24 research outputs found

    A Study on the Measurement and Analysis of Bearing Reaction Forces of Marine Propulsion Shafting

    Get PDF
    Modern ship hulls of large oil carriers and container carriers have become more flexible with scantling optimization and increase in ship length. On the other hand, as the demand for power has increased with the ship size, shaft diameters have become larger and stiffer. Consequently, the alignment of the propulsion system has become more sensitive to hull girder deflections, resulting in difficulties in analyzing the alignment and conducting the alignment procedure. Accordingly, the frequency of shaft alignment related bearing damages has increased significantly in recent years. Specially, after stern tube bearing damage and failure for large oil carriers have been reported several times. However, the bearing reaction of the after stern tube bearing cannot be measured by jack-up method due to the hull structure condition. Therefore, when the jack-up method is used for the bearing reaction measurements, the bearing reaction for the after stern tube bearing obtained from the theoretical calculation method have to be used. In this paper, the shaft alignment on the large oil carrier is theoretically calculated and the differences between the calculated and actual installed bearing reaction values are compared. The bearing reactions for forward stern tube bearing and intermediate bearing are calculated by the simple formula using the strain gauge bending moments obtained from the measurements. Their reliability is confirmed by comparing the bearing reactions from jack-up method and the bearing reaction for after stern tube bearing is calculated by the same method. Also, the bearing reactions on the after stern tube bearing, forward stern tube bearing and intermediate shaft bearing under all operating conditions are calculated by using the bending moments obtained from the measurements and it is confirmed that the differences of the bearing reaction for all operating conditions are caused from hull deflection. The results of this study should prove useful for the future projects of the alignment calculation including the hull deflection effectivenessAbstract ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  = 1 ์ œ2์žฅ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• = 3 2.1 ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์‹์˜ ์œ ๋„ = 3 2.2 ์ ˆ์ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ํ•ด๋ฒ• = 8 2.3 ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ = 11 2.4 ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ • = 13 ์ œ3์žฅ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• = 16 3.1 ์žญ-์—…์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์ธก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• = 16 3.2 ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฝํž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๊ณ„์ธก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• = 20 3.3 ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ํ•ด์„ = 26 ์ œ4์žฅ ์‹ค์„ ์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ์ด๋ก ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์ธก์ •์น˜์˜ ๋น„๊ต = 31 4.1 ์ด๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ํ•ด์„ = 33 4.2 ์ธก์ •์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ = 35 4.3 ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์˜ ํ•ด์„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •์น˜์˜ ๋น„๊ต = 41 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  = 43 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ = 4

    Seasonal Variation of House Dust Mite and Its Influence on the Inhabitant Health

    Get PDF
    Background: Exposure to aeroallergens is a critical factor for sensitization of allergens and provocation of respiratory allergic symptoms. Objective: We investigated the seasonal variation of the infestation of house dust mites in the domestic environment of Seoul and its vicinities and its influences on the health of inhabitants. Method: The study was performed from April 2000 through January 2001, comprised 63 houses. The dust samples were collected from bedclothes, bedroom, kitchen, and living room floors by vacuum cleaner in April, July, October, and January. Group 1 major allergen of D. farinae (Der f 1) was measured by two-site ELISA. Specific IgE of enrolled subjects was measured by ELISA. The status of health was evaluated by the questionnaire comprising 5 domains and 26 items. Result: House dust mite (HDM) was detected in 85% houses. Concentration of Der f 1 in the bedclothes dust was highest in October, followed by January, July, and April. The seasonal variation of Der f 1 was prominent in the floor dust. The prevalence of specific IgE to HDM is higher in subjects with high Der f 1 in bedclothes dust (๏ผž2ฮผg/g dust). There was no difference in eye and nasal symptoms between inhabitants with low (Der f 1๏ผœ2ฮผg/g dust) and high Der f 1 (Der f 1โ‰ฅ2ฮผg/g dust) group in bedclothes dust. However, in the high Der f 1 group, inhabitants more frequently had complained of the difficulty in breathing at day and night during recent 1 year. Conclusion: Marked seasonal variation of HDM infestation is found in domestic environments of Seoul citizens and exposure to HDM can affect the health of the inhabitants.ope

    Multicenter Analysis of the Current Status of Unproved Complementary/ Alternative Medicine Other than Herbal Medication in Allergy Patients

    Get PDF
    Background/Aims: The use of unproven complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) to treat allergies is popular in Korea. We conducted a multicenter survey of the current use of CAM other than herbal medication in Korean allergy patients. Methods: This study enrolled 510 adults with allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria, from ten hospitals. They underwent a structured questionnaire interview and clinical assessment of the prevalence, motivation, costs, and subjective assessment of CAM. Results: Of the patients, 16.7% used at least one type of CAM to treat their allergic diseases. Common types of CAM were diet (48.6%), aroma therapy (23.8%), massage (14.3%), breathing exercises (7.6%), baths (5.7%), and mind control (5.7%). The therapeutic effects of CAM included "improved" in patients using mind control (50%), diet (50%), breathing exercises (75%), and baths (33.3%), but "worse" in patients using aroma therapy (28%), and massage (26.7%). About 36.4% of the patients used CAM more than four times per year, and the average cost per CAM user was 370,000 won/year. The main reason for trying CAM was `hope to improve my constitution`. Conclusions: CAM is used widely for treating allergic diseases in Korea. Detailed knowledge of CAM and patient education are important. Further studies of the clinical efficacy of CAM are neededope

    Monomorium pharaonis ant : identification of novel inhalant allergens and characterization of its major all

    No full text
    ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์€ ์นจ์— ์˜์ธ ํ›„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋… ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์ข…์ฐฝ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์‹  ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‘๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํ•ญ์›์„ ํก์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‚˜, ์‹ค๋‚ด์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํก์ž…์„ฑ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์ฒœ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ์„œ์‹์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํก์ž…์„ฑ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ถ”ํ›„ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ํ™˜์ž๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์ด ํก์ž…์„ฑ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ช…์ด ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์ด ํก์ž…์„ฑ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋งค์ผ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํก์ž…์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธ์ง€์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ 56๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ (2001๋…„ 4์›”, 7์›”, 10์›” ๋ฐ 2002๋…„ 1์›”)๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค, ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œ์ผœ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์— ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ ํ•ญํ˜ˆ์ฒญ์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•œ ํ›„, ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•œ ์ง‘ ๋จผ์ง€๋‚ด์— ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œ ELISA ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ-ํŠน์ด IgE๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์˜ ํก์ž… ๋…ธ์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๋ฉด ์ฃผ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ IgE ELISA ๋ฐ ์–ต์ œ ELISA ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ํ•ญ์›์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, IgE immunoblotting ๋ฐ 2-dimensional PAGE๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ N-๋ง๋‹จ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์ง€์—ญ 35.7% ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๋จผ์ง€์—์„œ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์€ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์„ ๋ฐ ๊ฒจ์šธ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๋จผ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ด„ ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’์€ ๋†๋„๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (p<0.05). ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žกํžŒ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹ค๋‚ด์— ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žกํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋†’์€ ๋†๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž ์ค‘ 11.5%์—์„œ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ-ํŠน์ด IgE ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค๋‚ด ๋จผ์ง€์—์„œ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž (19.6%)์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž (4.8%)๋ณด๋‹ค ํŠน์ด IgE ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 541๋ช…์˜ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ํ•ญ์›์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 14.8%์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋‹จ์ž์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ด IgE ์ธก์ •์—์„œ ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์— ๊ฐ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์ƒ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฒœ์‹์ด ์˜์‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž 10๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›-ํก์ž… ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 9๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์ฒœ์‹์„ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•ญ์›์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ต์ฐจ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋””๊ฐœ๋ฏธ, ๋ฐ”ํ€ด, ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ต์ฐจ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. IgE immunoblotting ๋ฐ 2-dimensional PAGE ์ƒ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ์ฃผ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์€ 32 kDa ๋ฐ 10 kDa๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 32 kDa ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์€ pI ๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5.62, 5.17, 5.00, 4.81 ์˜€๊ณ , 10 kDa์€ 5.58, 5.28, 5.22, 5.16 ์˜€๋‹ค. 32 kDa ์ฃผ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ N-๋ง๋‹จ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 32 kDa ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋””๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ chymotrypsin๊ณผ 65%์˜ homology๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์• ์ง‘๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค๋‚ด์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํก์ž…์„ฑ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•จ์„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ์šฉ ์‹œ์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ์•ฝ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The sting from ants can cause a range of allergic responses including anaphylaxis in sensitized individuals. There has been no data about the role of ant in the pathogenesis of respiratory allergic diseases. In recent years the indoor house ant, Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh ant), has become a widely spread household throughout the Korea and other parts of the world. Although it was recently mentioned as a possible cause of respiratory allergies, no detailed study has been performed whether pharaoh ant represents an indoor inhalant allergen source. This study was performed to prove the hypothesis that pharaoh ant has potential to liberate several allergenic materials which play an important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory allergy. The pattern of distribution and the amount of pharaoh ant antigens in the living environment were measured to determine whether inhalant exposure to pharaoh ant antigens can be occurred by domestic activities. Home visiting and collection of floor dusts were performed at 3-month interval for 1 year at 56 houses in Seoul, Korea. Pharaoh ant antigens in fine dusts were detected and quantified by inhibition ELISA assays using polyclonal rabbit IgG antibodies, and IgE antibodies to pharaoh ant antigens in residents'' sera were measured by using ELISA. Patients with bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis were enrolled in clinical study. To identify IgE-binding components and major allergens, IgE ELISA and inhibition ELISA, IgE immunoblotting, 2-dimensional PAGE and N-terminal amino acid sequencing were performed. Finally, allergen-bronchial challenge tests were performed for the clinical confirmation of pharaoh ant allergy. Pharaoh ant antigens were detected in at least one indoor site of 35.7% houses. Level of pharaoh ant antigens showed seasonal variation with peak in autumn and winter. Detection rate of pharaoh ant antigens was significantly higher in houses with visual evidence of ant infestation than in houses without infestation, but significant amount of pharaoh ant antigens was also measured in about 20% of houses not reporting signs of ant. Thirteen (11.5%) among 113 residents had pharaoh ant-specific IgE. Pharaoh ant-IgE were more detected in residents (19.6%) with pharaoh ant antigens detected homes than residents (4.8%) without ant antigens. Eighty (14.8%) of 541 patients with respiratory allergy showed both positive skin reactivity and specific IgE to pharaoh ant. The inhibition ELISA assays indicated that pharaoh ant allergens had various pattern of cross-reactivity to house dust mite, cockroach, and other ant allergens from Solenopsis species. Two important IgE-binding components (32 kDa and 10 kDa) were identified as major allergen of pharaoh ant, and N-terminal amino acid sequence of 32 kDa allergen was determined. Finally, pharaoh ant-bronchial challenge tests were conducted for 10 patients, and nine patients showed typical pattern of asthmatic reactions. These results indicate that considerable level of pharaoh ant antigens is distributed in urban indoor environment, and pharaoh ant antigens are important inhalant allergens. Results of this study will ultimately lead to the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic vaccines for the respiratory allergic diseases.ope

    Synthesis and Anticancer activity of Psammaplin A Derivatives

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 8. ๋ฐ•ํ˜•๊ทผ.Psammaplin A๋Š” 1987๋…„ Psammaplysilla sponge๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ด ํ›„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ antibacterial activity, ์•”์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ cyto-toxicity๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์€ Structure-Activity Relationship(SAR) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Psammaplin A๋ณด๋‹ค tetramethylated Psammaplin A ์œ ๋„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 10๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋†’์€ cytotoxicity๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ oxime homodimer, amine homodimer, oxime heterodimer์˜ ์„ธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ด 40์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค ์œ ๋„์ฒด์˜ A549 cell๊ณผ HTC116 cell ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์•”ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, oxime homodimer ๊ณ„์—ด๊ณผ aromatic ring์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋‹จ์— ์ง€์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋„์ฒด์—์„œ ๋†’์€ cytotoxicity๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ cytotoxicity๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ• ๋กœ๊ฒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ dimer์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, oxime ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ alkyl chain์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” dimer์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋˜๋Š” aromatic ring์˜ ์ง€์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•œ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 10์ข…์˜ Psammaplin A ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์ฒด์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™๊ณ„์— ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ethyl acetoacetate์˜ ฮฑ-nitrosation ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋“ค์€ 6์ข…์˜ ์•”์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ญ์•”ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, Psammaplin A ์ž์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•ญ์•”ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ 5์ข…์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์•”์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์‘์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.In 1987, Psammaplin A isolated from Psammaplysilla sponge has been studied continually. As a result, Psammaplin A is known to have cytotoxicity to cancer cell. At 2012, we performed cytotoxicity tests of the 40 kinds of Psammaplin A derivative to A549 cell and HTC116 cell based on the result that Psammaplin A derivative has a cytotoxicity 10 times larger than Psammaplin A. We found that four Psammaplin A derivatives have effective cytotoxicity to cancer cell. Based on the result, I synthesized 10 kinds of Psammaplin A derivatives through modification of functional moiety for construction of focused library. Psammaplin derivatives for construction of focused library were tested to six kinds of cancer cell. I analyzed the result of cytotoxicity test.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 3 ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ 4 Figure ๋ชฉ๋ก 5 Scheme ๋ชฉ๋ก 7 Table ๋ชฉ๋ก 8 โ… . ์„œ ๋ก  9 1. Psammaplin A์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 9 2. Psammaplin A์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค 9 3. Synthetic Method of Psammaplin A (Nicolaou group) 15 4. New Synthetic Method of Psammaplin A 17 5. First screening of Psammalin A derivatives 19 โ…ก. ๋ณธ ๋ก  21 1. Psammaplin์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด ๋””์ž์ธ 21 2. Synthesis of Psammaplin A derivatives 22 3. Biological Activity (Cytotoxicity) 26 โ…ข. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  32 โ…ฃ. ์‹ค ํ—˜ 35 โ…ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 82 โ…ฅ. Abstract 84Maste

    Developments and Applications of Recyclable Catalysts and Highly Active Biocatalysts

    No full text
    Doctor1. Development of Polymer Supported Ruthenium Catalyst and Synthesis of (S)-Rivastigmine via Dynamic Kinetic ResolutionI explored the dynamic kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols using a polymer-supported ruthenium complex as the racemization catalyst. The polymer-bound ruthenium catalyst 15 was prepared by the coupling of polymer-bound benzoyl chloride 13 with [ฮท4-Ph4C4CO]Ru(CO)3 14. This catalyst was several times recyclable for the racemization and DKR of 1-phenylethanol. It was applied to a DKR step for the synthesis of optically pure (S)-rivastigmine 23 which is a useful drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The synthesis of rivastigmine thus was achieved in 5 steps from 3-hydroxyacetophenone with 57% overall yield and 97% ee.2. Activations and Reuses of ฮฑ-Chymotrypsin by Magnetic NanoparticlesAn activity of enzyme is very low in organic media because of denaturation and aggregation of enzymes. To overcome this problem, I explored the role of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) as the additives for enhancing the enzymatic activity in organic media. It was found that IONs enhanced the specific activity of ฮฑ-chymotrypsin by 100-fold if they were mixed with enzyme at 99:1 mass ratio. The activity enhancement appears to be due to the effect of water adsorbed on IONs. IONs-activated ฮฑ-CT was applied to the synthsis of peptides which provided good yields. 3. Developments of Several Ionic Surfactant Coated Enzymes and fast Dynamic Kinetic Resolution with Ionic Surfactant Coated EnzymesI explored the DKR of ฮฑ-alkyl propagyl alcohols using an ionic-surfactant-coated burkholderia cepacia lipase (ISCBCL) and a ruthenium-based racemization catalyst. ISCBCL was prepared by lyophilizing BCL (20%) in the presence of glycine (5%), ionic surfactant (25%) and dextrin (50%). The DKR reactions were performd with solutions containing substrate (0.3 mmol), Ru catalyst (5 mol%), IPA (1.5 eqiv.) and K2CO3 (1.0 equiv.) in toluene at 60 oC. Seven propagyl alcohols were subjected to DKR. All of them were successfully transformed into their acetates with good yields (91~97%) and good enantiopurities (84~99% ee)

    ํ† ๋ฆญ ์•„์ด๋””์–ผ๊ณผ ๋ณดํŽธ ๊ทธ๋ขฐ๋ธŒ๋„ˆ ๊ธฐ์ €

    No full text
    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ,1997.Maste

    Allergen standardization of the whole body extracts of the Korean house dust mites

    No full text
    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ํŠนํžˆ IgE ํ•ญ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ ์ฒœ์‹์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ € ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ํ™˜์ž์˜ 50-80%๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ๊ฐ•์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ 2/3์—์„œ ํŠน์ด IgE ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠน์ด IgE ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ ์ฒœ์‹ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ ํ•ญ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ ์ฒœ์‹ ์œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธฐ, ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ค‘ ์ฒœ์‹๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠน์ด lgE ํ•ญ์ฒด์–‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์™ธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋“ค์—ฌ์˜จ ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ ํ•ญ์›๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์‚ฐ ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ ์ „์ถฉ์ฒด ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—„๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฐ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„๋Œ€ ๋ฒˆ์‹ ์‚ฌ์œกํ•œ ๋‘์ข…์˜ ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ(Dermatophagoides farinae ๋ฐ Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)์˜ ์ „์ถฉ์ฒด ์กฐํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์ž์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋‚ด์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ œ์กฐ ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ ์กฐํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ in-house reference๋กœ ์‚ผ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์šฉ ์ฆ‰, ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ตญ์‚ฐ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€์†์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์ค‘ ์šฐ์ ์ข…์ธ Dermatophagoides farinae(D. farinae) ๋ฐ Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(D. pteronyssinus) ๋‘์ข…์„ ๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ์œกํ•œ ํ›„ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ถ”์ถœ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ฑด์กฐ ๋ถ„๋ง์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ฑด์กฐ ์ „์ถฉ์ฒด ์กฐํ•ญ์› ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋‹น ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ D. farinae 1mg๋‹น 5607g,7.7r7r7nyf7inHf 1mg๋‹น 6807g์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋‹จํฌ๋ก  ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐํ•ญ์›๋‚ด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ฑด์กฐ D. farinae ์กฐํ•ญ์› 1ใŽŽ๋‹น Der fโ…  34.6ใŽ, Der f โ…ก 17.0ใŽ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ฑด์กฐ D. pteronyssinus ์กฐํ•ญ์› 1ใŽŽ๋‹น Der p โ…  21.0ใŽ, Ser p โ…ก 18.6ใŽ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ํ•ญ์›์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ SDS-PAGE์ƒ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰ 14-120kDa ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ immunoblotting ์ƒ ํŠน์ด IgE ํ•ญ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” group โ…ก ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ, ํŠน์ด IgE ํ•ญ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„ํš์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ELISA ์–ต์ œ์‹œํ—˜์ƒ ๋‘์ข…์˜ ์ „์ถฉ์ฒด ์กฐํ•ญ์› ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰-์˜์กดํ˜• ์–ต์ œ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ํ•ญ์›์˜ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ D. farinae๋Š” 0.19ใŽ์—์„œ, D. pteronyssinus๋Š” 0.08ใŽ์—์„œ 50% ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. 120๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘์ข…์˜ ์กฐํ•ญ์›์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋†๋„๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋‹จ์ž์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ D. farinae๋Š” 1:1,500w/v ํฌ์„์•ก์—์„œ ํžˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฏผ 1ใŽŽ/ml๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒฝ์ง„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” 1,000 Biologic unit(BU)/ml๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ D. pteronyssinus๋Š” 1:1,000w/v์—์„œ 1,000 BU/ml๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 6. ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์ž์‹œํ—˜์ƒ ๋‘์ข…์˜ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ธ 30๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1:100w/v์˜ ํ•ญ์›์•ก์„ 3๋ฐฐ์”ฉ 15๋ฒˆ์งธ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌ์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋‘์ข… ๋ชจ๋‘ 1:100w/v์ด 100,000 Allergy unit(AU)/ml๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 7. 137์˜ˆ์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ๋œ D. farinae 5,000 BU/ml๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์ž์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ELISA ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํŠน์ด IgE ํ•ญ์ฒด์˜ ์–‘, ์Œ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋„ 78.1%, ํŠน์ด๋„ 77.2%(Bencard์‚ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ D. farinae๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ 73.7%, ํŠน์ด๋„ 78 .7%)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ D. pteronyssinus 5,000 BU/ใŽ–๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ 81.2%, ํŠน์ด๋„ 72.1%(Bencard์‚ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ D. pteronyssinus๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ 76.8%, ํŠน์ด๋„ 85.3%)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ ์ „์ถฉ์ฒด ์กฐํ•ญ์›์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ์ž„์ƒ์‘์šฉ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ถ”์ถœ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ์•Œ๋ ˆ๋ฅด๊ฒ์˜ ๊ตญ์‚ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] House dust mites have been known as the most important allergen in respiratory allergic disease. By numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, Dermatophagoides farinae(D. farinae) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(D. pteronyssinus) have been recognized as the most important species among family Pyrogliphidae in Korea. Since environmental factors may have influences on the pathogenesis of allergic disease, study using Korean house dust mites for the immune and biologic reactions of house dust mite-sensitive allergic disease is considered as significant. Thus we made in-house two Korean house dust mites(D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus) allergenic extracts and performed this study for the allergen standardization by in vitro and in vivo methods and for the evaluation of the reliabilities of the clinical application. 1. There were 560ใŽ and 680ใŽ of proteins in 1ใŽŽ of each lyophilized D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus whole body allergenic extracts. In major allergen quantification using house dust mite specific monoclonal antibodies, there was 34.6ใŽ of Der f โ…  and 17.0ใŽ of Der f โ…ก allergen in 1ใŽŽ of lyophilized D. farinae extract, and 21.0ใŽ of Der p โ…  and 18.6ใŽ of Der p โ…ก allergen in 1ใŽŽ of lyophilized D. pteronyssinus allergenic extracts respectively. 2. Evenly distributed many allergenic components including major allergen were identified by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis. 3. Both D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus were seen as dose-dependent inhibition pattern by ELISA inhibition test. The amounts of allergen for the fifty percent inhibition was 0.19ใŽ of D. farinae and 0.08ใŽ of D. pteronyssinus. 4. The activity of 1:1,500w/v of D. farinae and 1:1,000w/v of D. pteronyssinus were considered 1,000 Biology unit(BU) as a results of biologic standardization using skin prick test techniques, and 1:100w/v of both D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus were 100,000 allergy unit(AU) as a results of intradermal biologic standardization 5. Similiar diagnostic sensitivies and specificies were seen at the skin prick test with in-house made house dust mite extracts compared to the results of widely used commercial allergenic sample. In conclusion there were relatively large amounts of major allergen in in-house made house dust mite whole body extracts and showed good allergenic activities both in vitro and in vivo. Thus it is considered as clinically useful and reliable allergenic extracts.restrictio
    corecore