation)μ ν¨κ³Όκ° μλ κ²μΌλ‘ λ³΄κ³ λμλ€.
λ°©λ² : 1999λ
λΆν° 2002λ
κΉμ§ λμΉμ± μΈ‘λμ½ κ°μ§(intractable temporal lobe epilepsy)λ‘ μ§λ¨λ°μ 27λͺ
μ νμμμ λ€κ·Ήμ± λμ곡 μ κ·Ή μ½μ
[multipolar foramen ovale electrode(FOE) insertion]μ΄
μνλμλ€. μ°λ¦¬λ λκ°κ°μΈ λνκ²μ¬(extracranial electroencephalography)μ μΈ‘μν(lateralization)κ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§μ§ μμ κ²½μ°λ λκ°κ°μΈ λνκ²μ¬μμ μΈ‘μν κ²°κ³Όκ° ν΅μ기곡λͺ
μμ(MRI)μμ λ΄μΈ‘ μΈ‘λμ½κ²½ν(mesial temporal sclerosis)μ μΌμΉνμ§ μλ κ²½μ°μ λμ곡 μ κ·Ή μ½μ
μ νμλ€. κ΅μλ§μ·¨νμμ λμ곡 μ κ·Ή μ½μ
μ μνλμμΌλ©° κ·Έ λ°©λ²μ Kirschnerμ λ°©λ²μ λ°λλ€.
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μμ λ°μ λ°λ³λΆμ(seizure focus)λ₯Ό λ°ν μ μμμΌλ©° κ·Έμ λ°λΌ μ μΈ‘λμ½μ μ μ μ νμλ€. 3λͺ
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μμλ λ°μμμ(seizure-free)μΌλ‘μ Engel's classI,10λͺ
μμλ λλ¬Έ λ°μ( rare seizure)λ‘μ Engel's class II,1λͺ
μμλ μλ―Έμλ νΈμ (worthwhile improvement)λ‘μ Engel's class IIl μ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보μλ€.
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[μλ¬Έ]
Background : Patients suffering from drug-resistant mesiobasal temporal lobe epilepsy can be successfully operated on by anterior temporal lobe resection(ATL) or selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy. During the presurgical evaluation, the role of depth electrodes and subdural strip electrodes for intracranial electroencephalographic recording has been well recognized.
A technique of recording from the mesiobasal temporal lobe by inserting an intracranial electrode through the foramen ovale(FOE) was described by Wieser in 1985. They reported this technique could be used to localize and delineate the seizure focus in patients with the intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.
Methods : From March 1999 to March 2002, a multipolar FOE analysis was used in 27 intractable temporal lobe seizure patients. We implanted the FOE in cases of non-lateralized seizure onset by the routine extracranial EEGs or EEG abnormalities inconsistent with the results of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Under local anesthesia, bilateral FOEs were implanted according to the techique introduced by Kirschner.
Results : Telemetry recording from FOE; twenty-four patients revealed clear onset of seizures originating from one side of the MTL and underwent anterior temporal lobectomy(ATL), three patients had non-lateralized onset and underwent the depth electrode insertion. They underwent the ATL after
depth electrode analysis. Twenty-one patients showed the seizure-free status after ATL(Engel's classifcation I ).Five patients had only rare seizures(Engel's classifcation II).One patient showed
worthwhile improvement(Engel's classifcation III).
Conclusions : The technique of FOE placement is reliable for lateralization of seizure onset not clearly captured by extracranial EEGs. This technique is less invasive and safer than the depth electrodes or subdural grids placements.ope
Dynamic Systems Simulator Improvement using Centralized Component Attribute Control and Diverse Communication Layers of Material and Information
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