30 research outputs found

    ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด์ข…์—ํ”ผํƒ์‹œ ์ œ์–ด

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌยท์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™๋ถ€(๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ๋…ธํƒœ์›.The rotation of oxygen octahedron is a fundamental structural distortion in a group of materials called perovskite oxides. The oxygen octahedral rotation (OOR) allows the perovskite oxides to accommodate a variety of transition metal ions, generating a rich spectrum of correlated electronic phases. In these correlated electron systems, the strong interplay between charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom makes the OOR a decisive factor when investigating the associated physics. Moreover, it implies that the controlled manipulation of the OOR leads to the highly tunable physical properties of the transition metal oxides (TMOs). This dissertation experimentally demonstrates the manipulation of the OOR and the associated physical properties in epitaxial perovskite oxide heterostructures. Artificial heterostructures composed of perovskite oxide have brought about a wide range of emergent phenomena and functionalities. This versatile platform largely originates from the high integrability of the ABO3 perovskite structure which can form a well-defined interface with the other. Since the OOR is a collective motion of three-dimensionally connected octahedron, substantial octahedral connectivity is expected at the oxide interfaces. Here, we exploit the interfacial octahedral connectivity to control the OOR, thus realizing novel ferroelectricity and tunable electronic structures. There can be 23 possible patterns of the OORs, but only a few OOR patterns are predominantly present as bulk crystals. This has restricted the range of possible properties and functions of perovskite oxides, necessitating the utilization of nonequilibrium OOR patterns. we demonstrate that a designed metastable OOR pattern leads to robust room-temperature ferroelectricity in CaTiO3, which is otherwise paraelectric in equilibrium. Based on density functional theory, we surveyed 10 possible nonequilibrium OOR pattern of CaTiO3 and found a metastable OOR pattern which is cooperative with ferroelectricity. We stabilized the target OOR pattern of CaTiO3 using the geometric design of epitaxial heterostructures. Atomic-scale imaging combined with deep neural network analysis confirms a close correlation between the metastable OOR pattern and electric polarization. The attained electric polarization was switchable and stable at room-temperature, demonstrating that manipulation of OOR pattern can create unconventional ferroelectric materials. Despite the tremendous interest on the electronic structures at the oxide interfaces, no direct experimental probe has been made. To manifest how the oxide interfaces modify the electronic structure, we necessitate a proper experimental platform to explore the phenomena. Conceiving that such interfacial effect would has limited length scale, we first search for an atomically thin and electronic TMO heterostructure. In the experimental reports so far, the TMO thin films have become insulating when confined to a single-atomic-layer thickness. This is not only because the electronic phases are intrinsically insulating, but also because of the experimental difficulties of maintaining the metallic phases down to monolayer limit. Combining atomic-scale control of epitaxy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we discovered that the monolayer SrRuO3 is a strongly correlated metal. Our systematic investigation reveals a close correlation between the electronic phase and magnetism. After clarifying the electronic structures of the SrRuO3 films down to monolayer, we experimentally demonstrate the interface control of electronic structure at the TMO heterostructures. We employed insulating buffer layers of BaTiO3, SrTiO3, and CaTiO3 which impose different structural symmetries to the SrRuO3 layers. Above two monolayer thickness, no significant change has been observed in the electronic structures of SrRuO3 films. However, at the two and one monolayer thickness, substantial modification of the electronic structure has been made. In the monolayer limit, the two-dimensional electronic structures have crossover between Fermi-liquid, Hundโ€™s metal, and antiferromagnetic Mott insulators.์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด์˜ ํšŒ์ „์€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ตฐ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „์€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „์ด ๊ธˆ์† ์ด์˜จ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฐ•์ƒ๊ด€ ์ „์ž ์ƒ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—์„œ ์ „ํ•˜, ์Šคํ•€, ๊ถค๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฉ์ž ์ž์œ ๋„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „์˜ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์ด๊ธˆ์†์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์—ํ”ผํƒ์‹œ์–ผ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์ด์ข…๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ธ๊ณต ์ด์ข… ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ž˜ ์ •์˜๋œ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ABOยฌ3 ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘์ ๋„์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „์€ 3์ฐจ์›์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์  ์›€์ง์ž„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๊ณ„๋ฉด ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ•์œ ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „์€ 23 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด ๋งŒ์ด ๋ฉ์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ธŒ์Šค์นด์ดํŠธ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น„ํ‰ํ˜• ์‚ฐํ˜ธ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์ค€ ์•ˆ์ • ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด์ด CaTiO3์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹ค์˜จ ๊ฐ•์œ ์ „์„ฑ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฒ”ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ CaTiO3์˜ 10 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋น„ํ‰ํ˜• ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ์ค‘ ๊ฐ•์œ ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค€ ์•ˆ์ • ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ํ”ผํƒ์‹œ์–ผ ์ด์ข…๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ CaTiO3์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ธต ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์›์ž ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ค€ ์•ˆ์ • ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋ฐœ ๋ถ„๊ทน ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋ฐœ ๋ถ„๊ทน์€ ์ƒ์˜จ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์ „ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํŒ”๋ฉด์ฒด ํšŒ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ•์œ ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ์˜ ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ทœ๋ช…์€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ„๋ฉด ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๋จผ์ € ์ˆ˜ ์›์ž ์ธต ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ์–‡์€ ์ „์ž ์ „์ด ๊ธˆ์† ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์ด์ข… ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋“ค ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ด ๊ธˆ์† ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์›์ž ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ถ€๋„์ฒด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ „์ž ์ƒ์ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋„์ฒด ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋„์ฒด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‹จ์ผ ์›์ž ์ธต ํ•œ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›์ž๋‹จ์œ„ ์ผœ์Œ“๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ด‘ ์ „์ž ๋ถ„๊ด‘๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ผ ์›์ž ์ธต SrRuO3๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์†์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์ž ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ž์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. SrRuO3 ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ธต๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ›„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์ด ๊ธˆ์† ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์ด์ข… ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฉด ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์—ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” SrRuO3 ์ธต์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” BaTiO3, SrTiO3 ๋ฐ CaTiO3์˜ ๋ถ€๋„์ฒด ์™„์ถฉ ์ธต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์›์ž ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜ ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” SrRuO3 ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘๊ฐœ์™€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์›์ž ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜์—์„œ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ธกํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ผ ์›์ž ์ธต ํ•œ๊ณ„์˜ 2 ์ฐจ์› ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ๋Š” Fermi-liquid, incoherent metal ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Mott insulator ์ž”์ž์ƒ์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์กŒ๋‹ค.Abstract Contents List of Figures 1 Introductionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ1 1.1 Octahedral rotation in perovskite oxidesโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ1 1.2 Oxygen octahedral rotation in correlated electron systemsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ2 1.3 Heteroepitaxial manipulation of oxygen octahedral rotationโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ7 2 Fabrication of epitaxial oxide heterostructuresโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ10 2.1 Preparation of perovskite oxide substratesโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ10 2.1.1 atomically flat and singly terminated substrates for constructing epitaxial oxide heterostructuresโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ10 2.1.2 Experimental methodsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ13 2.1.3 Thermal annealingโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ15 2.1.4 Chemical etchingโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ20 2.1.5 Surface termination analysis by ion scattering spectroscopyโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ23 2.1.6 Possible surface structures of LaAlO3 (001) substrates after water leachingโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ26 2.1.7 Fabrication of an abrupt oxide heterointerface on LaAlO3 (001) surfacesโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ28 2.1.8 Other substratesโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ30 2.2 Pulsed laser deposition of epitaxial oxide heterostructuresโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ31 2.2.1 Pulsed laser depositionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ31 2.2.2 Parameters of pulsed laser depositionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ34 2.2.3 Optimization of high-quality perovskite oxide thin filmsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ35 2.3 Summaryโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ37 3 Stabilizing hidden room-temperature ferroelectricity via a metastable atomic distortion patternโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ41 3.1 Backgroundโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ42 3.1.1 Pattern of oxygen octahedral rotation (OOR)โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ42 3.1.2 Ferroelectricityโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ44 3.1.3 Structural coupling between OOR and ferroelectricityโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ45 3.2 Experimental methodsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ46 3.2.1 Growth and characterization of thin filmsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ46 3.2.2 Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM)โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ48 3.2.3 Density functional theory (DFT) calculationโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ48 3.2.4 Second harmonic generation (SHG)โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ49 3.2.5 Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ50 3.3 Results and Discussionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ50 3.3.1 Theoretical survey on nonequilibrium octahedral rotation patternโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ50 3.3.2 Heteroepitaxial stabilization of metastable octahedral rotation patternโ€ฆ53 3.3.3 Atomic-scale visualization of oxygen octahedral rotationโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ56 3.3.4 Switchable and stable polarization at room-temperatureโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ61 3.3.5 Discussionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ64 3.4 Summaryโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ65 4 Demonstration of controllable electronic structures at oxide heterointerfacesโ€ฆ69 4.1 Backgroundโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ70 4.1.1 Emergent phenomena at oxide interfacesโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ70 4.1.2 Metal-insulator transition in ultrathin oxide filmsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ71 4.1.3 Motivationโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ72 4.2 Observation of a metallic single-atomic-layer oxideโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ73 4.2.1 Design of charging-free ultrathin SrRuO3 heterostructuresโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ76 4.2.2 Thickness-dependent electronic structures of ultrathin SrRuO3 filmsโ€ฆ79 4.2.3 Electronic coherency and magnetism in ultrathin SrRuO3 filmsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ82 4.2.4 Interplay between dimensionality, electronic correlation, and magnetismโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ85 4.2.5 Charge modulation of the monolayer SrRuO3โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ86 4.3 Interface control of electronic structures in ultrathin oxide heterostructuresโ€ฆ89 4.3.1 Interface control of octahedral distortionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ89 4.3.2 Crossover between Mott insulator, incoherent metal, and Fermi liquid in the monolayer SrRuO3โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ91 4.4 Summary..โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ93 5 Conclusionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ96 Publication List ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก (Abstract in Korean) ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€ (Acknowledgements)Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 2. ์ดํ•ด์„ฑ.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง€๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ’๋น„์‹ผ ์ธก์ •๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต ํ˜น์€ ์ œ์ž‘ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„์— ๊ฐ•์ฒด์šด๋™์‹๊ณผ ๋ณ€์œ„์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•์ฒด์šด๋™์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ณ€์œ„์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ์˜ ํž˜-๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๋‰ดํ„ด์˜ ์šด๋™ ์ œ 2๋ฒ•์น™์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€์†๋„์™€ ๊ฐ•์ฒด์šด๋™์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์†๋„์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์ž”์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์ฒด์šด๋™์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ณ€์œ„์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ณ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋ณธ์ฒด์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณธ์ฒด์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.1. ์„œ๋ก  1 2. ๊ฐ•์ฒด์šด๋™์‹ ๋ฐ ์šด๋™๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 4 2.1 ๊ฐ•์ฒด ์šด๋™ 4 2.1.1 3์ฐจ์›ํšŒ์ „๋ณ€ํ™˜ 5 2.1.2 1์ฐจ ๊ทผ์‚ฌ๋œ 3์ฐจ์›ํšŒ์ „๋ณ€ํ™˜ 8 2.2 ๊ฐ•์ฒด์šด๋™์‹ 10 2.3 ๊ฐ•์ฒด์šด๋™๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 11 3. ๋ณ€์œ„์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 16 3.1 ์ •๊ทœํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 16 3.1.1 ๊ฐ€์†๋„-๋ณ€์œ„ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๊ด€๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜ 16 3.1.2 ์ •๊ทœํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™”์‹์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ 17 3.2 ์ •๊ทœํ™”๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • 20 3.3 ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” 21 3.4 ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฐฝ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 25 4 ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์ถ”์ •๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 28 4.1 ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์†๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 28 4.1.1 ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์†๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 30 4.1.2 ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์†๋„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 31 4.2 ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 35 5. ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์œ„ ์ถ”์ •๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 37 5.1 ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ •๊ธฐ๋ฒ• 37 5.1.1 ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ •์‹ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ ํŠน์„ฑ 39 5.1.2 ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์›Œ์Šคํ•„ํ„ฐ 41 5.2 ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ 6์ถ•๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 44 6. ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ˆ์ œ 45 6.1 ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ 1 45 6.1.1 ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 46 6.1.2 ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์†๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 48 6.1.3 ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์†๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 49 6.1.4 ๋ณ€์œ„์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • 49 6.1.5 ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 49 6.1.6 ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 50 6.1.7 ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€์†๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 50 6.1.8 ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ 6์ถ•๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 50 6.2 ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ 2 66 6.2.1 ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 66 6.2.2 ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์†๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 66 6.2.3 ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์†๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 67 6.2.4 ๋ณ€์œ„์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • 67 6.2.5 ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ฐ›์นจ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 72 6.2.6 ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 72 6.2.7 ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€์†๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 74 6.2.8 ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ 6์ถ•๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 74 7. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  89 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 92 Abstract 94Maste

    ํ•˜๋‘ก์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘ IOT ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฐ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋กœ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž„์˜๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์นด ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ์ ์žฌ, ํƒ์ƒ‰, ๋ถ„์„ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•˜๋‘ก์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋ฐ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ ๋จธ์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Abstract โ…ฒ ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ดํ•ด 2.1 ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ๋… 3 2.2 ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 4 2.3 ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชฉ์  6 2.4 ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  7 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 3.1 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ณ 10 3.2 ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 11 3.3 ์ ์žฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 12 3.4 ํƒ์ƒ‰ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 15 3.5 ๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 18 3.6 ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 20 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 4.1 ์ ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 21 4.2 ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด 23 4.3 ์ ์žฌ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด 25 4.4 ํƒ์ƒ‰ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด 26 4.5 ๋ถ„์„ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด 31 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 42 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 43Maste

    ์Œ๊ณก๋งค๋“ญ ์—ฌ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์œ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์˜๊ตฌ์กฐ

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    Thesis(doctoral)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€,2004.Docto

    ์ง€์—ญ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ ํ• ๋‹น์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Šฆ์€ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํ„ฐ Reconcile ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2003.Maste

    ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ์„ผ์„œ์œตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ด๋™ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2003.Maste

    Liberty and the Nature of Liberal Education

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์œ ๊ต์œก์ด ์ž์œ ์˜ ์ด๋…์„ ์˜จ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์ถฉ์‹คํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž์œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ œ๋„์™€ ์ „ํ†ต์—๋กœ์˜ ์ž…๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ์ฃผ์ง€์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ๊ต์œก๋ก ์—๋Š” ์ž์œ  ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฐ•์ œ์„ฑ์ด ์ „์ œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž์œ ๊ต์œก๋ก ์—์„œ ์™œ ์ž์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ•์ œ์„ฑ์ด ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Berlin์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž์œ ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ƒํ™”๋  ๋•Œ ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋…์Šค ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋œ ์ƒ์œ„์ž์•„์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›€์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž์œ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์š•๋ง, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ถ”์ƒ์  ๊ด€๋…๋ก ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ „์ฒด์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ œ๋„์™€ ์ „ํ†ต์—๋กœ์˜ ์ž…๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๊ต์œก์ด ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›€์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์žฅํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. The topic in this paper follows from the fact as to whether or not human beings set free themselves from any kind of obstacles through education and liberal education actually contributes to achievement for its own particular aim as freeing the mind to function, freeing reason from error and illusion and freeing their conduct from wrong. Above all, the relationship between liberal education and an initiation into the civilised culture and tradition defined as its own objectives supported by some modern intellectualist philosophers such as Peters and Hirst has been argued in the light of the conceptions of liberty. To dissolve the close connection of liberal education with being forced to be free, Berlins two concepts of liberty has been examined and MacCallums triadic relation also tackled in order to remove the dichotomised fallacy in his negative and positive concepts of liberty. Through these analyses, if liberal education is to be connected with Berlins positive concept of freedom, obviously do the serious problems such as the paradox of freedom and paternalistic intervention frequently found in the educational situations arise. As to autonomy, liberal education can also get into danger of idealist totalitarianism and thus a solution has been suggested that autonomy is to be understood as a kind of capacity to enable one to inform ones own desire-fulfilment. Under the idea of openness and the fallibility in a liberal society, the paper concludes, the nature of liberal education should be reinterpreted as an educational principle enabling particular individuals to freely choose and decide what they actually want under the individualistic view, but not as compulsion forced by authorities, legitimate or not, and obedience to the abstract Moral Law. It is simply because liberty cannot be compulsion or obedience

    8์ž๋งค๋“ญ ๋ณด๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค์–‘์ฒด์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์‚ฌ์˜๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ,1997.Maste

    ๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ํ›„๋ฅ˜ ๊ต๋ž€์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2003.Maste

    A study on the analysis of posture balance based on multi-parameter

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    Dept. of Biomedical Engineering/๋ฐ•์‚ฌThis research measured and analyzed multi-parameter based posture balance after 24hours of sleep deprivation. The correlation of multi-parameter was determined by measuring and analyzing muscle activity, somatosensory, vestibular, central nervous system, stability and BMI with different posture in circadian condition.Body movement were check every 2 hours of interval after 24 hours of sleep deprivation.12 electrodes were used to check the movement of muscle of body. There were 13 subjects and average age was 25.5. Signals of vision, vestibular, somatosensory, central nervous system, stability, fall index, weight distribution, BMI is collected by using Treadmill, Cycle ergometer, force plate showing body motion to stay in balance.Comparing PO and PC, PC is evaluated as more influential factor in stability part. WDI seemed to be a statistical significance test and has big influential to posture balance. Looking at the time change of multi-parameter measured from physical sensory organ in PO balance posture, there was current of circadian change in vision, vestibular and stability. In the same posture measuring mean value by each method of measuring, mean value of vision and stability was almost same and there was decrease of mean value in vestibular and somatosensory and central nervous system and fall index showed big number of mean value.Looking at the time change of multi-parameter measured from physical sensory organ in PC balance posture, stability shown over 10% higher. By measuring each way of method in same posture, vestibular and stability shoed higher mean value.There is a significant difference between body position of hip and knee(A) to measured value of posture position for circadian in balanced condition. Shoulder movement decreased 4times but hip and knee(A) decreased 20 times loading more work on muscles increasing fatigue in walking posture. with change of measured value after sleep deprivation shoulder increases but knee(p) decreases and hip gradually decreased. There was statistical significance.In hips considering circadian posture position than other part of the body in walking posture. Muscle work decrease by some what from 10times and 100times in cycling posture, the overall muscle activity flows to negative current. At initial time and sleep deprivation shows that body works forward by biggest value in the neck. Therefore neck, hip, knee(A) part works forward than head, shoulder, knee(A) showing positive value in circadian condition. There is a pattern difference of movement of body in 24 hours of sleep deprivation. Movement of neck, shoulder, hip and leg is influential while opening the eyes and closing the eyes were confirmed. There is a need to check movement of body in many conditions after 36 hours of sleep deprivation and loading heavy body workage to measure the ability to control lung and body.ope
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