20 research outputs found

    The Economic and Environmental Impacts of Diffusion of Electric Vehicles in Korea

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν™˜κ²½λŒ€ν•™μ› ν™˜κ²½κ³„νšν•™κ³Ό, 2018. 2. ν™μ’…ν˜Έ.μžλ™μ°¨ μ „λ ₯ν™”λŠ” λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ 진행 쀑이며 μžλ™μ°¨μ—μ„œ λ°°μΆœλ˜λŠ” μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ κ°μΆ•ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œ μ „κΈ°μ°¨ 확산을 μž₯λ €ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μžλ™μ°¨ μ „λ ₯화에 λ”°λ₯Έ 경제 및 ν™˜κ²½νŒŒκΈ‰ 효과λ₯Ό κ³„μ‚°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 일차적인 λͺ©μ μ΄λ©° κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯κ³Ό μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ 감좕이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 경둜λ₯Ό νƒμƒ‰ν•˜λŠ” 것이 핡심 λͺ©μ μ΄λ‹€. λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ ν•œκ³„λ‘œ μΉœν™˜κ²½ μžλ™μ°¨ 쀑 배터리 μ „κΈ°μžλ™μ°¨(BEV)λ§Œμ„ 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œμ •ν•˜μ˜€κ³  뢄석 기간은 μ „κΈ°μ°¨ ν™•μ‚° 속도와 λ‚΄μ—°κΈ°κ΄€μ°¨ λˆ„μ λŒ€μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ 2010∼2035λ…„μœΌλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ „κΈ°μ°¨ ν™•μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ νŒŒκΈ‰νš¨κ³Όλ₯Ό κ³„μ‚°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ν™•μ‚°λͺ¨ν˜•κ³Ό μ—λ„ˆμ§€λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ „κΈ°μ°¨ 판맀율과 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ†ŒλΉ„λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μΆ”μ •ν•˜κ³  이 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μΆ•μ°¨ λ™νƒœ μΌλ°˜κ· ν˜• λͺ¨ν˜•μ— μ μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œν”„νŠΈ 링크(Soft-linked)방식을 μ μš©ν•΄ μ „κΈ°μ°¨ ν™•μ‚°μ˜ νŒŒκΈ‰νš¨κ³Όλ₯Ό κ³„μ‚°ν–ˆλ‹€. 뢄석결과 μžλ™μ°¨ μ‚°μ—… 투자 ν™•λŒ€μ™€ 전원ꡬ성 κ°œμ„  없이 μ „κΈ°μ°¨κ°€ ν™•μ‚°ν•  경우 κ·Έ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ 경제 뢀정적일 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰ λ˜ν•œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ν–₯ν›„ μ „κΈ°μ°¨ 확산이 κ΅­λ‚΄ κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯κ³Ό ν™˜κ²½μ— 긍정적인 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” ν™•μ‚°μˆ˜μ€€μ— μƒμ‘ν•˜λŠ” μžλ™μ°¨ μ‚°μ—…μ˜ 투자 μ¦λŒ€μ™€ μΉœν™˜κ²½μ  전원ꡬ성 λ³€ν™”κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, κ΅­λ‚΄ 싀정에 λ§žλŠ” μž₯기적인 μ „κΈ°μ°¨ μ‚°μ—… μœ‘μ„±κ³„νšμ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ „κΈ°μ°¨ κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚°μ—…μ˜ 고용 및 μ„±μž₯을 κ³ λ €ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ 있으며 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 그것이 ν™˜κ²½μ μœΌλ‘œ 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œμ§€λ₯Ό κ²€ν† ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀.제 1 μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제 1 절 λ°°κ²½ 및 λͺ©μ  1 제 2 절 λŒ€μƒ 및 λ²”μœ„ 4 제 3 절 방법 및 연ꡬ흐름 6 제 2 μž₯ 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 및 선행연ꡬ κ³ μ°° 8 제 1 절 지속가λŠ₯ν•œ ꡐ톡정책과 μš΄μ†‘μˆ˜λ‹¨ 8 제 2 절 선행연ꡬ κ³ μ°° 14 1. ν™˜κ²½μ  영ν–₯ 14 2. 경제적 영ν–₯ 16 3. 선행연ꡬ와 차별성 18 제 3 μž₯ 전기차와 μžλ™μ°¨ μ‚°μ—… 20 제 1 절 μžλ™μ°¨ μ‚°μ—… ν˜„ν™© 20 제 2 절 전기차와 μžλ™μ°¨ μ‚°μ—…μ˜ λ³€ν™” 23 제 4 μž₯ μ „κΈ°μ°¨ ν™•μ‚° μΆ”μ • 31 제 1 절 ν™•μ‚°λͺ¨ν˜• 31 제 2 절 μ „κΈ°μ°¨ νŒλ§€λŸ‰ 및 μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μˆ˜μš” λ³€ν™” μΆ”μ • 33 제 5 μž₯ 경제 및 ν™˜κ²½ νŒŒκΈ‰νš¨κ³Ό 뢄석 40 제 1 절 μ—°μ‚°μΌλ°˜κ· ν˜•λͺ¨ν˜• 40 1. μ—°μ‚°μΌλ°˜κ· ν˜•λͺ¨ν˜• κ°œμš” 40 2. ORANI λͺ¨ν˜• 42 3. ORANI λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ ꡬ쑰 44 4. μΆ•μ°¨ λ™νƒœ μ—°μ‚°μΌλ°˜κ· ν˜• λͺ¨ν˜• 53 제 2 절 경제 및 μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ νλ¦„ν‘œ ꡬ좕 58 1. ORANI-G λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ 경제 νλ¦„ν‘œ κ°œλ… 58 2. λΆ€λ¬Έ μž¬λΆ„λ₯˜ 60 3. μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ›λ³„ 산업별 μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ 인벀토리 ꡬ좕 66 4. μžλ³ΈμΆ•μ  자료 70 5. νŒŒλΌλ―Έν„°(Parameter) 72 제 3 절 μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€ ꡬ성 및 κ²°κ³Ό 73 1. ν΄λ‘œμ €(Closure) 74 2. μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€ ꡬ성 76 3. μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€ κ²°κ³Ό 79 제 4 절 민감도 뢄석 89 제 6 μž₯ κ²°λ‘  92 제 1 절 μš”μ•½ 및 μ‹œμ‚¬μ  92 제 2 절 ν•œκ³„ 및 ν–₯ν›„ 연ꡬ λ°©ν–₯ 94 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 96 뢀둝 100 Abstract 103Maste

    (An) early diagnostic method for diabetic neuropathy using TcpO2

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    생체곡학 ν˜‘λ™κ³Όμ •/석사[ν•œκΈ€]당뇨병은 μœ λ³‘κΈ°κ°„μ΄ 길수둝 각쒅 합병증을 뢈러였고 κ·Έ 쀑 κ°€μž₯ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 합병증 μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ 당뇨병성 쑱뢀병변이닀. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 당뇨병성 μ‘±λΆ€λ³‘λ³€μ˜ 병인은 신경병증이 80~90%둜 κ°€μž₯ 높은 λΉ„μœ¨μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•œλ‹€. 당뇨병성 신경병증은 당뇨병성 신증, 당뇨병성 망막병증과 ν•¨κ»˜ λ‹Ήλ‡¨λ³‘μ˜ κ°€μž₯ ν”ν•œ ν•©λ³‘μ¦μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ μž„μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” 신경전도검사(nerve conduction velocity: NCV)λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ—¬ μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 유무λ₯Ό μ§„λ‹¨ν•œλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‹ κ²½μ „λ„κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” 피뢀에 μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΅œλŒ€ 100γŽƒμ˜ μ „κΈ°μžκ·Ήμ„ κ°€ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ ν”Όκ²€μžκ°€ λ†€λΌκ±°λ‚˜ 고톡을 ν˜Έμ†Œν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§Žλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ 고톡을 μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λ©°, 신경병증을 νŒλ³„ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 검사방법이 μš”κ΅¬λ˜μ–΄μ™”λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” TcpO2λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λΉ„κ΄€ν˜ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ 신경병증이 μžˆλŠ” κ·Έλ£Ήκ³Ό μ •μƒμΈμ˜ κ·Έλ£Ήκ°„μ˜ TcpO2와 SpO2의 차이λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ , TcpO2와 SpO2κ°€ μ–΄λ– ν•œ 관계인지 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ TcpO2 츑정방법을 신경병증을 μ‘°κΈ° 진단할 수 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μΈ‘μ • λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.정상인 50λͺ…κ³Ό NCVλ₯Ό 톡해 신경병증이라고 확진 받은 당뇨병 ν™˜μž 50λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 νŒŒλΌλ―Έν„°λŠ” TcpO2, TcpCO2, SpO2μ΄μ˜€μœΌλ©°, TcpO2 및 TcpCo2 μΈ‘μ •κΈ°λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ TcpO2, TcpCO2λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, PPG (photoplethysmography) 혈λ₯˜λŸ‰ μΈ‘μ •κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ SpO2λ₯Ό κ³„μ‚°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 츑정은 SpO2λŠ” μ–‘μͺ½ 검지와 μ—„μ§€λ°œκ°€λ½μ— λ¬Όλ € 1회 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬, TcpO2및 TcpCO2λŠ” 였λ₯Έμͺ½ 손과 였λ₯Έμͺ½ λ°œμ— λΆ€μ°©ν•˜μ—¬ 1회 각 15λΆ„ μ”© μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.μΈ‘μ •κ²°κ³Ό TcpO2λŠ” 정상인과 당뇨병성 신경병증 ν™˜μž κ·Έλ£Ή 간에 손과 λ°œμ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘ ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이가 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€(p0.05), μ™Όμͺ½κ³Ό 였λ₯Έμͺ½ μ—„μ§€λ°œκ°€λ½μ—μ„œλŠ” SpO2의 값이 정상인과 당뇨병성 신경병증 ν™˜μž 간에 ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이가 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€(p<0.01). SpO2와 TcpO2μ™€μ˜ μƒκ΄€κ΄€κ³„λŠ”, μ†κ°€λ½μ˜ SpO2와 μ†μ˜ TcpO2λŠ” 상관관계가 0.400(p<0.01), λ°œκ°€λ½μ˜ SpO2와 발의 TcpO2λŠ” 0.471(p<0.01)둜 ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 상관관계λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 정상인과 당뇨병성 신경병증 ν™˜μž κ·Έλ£Ή 간에 손과 발의 TcpO2방법을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ μ§„λ‹¨μœ¨μ€ λ―Όκ°λ„λŠ” 66%, νŠΉμ΄λ„λŠ” 92%둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ³Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ TcpO2λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 방법이 μ‹ κ²½λ³‘μ¦μ˜ 유무λ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆλŠ” 사전검사 λ„κ΅¬λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•  수 있으며, λΉ„κ΄€ν˜ˆμ (non-invasive)μ΄μ–΄μ„œ ν”Όκ²€μžμ—κ²Œ μ „ν˜€ 고톡을 주지 μ•ŠμœΌλ―€λ‘œ ν”Όκ²€μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 편의λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ν˜ˆκ΄€ 폐색과 신경병증은 μ–΄λŠ 정도 μ§„ν–‰λœ 후에 λ°œκ²¬λ˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§Žμ€λ°, 주기적인 TcpO2 검사λ₯Ό 톡해 ν˜ˆκ΄€νμƒ‰κ³Ό 신경병증 유발이 λ˜λŠ” μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό 쑰기에 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄ λ‹Ήλ‡¨λ³‘μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν˜ˆκ΄€νμƒ‰κ³Ό 신경병증을 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μš©ν•œ 방법이 될 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ£Œλœλ‹€. [영문]Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common diabetes related complications including diabetic nephropathy and retinopahty. In clinical practices, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) has been widely used as a standard method for diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. However, it applies maximum current of 100γŽƒ to nerves causing stress and pain to patients.In this study, as a non-invasive method, TcpO2 was utilized to investigate the difference and relationship between TcpO2 and SpO2 of normal subject and patients with diabetic neuropathy.In addition, a new method of diagnosing diabetic neuropathy using TcpO2 is suggested. 50 normal subjects and 50 diabetic patients with neuropathy diagnosed by NCV participated in this study.Parameters used in this study were TcpO2, TcpCO2, and SpO2. Statistical significances were found from TcpO2 of hands and feet from normal and patient groups(p0.05). On the other hand, SpO2 measured from great toes of normal and patient groups showed statistical significance (p<0.01). Correlation coefficient between SpO2 of finger and TcpO2 of hand was 0.400 (p<0.01) and SpO2 of toe and TcpO2 of foot was 0.471 (p<0.01). Both correlation values were statistically significant. Sensitivities and specificities of the TcpO2 method were found to be 66 % and 92 %, respectively.This study suggests that TcpO2 method is a possibility for early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.ope

    μž‘κ²¬μ—μ„œ 뢀피바케인 μ£Όμž…μ— μ˜ν•œ μ‹¬λ°•μΆœλŸ‰ κ°μ†Œμ˜ μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ§€ν‘œμ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜ν•™κ³Ό λ§ˆμ·¨κ³Όν•™μ „κ³΅,2002.Maste

    The effect of insulin-glucose-potassium pretreatment on the hemodynamics during bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜ν•™κ³Ό λ§ˆμ·¨κ³Όν•™ 전곡,2007.Docto

    (A)study on the negative resistance characteristics in Metal-Insulator-Metal diode

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ „κΈ°. 컴퓨터곡학뢀, 2009.2.Maste

    Design and implementation of U-Clinic based on EMR for U-Healthcare

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :전기곡학뢀,2008.2.Docto

    닀쀑 μ…€ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ CDMAPRMA μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ μ„±λŠ₯ ν–₯상

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ „κΈ°.컴퓨터곡학뢀,2001.Maste

    Ras μœ μ „μžκ°€ λ„μž…λœ μΈμ²΄μœ λ°©μƒν”Όμ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ μΉœμ „μžμ„± Deguelin μœ λ„μ²΄μ˜ STAT3 ν™œμ„±ν™” μ–΅μ œμ— μ˜ν•œ μžμ‹μž‘μš©μœ λ„

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ•½ν•™κ³Ό, 2015. 2. μ„œμ˜μ€€.Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), a member of the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway, is a transcription factor that plays important roles in many aspects of cancer aggressiveness including migration, invasion, survival, self-renewal, angiogenesis, and tumor cell immune evasion by regulating the expression of multiple downstream target genes. In the previous study, a series of analogues of deguelin, a natural rotenoid present in several plants, were synthesised to develop novel STAT3 inhibitors. Among them, an electrophilic analogue SH48 bearing an Ξ±,Ξ²-unsaturated carbonyl group was found to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. In this study, I confirmed the direct binding of SH48 to the STAT3 C328, C367 and C687 residues by mass spectrometric analysis. Then, I investigated the mode of SH48-induced MCF10A-RAS cell death with special focus on autophagy. p62 and STAT3 interact each other, which may facilitate the degradation of p62. SH48 inhibits interaction between p62 and STAT3, thereby maintaining the stability of p62 in MCF10A-RAS cells. In conclusion, the deguelin analogue SH48 inhibits STAT3 signaling by direct interaction with the C328, C367 and C687 residues of STAT3.TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................... I Table of Contents ................................................................................................. III List of Abbreviation ............................................................................................. IV List of Figures ..................................................................................................... VII Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Materials and Methods .......................................................................................... 6 Results ................................................................................................................... 10 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 26 References ............................................................................................................. 32 Abstract in Korean .............................................................................................. 38Maste

    열린좩남 75호-[νŠΉμ§‘3] μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν•œ κ΅ν†΅μš΄μ˜ μ •μ±…

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    μ•ŒνŒŒκ³ μ˜ λ“±μž₯이 우리λ₯Ό λ†€λΌκ²Œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ‚¬λžŒλ³΄λ‹€ 더 μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν•˜κ²Œ νŒλ‹¨ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ” μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ 기술의 λ“±μž₯이 우리λ₯Ό ν₯미둭게 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§Žμ€ μ˜ˆμ‚°μ„ 인곡지λŠ₯(Artificial IntelligenceAI) κ΄€λ ¨ 산업에 ν–₯ν›„ λ‹€ λ…„ κ°„ νˆ¬μž…ν•˜κ² λ‹€λŠ” μ •λΆ€μ˜ 선언이 λ°œν‘œλ˜λŠ” λ“±, AI에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  관심도 λ†’μ•„μ‘Œλ‹€. 미래의 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 관심은 이미 우리 μƒν™œμ— λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°λŒ€λ‘œ λ³€ν™”ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. -이후 μƒλž΅-슀마트 κ΅ν†΅μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό ν’ˆμ€ 슀마트 κ΅ν†΅μš΄μ˜ μ •μ±… -좩청남도 ꡐ톡체계 여건 -무선톡신 ν™˜κ²½ ν΄λΌμš°λ”© BISμ„Όν„° -μ§€λ°©λ„λ‘œ μ‹ ν˜Έκ΅μ°¨λ‘œμš΄μ˜ -마치

    μ „μΉ˜λΆ€ λ°˜λŒ€κ΅ν•©μ•„λ™μ˜ 발음μž₯애에 κ΄€ν•œ 음ν–₯학적 연ꡬ

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    It has widely known for speech problem in patients with malocclusion, but there have been insufficient studies on degrees of severity. Patients with openbite and Cl III malocclusion usually have speech problem. It has widely known that fricative /s/is pronunciated most abnormally in Cl III malocclusion than any other consonant. Therefore 20 children with anterior crossbite were selected for study groups and 40 children with normal anterior occlusion were selected for control group. 7 sounds such as / 사(sa), μ„œ(), μ†Œ(so), 수(su), 슀(), μ‹œ(si), μ„Έ(se) / were recorded, and the formants and formants ratios were measured by using Sensimetric Speech Station, which is speech analyzing program in IBM PC. The results were as follows : 1. In anterior crossbite group, F1 of all 7 sounds were significantly higher than normal anterior relationship group(p0.05). 3. In anterior crossbite group, F2/F1 ratio of all 7 sounds were significantly smaller than normal anterior relationship group(p0.05)
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