149 research outputs found

    ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ง๋ง‰๋ณ‘์ฆ์—์„œ ๋ฒ”๋ง๋ง‰๊ด‘์‘๊ณ ์ˆ  ์‹œํ–‰ ์‹œ Ginkgo Biloba Extract๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ง‰์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ง๋ง‰๋ณ‘์ฆ์—์„œ ๋ฒ”๋ง๋ง‰๊ด‘์‘๊ณ ์ˆ  ์‹œํ–‰ ์‹œ Ginkgo Biloba Extract๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ง‰์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋น„์ฆ์‹๋‹น๋‡จ๋ง๋ง‰๋ณ‘์ฆ๊ณผ ์ฆ์‹๋‹น๋‡จ๋ง๋ง‰๋ณ‘์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋ฒ”๋ง๋ง‰๊ด‘์‘๊ณ ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ Ginkgo Biloba Extract(Ginexin-F(R))๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋ณต์šฉ์ค‘์ธ 9๋ช…์˜ 16์•ˆ(์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ)๊ณผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” 7๋ช…์˜ 13์•ˆ(๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น›๊ฐ„์„ญ๋‹จ์ธต์ดฌ์˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋œ ๋ง๋ง‰์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ 3๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ง๋ง‰์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง๋ง‰์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง๋ง‰์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ง๋ง‰์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, Ginkgo Biloba Extract(Ginexin-F(R))๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ GBE์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.ope

    Placental Transmogrification of the Lung

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    Placental transmogrification is a very rare lung disease, where the alveoli resemble the chorionic villi of placenta, and this change is a characteristic finding. A 31-year-old female patient presented with cough and dyspnea that had begun 2 weeks prior to admission. Along with giant bulla found in the left upper lung field, subsegmental consolidation was also identified in the lingular segment on plain chest radiograph and CT scan. Wedge resection was performed to remove the bulla. Pathologic examination of the resected bulla revealed destruction of the normal structures and characteristic villous and papillary changes. These changes led to a diagnosis of placental transmogrification. We made an encounter of an unusual placental transmogrification which had different image findings from other reported transmogrification cases. Thus, we report an atypical placental transmogrification case where both consolidation and giant bulla coexist.ope

    A Design for RFID Tag Antenna with Insensitive Chip impedance Variation

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    Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) of objects has become very popular in logistics, inventory management and bio-engineering applications. To meet the need of the market, there has been intense research on RFID tag antennas in the UHF band, especially at 900ใŽ’ because propagation characteristics for middle to long range wireless links are favorable at this frequency. Data transfer of passive RFID systems at UHF frequencies is based on backscattering. A tag antenna reflects back a part of the energy received from a reader. In that process, the reflected energy is modulated by the microchip of the tag. The chip impedances vary from company to company. The resistance is usually in the range of 3-80(ฮฉ ) and the reactance, in the range of -270 to -80(ฮฉ ). A good tag antenna structure must be conjugate matched to specific chip impedance with a simple adjustment of its dimensions and its impedance bandwidth has to be broad enough. Most of the developed tag antennas are a dipole shape or its similar ones. The mechanism of re-radiation from a dipole-shaped tag is well known [3]. However, its disadvantage is that the impedance bandwidth is narrow. Besides, the resistance and reactance cannot be controlled separately. So, we must develop insensitive tag for variation of chip impedance. This thesis describes of printed dipole antenna for RFID tag and evaluates performance characteristics by material surface environments sticked RFID tag with printed dipole antennas. Designed antenna that generally using RFID tag a printed dipole antenna designed by FR4 substance. This antenna is assumed that it is sticked some products such as metal plate, dielectric material and ferrite material. It is evaluated performance of antenna characteristics as received signal value, radiation pattern and gain. When backside plane is metal, we confirmed that antenna performance is varied by backside plane. Moreover, This thesis describes development of insensitive RFID tag independent about variation of chip impedance. Designed tag antenna is operated at 900 MHz bands, and its performance is maintained although reactance of the chip is changed. If chip reactance changes from ?j80 to -j270 ohm, this tag takes -10 dB bandwidth in 900 MHz bands. Moreover we confirmed that this tag antenna has ability to use commercial chip model.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  = 1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ = 1 1.1.1 RFID ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ = 2 1.1.2 RFID ํƒœ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  = 4 1.1.3 ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์ •ํ•ฉ = 6 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  = 8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ RFID ํƒœ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ๋ฉด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ = 10 2.1 Printed ๋‹ค์ดํด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ = 11 2.2 ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ๋งค์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” = 13 2.2.1 ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ํฌ๊ธฐ = 13 2.2.2 ๋„์ฒด์™€ ์ž์„ฑ์ฒด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ = 22 2.3 Summary = 26 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์นฉ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋‘”๊ฐํ•œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ = 27 3.1 ์„œ๋ก  = 27 3.2 ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ = 28 3.3 ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋‘”๊ฐํ•œ RFID ํƒœ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ = 30 3.3.1 ์นฉ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒœ๊ทธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ = 31 3.3.2 ์ƒ์šฉ ์นฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํƒœ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ = 36 3.4 ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ = 38 3.4.1 ์ธก์ • ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ = 38 3.4.2 ํƒœ๊ทธ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • = 39 3.4.3 RCS ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต = 42 3.5 Summary = 44 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  = 45 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ = 4

    Delayed phase computed tomography angiography ASPECTS predicts clinical outcome and final infarct volume

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    Background and purpose: Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and assessment of collateral flow with multiphase computed tomography angiography (CTA) have been investigated as predictors of clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This study assessed the value of multiphase CTA ASPECTS in predicting final infarction core and clinical outcome in patients undergoing endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive patients who underwent multiphase CTA prior to endovascular treatment of acute stroke due to anterior circulation large artery occlusion. Multiphase CTA and final diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) scans were evaluated by two independent observers for NCCT ASPECTS, acute phase CTA (CTA-AP) ASPECTS, delayed phase CTA (CTA-DP) ASPECTS, and final DWI ASPECTS. Modified Rankin Scale score โ‰ค2 at 3 months was considered a favorable outcome. Results: A total of 74 patients were analyzed. We found that CTA-DP ASPECTS (r = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.91; p < 0.001) correlated with final DWI ASPECTS better than NCCT ASPECTS (r = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.39-0.59) and CTA-AP ASPECTS (r = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.64-0.78). Interobserver agreement was higher for CTA-DP ASPECTS (k = 0.84). Good CTA-DP ASPECTS was an independent predictor of favorable outcome (odds ratio, 8.71; 95% CI, 3.71-17.3; p < 0.001). Conclusion: CTA-DP ASPECTS is a reliable predictor of final infarction core and neurological outcome.ope

    The Effect of Gender and National Health Insurance Type on Unmet Health Care Needs among Low-income Adults in South Korea

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ฝ.์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ „ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์–ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ•„์š” ๋ฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋งŒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์„ฑ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์†์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํญ๋„“์€ ์กฐ๋ง์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ €์†Œ๋“ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์†Œ๋“๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋Œ๋ด„ ์—ญํ•  ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์œ ํ˜•์— ์†ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ•„์š” ๋ฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜๋ฃŒํŒจ๋„ 2017๋…„๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„, ์นด์ด์ œ๊ณฑ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์š” ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์œ ํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง์žฅ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž, ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธ‰์—ฌ 1์ข…๊ณผ 2์ข…, ์ฐจ์ƒ์œ„๊ฒฝ๊ฐ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(OR=1.23), ์ง์žฅ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž(OR=1.36), ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธ‰์—ฌ 1์ข… ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ž(OR=1.33)์™€ ์ฐจ์ƒ์œ„๊ฒฝ๊ฐ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž(OR=1.64)๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ €์†Œ๋“ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ง์žฅ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜(OR=1.55), ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€ 0.1์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์†Œ๋“ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ์จ, ์ €์†Œ๋“ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Regardless of socioeconomic location, the right to use health and medical services has been accepted as one of the basic rights of the people. The government established institutional mechanisms for people to access the appropriate medical services when necessary. South Korea has increased accessibility to health care services due to the implementation of national health insurance. Meanwhile, there was a lack of discussion on the need and accessibility of health care services between genders. It is a well-known fact that gender is not only a major determinant of health in itself but also has an independent effect on access to health care services. The previous studies have focused on described differences in health and medical use between men and women, but a broad view of the loss of health capacity due to gender inequality and discrimination is necessary. In particular, low-income women may have poor access to health care service by conducting multiple roles such as caring roles along with the unstable working conditions with low incomes. Therefore, this study attempted to determine whether there is a difference in unmet health care needs by gender and national health insurance type. Then, it examined if this difference differs according to gender. This study makes an assumption that even though low-income adults belong to the same type of national health insurance so they have identical economic accessibility, their unmet health care needs will differ by gender. 2017 Korea Medical Panel data was used for this analysis. Frequency analysis, chi-square analysis, and logistic regression were performed to analyze the unmet health care needs of low-income individuals by gender and type of national health insurance, and logistic regression was performed by stratified gender. The dependent variable is the experience of unmet health care needs and the independent variables are gender and type of national health insurance. The types of national health insurance were classified to the employee insurees, local subscribers, medical aid type 1 and type2, and lower-income group. The analysis showed significant differences in the occurrence of unmet health care needs in low-income individuals depending on gender and type of national health insurance. Women were more likely to experience unmet health care needs than men (OR=1.23). The local subscribers (OR=1.36), medical aid type 1 benefits recipients (OR=1.33), and the low-income group who receive the exceptional benefit(OR=1.64) are more likely to experience unmet health care needs than employ insurees. In the gender-stratified models, low-income women who are local subscribers were more likely to experience unmet health care needs(OR=1.55), while low-income men, the type of national insurance did not significantly affect the unmet health care needs. This study also evaluated whether gender moderated the association between national health insurance type and unmet health care needs with a multiplicative interaction term (gender*national health insurance type). The multiplicative interaction term was statistically significant. This study investigated the relationship between gender and national health insurance type on unmet health care needs among low-income adults in South Korea. The knowledge generated from such studies will help policymakers to develop appropriate interventions and policies to reduce disparities in health care accessibility for low-income men and women.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ดˆ ๋ก i I. ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  5 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 1. ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ 6 1) ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 2) ์•ค๋”์Šจ๊ณผ ๋‰ด๋จผ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ ๋ชจํ˜• 8 2. ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ 12 1) ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ 12 2) ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 15 3. ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ 19 1) ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์˜์˜ 19 2) ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 19 3) ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณด์žฅ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 23 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ 28 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ 28 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 28 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ๋ชจํ˜• 33 3. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 34 1) ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 34 2) ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 34 3) ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 35 4. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 38 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 41 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 41 2. ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 48 3. ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์˜ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 52 4. ์ €์†Œ๋“ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 55 5. ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ 57 6. ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 60 V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 62 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 62 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์ œํ•œ์  72 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 74 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 81 Abstract 87Maste

    Biomarker detection in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

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    Departement of Dental Science/์„์‚ฌVarious bone biomarkers have been suggested for the risk assessment for osteonecrosis of the jaw, an oral complication associated with bisphosphonate (BP) use; however, no consensus has been established. The aim of this thesis was to investigate a possible biomarker for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in an animal model.Forty eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the two groups; bisphosphonate group (n=36) treated with weekly zoledronic acid injection and control group (n=12) treated with weekly saline injection. After 6 weeks, surgical intervention was performed, and weekly injections were continued up to 8 weeks. Rats in the bisphosphonate group were then further classified to the ONJ group and the non-ONJ group, and biomarkers, including serum CTx, Glu-OC, TRACP 5b, RANKL, and OPG, were assessed at baseline (T0), at surgical intervention (T1; 8 weeks) and at sacrifice (T2; 14 weeks). Histomorphometric analysis for quantification of osteoclasts was performed.TRACP 5b levels and the RANKL/OPG ratio were significantly decreased over time in the ONJ group compared to the non-ONJ group (P < 0.05). At T2, the area under the curve was 0.807 for TRACP 5b (sensitivity: 88.9%, specificity 66.7% at cutoff) and 0.765 for the RANKL/OPG ratio (sensitivity: 77.8%, specificity 62.9% at cutoff). TRACP 5b showed a lower least significant change (LSC; 29.6%) with lower intra-assay coefficient variability (CV; 6.32%) and inter-assay CV (11.20%) compared to those of the RANKL/OPG ratio (39.27%) and showed a higher signal-to-noise ratio (2.76) than that of the RANKL/OPG ratio (1.62). Moreover, N.Oc/T.Ar and N.Oc/B.Ar demonstrated significantly decreased number of osteoclasts in ONJ group versus non-ONJ group. (P < 0.05)These results demonstrated that serum TRACP 5b and the RANKL/OPG ratio were possible biomarkers for BRONJ. These data may provide useful additional information for future ONJ research. Further studies are needed to validate these results in humans with ONJ.ope

    Cognitive Process Model for Construction Safety Management using System Dynamics

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ์ดํ˜„์ˆ˜.๊ฑด์„ค์žฌํ•ด์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์ง€(์ •์‹ )๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž ์ธ์ง€๊ณผ์ •๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ณผ์ •๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•Œ๋งž์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‹ค์ด๋‚ด๋ฏน์Šค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ธ์ง€๊ณผ์ •๋ชจ๋ธ์€ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ”„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฃจํ”„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฌด ์žฌํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์Šต๊ด€ํ™” ๋ฃจํ”„(R1)๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ „๊ฒฝํ—˜์Šต๋“ ๋ฃจํ”„(B1)๋Š” ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ง€์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ธ์‹ ์‹คํŒจ ๋ฃจํ”„(B2)๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ธ์‹ ์‹คํŒจ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ „ ์ง€์‹์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‹ ์ž… ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ™๋ จ ์ž‘์—…์ž๋„ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ธ์‹์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒœ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฃจํ”„(B3)๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค ์žฌํ•ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž‘์—…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค, ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ธ์‹ ํ•˜์˜€๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ธ์ง€๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ํƒœ๋„์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์„ฑ์ ์ธ SD๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ถ„์„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1) ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ์•ˆ์ „๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2) ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ธ์‹๋ฅ ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒœ๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3) ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ผ์„  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 4) ํ˜„์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํŽธํ–ฅ๋œ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „ํƒœ๋„๋‚˜ ์–•์€ ์•ˆ์ „์ง€์‹์„ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์„œ์ˆ  ๋˜์—ˆ๋“ฏ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ธ์‹ ํ•˜์˜€๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ํƒœ๋„์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Finding causes of workers unsafe behaviors is important to prevent construction accidents because 80 percent of accidents occur by workers unsafe behaviors. In this regard, this research aims to investigate possible reasons of workers unsafe behaviors based on workers cognitive process model using System dynamics. This study is based on two ways of workers cognitive process which are in relation to hazard perception and failure of hazard perception. Based on existing literature, causal loops for workers cognitive process are developed to explain workers habituation by staying out of accidents, safety learning by experience, failure of hazard perception, and attitude change by accidents. The interactions between the developed loops provide managerial insights to reduce workers unsafe behaviors from a safety managers perspective including increasing the probability of workers hazard perception through knowledge management, maintaining workers positive attitude toward safety, and controlling first-line supervisors to eliminate workers unsafe behavior. The research allows us to better understand the causes and solutions of workers unsafe behaviors in workers cognitive perspectives.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background and Objectives 1 1.2 Research Process and Assumptions 5 Chapter 2. Preliminary Study 7 2.1 Different Perspectives on Workers Safety Management 7 2.2 Unsafe Behaviors 10 2.3 Privious Cognitive Process Models 12 2.4 Hazard Identification 15 2.5 System Dynamics 18 2.6 Summary 20 Chapter 3. Cognitive Process Model Development 21 3.1 Cognitive Process Model Concept 21 3.2 Factors Identification 23 3.3 Partial Loops of Cognitive Process Model 27 3.3.1 Habituation by Staying out of Accidents 27 3.3.2 Safety Learning by Experience (with perception) 29 3.3.3 Failure of Hazard Perception 31 3.3.4 Attitude Change by Accidents 33 3.4 Cognitive Process Model of Unsafe Behaviors 35 3.5 Cognitive Process Validation 37 3.6 Summary 38 Chapter 4. Managerial Implications for Safety of Workers 39 4.1 Safety Management and Workers Cognition Process 39 4.2 Effect on Human-based Safety Management 42 4.3 Effect on Environment-based Safety Management 43 4.4 Application Period of Safety Management Strategies 44 4.5 Summary 47 Chapter 5. Conclusions 48 5.1 Results and Discussions 48 5.2 Contributions 50 5.3 Further Study 51 Abstract (Korean) 60Maste

    ๋ถ€๋ฃจ์…€๋ผ ์ฒ™์ถ” ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์˜์ƒ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ : 1์˜ˆ ๋ณด๊ณ 

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    Brucellosis is a systemic infectious disease, and musculoskeletal involvement is a frequent complication. Particularly, spondylitis is a common involvement. However, early diagnosis of brucellar spondylitis is often difficult due to non-specific clinical symptoms and long latent period. Especially in Korea, where tuberculosis is an endemic disease, differentiation between tuberculous and brucellar spondylitis is clinically and radiologically more challenging. A 59-year-old male cattle farmer, who presented with non-specific back pain, had spondylitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and serologic test finally confirmed brucellar spondylitis. Therefore, we report a case of a rather rare disease in Korea, brucellar spondylitis with a review of MRI findings.ope

    ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš(Schemes of Arrangement)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ๋…ธํ˜์ค€.์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์˜๊ตญ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์ œ๋„์ธ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš(Schemes of Arrangement)์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1862๋…„ ์˜๊ตญํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•(Companies Act 1862)์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๋กœ ์ œ์ •๋œ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๋‹น์ดˆ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ํ•ด์‚ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ(voluntary winding-up)์—์„œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ • ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์œจ์  ์ œ๋„๋กœ ํƒ„์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ํ›„ 2006๋…„์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ฐœ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ด์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ๋œ ์ ์šฉ๋ฒ” ์œ„์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšŒ์‚ฌยท์ฃผ์ฃผ ๊ฐ„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜๋ฌด ์กฐ ์ •์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ†ต ํ•ด ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์นจํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ์˜๊ฒฐ์š”๊ฑด๋งŒ ๊ทœ์œจ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†์–ด์ ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ์ˆ˜, ๋ถ„ํ•  ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง์žฌํŽธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—ด ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ•์ •์ œ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜๊ฒฐ์ •์กฑ์ˆ˜, ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ œ์  ๊ตฌ์†๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์ด ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ ๊ณ  ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ›„์  ๋ถ„์Ÿ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์„ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2000๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ ๊ทธ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์žฌํŽธ์ด ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์— ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ์กฐ์ง์žฌํŽธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ƒ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ ์šฉ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†์–ด ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ •ํ•ด๋†“์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์žฌํŽธ์ด๋ผ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฃผ์ฃผ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž ๋“ฑ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž ๊ฐ„์— ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์Šน์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง์žฌํŽธ์˜ ์ ๋ฒ•์„ฑ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ฉ ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ณ„์˜ ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์ „์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๊ทœ์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์žฌํŽธ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌํ›„์  ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„ ์šธ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ ์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œ๋„์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ ํƒ์  ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ํŠน ์ง•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 2 ์ œ2์žฅ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš ์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ฐํ˜๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ 5 1. ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 5 ๊ฐ€. ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 5 ๋‚˜. ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 6 1) ํŠน์ง• : ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋งŒ ๊ทœ์ • 6 2) ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๊ทœ์ • ์š”์ง€ 6 3) ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ ๊ทœ์ • 8 ๋‹ค. ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 9 2. ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์›๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์—ฐํ˜ 10 ๊ฐ€. ์ตœ์ดˆ ์ž…๋ฒ• ํ˜•ํƒœ 10 ๋‚˜. 1870๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์ฃผ์‹ํšŒ์‚ฌํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๋ฒ• : ๋ฒ•์› ์Šน์ธ ์š”๊ฑด, ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ๊ตฌ์†๋ ฅ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์˜๊ฒฐ์š”๊ฑด ์™„ํ™” 11 ๋‹ค. 1900๋…„ ์˜๊ตญํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • : ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํ™• ๋Œ€ 11 ๋ผ. ๋ฒ•๋ น ์ •๋น„ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 13 3. ์ œ๋„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 14 ๊ฐ€. ์ œ๋„์˜ ์žฅ์  14 1) ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ 14 2) ์ ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ 15 3) ์ข…๊ตญ์„ฑ 16 ๋‚˜. ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ณด์™„ 17 1) ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์นจํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ 17 2) ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ทน๋ณต 19 ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ 20 ์ œ3์žฅ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์Ÿ์  21 1. ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ž‘์„ฑ 21 ๊ฐ€. ์ž‘์„ฑ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ 'ํƒ€ํ˜‘' ๋ฐ 'ํ•ฉ์˜'์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 22 1) ๋ฌธ์ œ์  23 2) ํ•ด์„๋ก ์ƒ ์˜๋ฏธ 23 3) ํŒ๋ก€์ƒ ํ•„์š” ์š”๊ฑด 24 4) ํŒ๋ก€์™€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 24 ๋‚˜. ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ 'ํšŒ์‚ฌ'์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 26 1) ๋ฌธ์ œ์  26 2) ์™ธ๊ตญ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ 27 3) ํŒ๋ก€์™€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 28 4) ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ : ๋น„๋ฒ•์ธ์‚ฌ๋‹จ 32 ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ '์ฃผ์ฃผ'์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 33 ๋ผ. ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ '์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž'์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 34 1) ๋ฌธ์ œ์  34 2) ์šฐ๋ฐœ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์ธ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„ 35 3) ์ˆ˜์ต์  ์†Œ์œ ์ž์˜ ์ธ์ • ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 36 4) ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ 37 ๋งˆ. ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ : ์ œ3์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜๋ฌด ๋ณ€๋™์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  39 1) ๋ฌธ์ œ์  39 2) ํŒ๋ก€ 40 2. ๋ฒ•์›์˜ 1์ฐจ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 43 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฒ•์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํšŒ์†Œ์ง‘ ์‹ ์ฒญ 44 1) ๋ฌธ์ œ์  45 2) ํŒ๋ก€ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 45 ๋‚˜. ๋ฒ•์›์˜ 1์ฐจ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ 46 1) ๊ฐœ์š” 47 2) ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ยทํ˜•์‹์  ์š”๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 47 ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํš์„ค๋ช…์„œ ํ†ต์ง€ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ณ  48 1) ์˜๋ฌด์  ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ์ง„์‹ค์„ฑ ๋‹ด๋ณด 48 2) ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์žฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 49 3) ์ ์ •์„ฑ ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 50 ๋ผ. ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์ ˆ์ฐจ : ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 51 1) ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ 51 2) ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋„์ž…์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ 52 3) ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋„์ž…์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ํšจ๊ณผ 53 3. ์ดํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ตœ ๋ฐ ์˜๊ฒฐ 54 ๊ฐ€. ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„ ์ดํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ตœ 55 1) ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž์˜ ํŠน์ • : ๋ฒ•์  ์†Œ์œ ์ž์™€ ์ˆ˜์ต์  ์†Œ์œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 56 2) ์ดํšŒ์†Œ์ง‘ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ : ํŠน์ • ์ฃผ์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ œ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 57 3) ์ฐธ์„๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 62 ๋‚˜. ์ดํšŒ ์˜๊ฒฐ์ •์กฑ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 63 1) ๊ฒฐ์˜๊ถŒ 75% ์ถฉ์กฑ 63 2) ๊ฒฐ์˜๊ถŒ์ž ์ˆ˜ 50% ์ถฉ์กฑ 64 4. ๋ฒ•์› ์Šน์ธ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ›„์† ์ ˆ์ฐจ 65 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฒ•์› ์Šน์ธ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ(court sanction) 65 1) ๋ฒ•์›์Šน์ธ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋‚ด์šฉ 66 2) ํ˜•์‹์š”๊ฑด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€ : ๊ด€ํ•  ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ์ค€์ˆ˜ 67 3) ์งˆ์  ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€ : ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ํŒ๋‹จ 69 4) ์งˆ์  ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€ : ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ 87 5) ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์Šน์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 88 ๋‚˜. ์ƒ์—…๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์†Œ ์†ก๋‹ฌ 89 1) ํšจ๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์š”๊ฑด 89 2) ํšจ๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ดํ›„ ์ทจ์†Œ ์š”๊ฑด 89 5. ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€ํ†  90 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฒ•์› 1์ฐจ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ : 1์ฐจ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๊ตฌ์†๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 90 ๋‚˜. ์ดํšŒ์˜๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ : ๊ฒฐ์˜๊ถŒ์ž ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 91 ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ•์›์Šน์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ : ์ ˆ์ฐจ ํ•˜์ž์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์ˆ˜์ • ์Šน์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜ 93 ์ œ4์žฅ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 95 1. ํšŒ์‚ฌยท์ฃผ์ฃผ ๊ฐ„ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš 95 ๊ฐ€. ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 96 1) ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš 96 2) ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘ยท๋ถ„ํ•  ๋“ฑ์— ํ™œ์šฉ 100 ๋‚˜. ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋งค์ˆ˜ ์ œ๋„์™€ ๋Œ€์กฐ 103 1) ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ธฐ์•ˆ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์›์ธ 103 2) ์ธ์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๊ด€์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 104 3) ์ฃผ์‹ ์ทจ๋“์˜ ์š”๊ฑด 107 4) ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 108 5) ์‹ค๋ฌด ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ƒ ์ฐจ์ด์  109 6) ์ธ์ˆ˜์ƒํ™ฉ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด์  112 2. ํšŒ์‚ฌยท์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž ๊ฐ„ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš 114 ๊ฐ€. ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 115 1) ์ฑ„๋ฌด์กฐ์ • 115 2) ํšŒ์ƒ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์กฐ์ • 117 3) ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ™œ์šฉ 121 ๋‚˜. ์ฑ„๋ฌด์žํšŒ์ƒ ๋“ฑ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์ œ๋„์™€ ๋น„๊ต 122 1) ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์›Œํฌ์•„์›ƒ(workout) ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋น„๊ต 122 2) ์˜๊ตญ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ• ์ƒ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž์œจํ˜‘์•ฝ(CVAs) ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋น„๊ต 124 3) ์˜๊ตญ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ• ์ƒ ํšŒ์ƒ์ ˆ์ฐจ(administration) ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋น„๊ต 128 ์ œ5์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  132 1. ์กฐ์ง์žฌํŽธ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™” ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 132 ๊ฐ€. ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 132 ๋‚˜. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์žฌํŽธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 132 1) ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์กฐ์ง์žฌํŽธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋„์ž… ๋…ธ๋ ฅ 133 2) ์ธ์ˆ˜ยทํ•ฉ๋ณ‘ยท๋ถ„ํ•  ์‚ฌํ›„๋ฌดํšจ ํŒ์ •์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ 134 2. ์กฐ์ง์žฌํŽธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  134 ๊ฐ€. ๊ธฐ์กด ์ œ๋„ ๋„์ž…๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐœํŽธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ํŠน์ง• 135 ๋‚˜. ์™„ํ™”๋œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ์š”๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ œ๋„์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ 136 1) ์™„ํ™”๋œ ์˜๊ฒฐ ์š”๊ฑด๊ณผ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์กฐํ™” 136 2) ์ œ๋„์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ๋ถ€์—ฌ 137 ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ „์  ํ†ต์ œ ์ œ๋„๋กœ์„œ ๋„์ž…์˜ ์ „์ œ์™€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 137 1) ์‚ฌ์ „์  ํ†ต์ œ์ œ๋„๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ 137 2) ์ „๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์› ๋‚ด์ง€ ์žฌํŒ๋ถ€ ์„ค์น˜ 138 3) ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋น„์†ก์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 138 3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 139 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ์–ด 141 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 143 Abstract 151Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ์ด๊ฒฝ๋ฏธ.The author proposed that consumers would increase their preference for a risky yet profitable portfolio after (vs. before) rendering a series of investment decisions. Engaging in an investment activity, consumers often make several decisions. For example, consumers may have to choose their investment amount, investment duration, and risk exposure. Because making such investment decisions demands mental effort and time, rendering a series of investment decisions is a laborious activity for consumers. As performing such an effortful activity can lead individuals to feel entitled to monetary rewards that match their commitment (Goswami and Urminsky 2016Inzlicht and Schmeichel 2012Inzlicht, Schmeichel, and Macrae 2014Schmeichel, Harmon-Jones, and Harmon-Jones 2010), executing a series of investment decisions may motivate consumers to prefer a portfolio that offers greater investment returns, even when such returns entail greater financial risks. Three experiments (N = 248, 200, and 324) yielded results consistent with the hypothesis. In the experiments, the author induced participants to express their preference for the portfolio after (vs. before) rendering a series of investment decisions by arranging the portfolio decision at the bottom (vs. top) of the screens. To illustrate, participants read a scenario in which they visited a financial institution to open an IRA or an investment fund. Then, participants responded to the items about their investment duration, investment amount, portfolio composition, etc. Since participants usually read the texts on a screen from top to bottom, arranging an item at the bottom (vs. top) of the screen would make participants to reply to the very item after (vs. before) answering the other items. As predicted, participants preferred risky yet lucrative portfolio when the item about investment portfolio was located at the bottom (vs. top) of the screen. This results indicated that participants increased their preference for a risky but profitable portfolio after (vs. before) rendering a series of investment decisions.1. Introduction 1 2. Theoretical Backgrounds 3 2.1. Rendering a Series of Investment Decisions Is an Effortful Activity 5 2.2. Consumers' Desire for Investment Returns May Increase After Rendering a Series of Investment Decisions 7 2.3. Consumers Can Prefer Risky yet Lucrative Portfolio After (vs. Before) Rendering a Series of Investment Decisions 10 3. Study 1 13 3.1. Study 1A: Investment Program 14 3.2. Study 1B: Individual Retirement Saving 17 4. Study 2: The Effect of a Preemptive Information Disclosure 21 5. General Discussions 25 6. References 29 7. Appendix 36 ์š”์•ฝ(๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก) 39Maste
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