27 research outputs found

    ν•œκ΅­μΈ μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈμ—μ„œ μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯ μ—°κ΄€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μœ μ „μž 변이 발꡴ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ˜κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ μ˜ν•™κ³Ό, 2020. 8. λ°•κΈ°ν˜Έ.Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) can develop even within normal ranges of intraocular pressure, and this type of glaucoma (so-called normal-tension glaucoma [NTG]) is highly prevalent in East Asia including Korea and Japan. We conducted exome chip analysis to identify low-frequency and rare variants associated with POAG from the primary cohort (309 POAG patients and 5,400 control, all Koreans). For replication, Korean (310 POAG patients and 5,612 controls) and Japanese (565 POAG patients and 1,104 controls) cohorts were further investigated by targeted genotyping. For known POAG-related gene variants in other ethnicities, representative POAG-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from six loci (CDKN2B-AS1, SIX1/SIX6, ATOH7, CDC7-TGFBR3, CAV1, TMCO1) were selected and genotyped from discovery (POAG = 309, heathy = 5,400) and replication cohorts from Korea (POAG = 310, healthy = 5,612 and POAG = 221, healthy = 6,244, respectively). SNP rs116121322 in LRRC27 showed nominally significant association with POAG in the discovery cohort (OR = 29.85, P = 2.2E–06). This SNP was validated in the Korean replication cohort but only in the NTG subgroups (OR = 9.86, P = 0.007). Japanese replication cohort did not show significant association with POAG (P = 0.44). However, the meta-analysis in the entire cohort revealed significant association of rs116121322 with POAG (ORcombined = 10.28, Pcombined = 1.4E–07). The LRRC27 protein expression was confirmed from human trabecular meshwork cells. For gene-based testing, METTL20 showed a significant association in POAG (Pcombined = 0.002) and in the subgroup of NTG (Pcombined = 0.02), whereas ZNF677 were significantly associated with only in the subgroup of high-tension glaucoma (Pcombined = 1.5E–06). In terms of previously known POAG-related variants, rs1900004 in ATOH7 (OR = 1.29, P = 0.0024); rs1063192 (OR = 0.69, P = 0.0006), rs2157719 (OR = 0.63, P = 0.0007), and rs7865618 (OR = 0.63, P = 0.0006) in CDKN2B-AS1, and rs10483727 in SIX1/SIX6 (OR = 0.68, P = 7.9E–05) were nominally associated with the risk of POAG. The replication cohorts revealed significant associations with rs2157719 (OR = 0.72, P = 0.0135), rs1063192 (OR = 0.63, P = 0.0007) and rs7865618 (OR = 0.52, P = 0.0004) in CDKN2B-AS1. A mega-analysis from the entire Korean population revealed significance with rs1063192 (OR = 0.77, P = 6.0E–05), rs2157719 (OR = 0.63, P = 0.0007) and rs7865618 (OR = 0.58, P = 1.9E–06) in CDKN2B-AS1 and with rs10483727 in SIX1/SIX6 (OR = 0.79, P = 9.4E–05), with the same direction of effect between the discovery association and the replication sample. Our findings may provide further genetic backgrounds into the pathogenesis of POAG, especially for the patients who have lower baseline intraocular pressures.μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯은 정상 μ•ˆμ•• λ²”μœ„μ—μ„œλ„ λ°œμƒν•  수 있으며, μ†Œμœ„ μ •μƒμ•ˆμ••λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯으둜 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μœ ν˜•μ˜ λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯은 ν•œκ΅­κ³Ό 일본을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ λ™μ•„μ‹œμ•„κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ μœ λ³‘μœ¨μ΄ 맀우 λ†’λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μ €λΉˆλ„/희귀 μœ μ „ 변이λ₯Ό νƒμƒ‰ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 일차 μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈ (μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯ 309λͺ…, 정상ꡰ 5400λͺ…, λͺ¨λ‘ ν•œκ΅­μΈ)μ—μ„œ μ—‘μ†œμΉ© 뢄석을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 검증을 μœ„ν•΄ ν•œκ΅­μΈ μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈ (μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯ 310λͺ…, 정상ꡰ 5612λͺ…)와 일본인 μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈ (μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯ 565λͺ…, 정상ꡰ 1104λͺ…)μ—μ„œ μœ μ „μžν˜•μ„ μΆ”κ°€ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. νƒ€μΈμ’…μ—μ„œ μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λœ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보고된 λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ 6개 μœ μ „μž (CDKN2B-AS1, SIX1/SIX6, ATOH7, CDC7-TGFBR3, CAV1, TMCO1) λ‹¨μΌμ—ΌκΈ°λ‹€ν˜•μ„± (SNP)을 μ„ μ •ν•˜μ—¬ μΌμ°¨μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈ (μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯ 309λͺ…, 정상ꡰ 5400λͺ…, λͺ¨λ‘ ν•œκ΅­μΈ)와 κ²€μ¦μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈ (#1: μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯ 310λͺ…, 정상ꡰ 5612λͺ…, #2: μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯ 221λͺ…, 정상ꡰ 6244λͺ…, λͺ¨λ‘ ν•œκ΅­μΈ)μ—μ„œ μœ μ „μžν˜•μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 일차 μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈμ—μ„œ LRRC27 μœ μ „μžμ˜ SNP rs116121322이 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€ (OR = 29.85, P = 2.2E–06). 이 SNPλŠ” ν•œκ΅­μΈ μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈμ—μ„œλŠ” μΆ”κ°€ 검증 λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ (OR = 9.86, P = 0.007) 일본인 μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈμ—μ„œλŠ” μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯κ³Ό μœ μ˜ν•œ 연관이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€ (P = 0.44). κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 전체 μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈμ—μ„œ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•œ λ©”νƒ€λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œλŠ” μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯κ³Ό μœ μ˜ν•œ 연관을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€ (ORcombined = 10.28, Pcombined = 1.4E–07). λ˜ν•œ LRRC27 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ μΈκ°„μ„¬μœ μ£Όμ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ λ°œν˜„λ˜λŠ” 것을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μœ μ „μž μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œ, METTL20 μœ μ „μžκ°€ μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯ (Pcombined = 0.002) κ³Ό μ •μƒμ•ˆμ••λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯κ΅° (Pcombined = 0.02)μ—μ„œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 연관을 λ³΄μ˜€κ³  ZNF677 μœ μ „μžλŠ” κ³ μ•ˆμ••λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯κ΅°μ—μ„œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 연관을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€ (Pcombined = 1.5E–06). νƒ€μΈμ’…μ—μ„œ μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λœ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보고된 μœ μ „μž 변이 μ€‘μ—μ„œ ATOH7 μœ μ „μžμ˜ rs1900004 (OR = 1.29, P = 0.0024), CDKN2B-AS1 μœ μ „μžμ˜ rs1063192 (OR = 0.69, P = 0.0006), rs2157719 (OR = 0.63, P = 0.0007), rs7865618 (OR = 0.63, P = 0.0006) 그리고 SIX1/SIX6 μœ μ „μžμ˜ rs10483727 (OR = 0.68, P = 7.9E–05)κ°€ μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯κ³Ό μœ μ˜ν•œ 연관을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. κ²€μ¦μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈμ—μ„œλŠ” CDKN2B-AS1 μœ μ „μžμ˜ rs2157719 (OR = 0.72, P = 0.0135), rs1063192 (OR = 0.63, P = 0.0007), rs7865618 (OR = 0.52, P = 0.0004)κ°€ μœ μ˜ν•œ 연관을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 전체 ν•œκ΅­μΈ μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈ 톡합 λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œ CDKN2B-AS1 μœ μ „μžμ˜ rs1063192 (OR = 0.77, P = 6.0E–05), rs2157719 (OR = 0.63, P = 0.0007), rs7865618 (OR = 0.58, P = 1.9E–06), 그리고 SIX1/SIX6 μœ μ „μžμ˜ rs10483727 (OR = 0.79, P = 9.4E–05)κ°€ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯κ³Ό μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 μ›λ°œ κ°œλ°©κ°λ…Ήλ‚΄μž₯, 특히 κΈ°μ €μ•ˆμ••μ΄ μ •μƒλ²”μœ„μΈ ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ μœ μ „μ  병인에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해λ₯Ό 높일 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€.Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 4 Results 13 Discussion 39 References 51 Abstract in Korean 60Docto

    DAF κ³΅μ •μ—μ„œ μž…μžκ³„μˆ˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 수거μž₯치의 μš΄μ „μ§„λ‹¨

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ±΄μ„€ν™˜κ²½κ³΅ν•™λΆ€, 2014. 8. ν•œλ¬΄μ˜.μš©μ‘΄κ³΅κΈ°λΆ€μƒλ²•(Dissolved Air Flotation, DAF)은 미세기포λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜μ€‘μ˜ μž…μžλ₯Ό λΆ€μƒμ‹œμΌœ μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” 곡정이닀. μ΄λŠ” 일반적으둜 κΈ‰μ†ν˜Όν™”μ§€, ν”Œλ‘ν˜•μ„±μ§€, 기포 λ°œμƒμž₯치, λΆ€μƒλΆ„λ¦¬μ‘°λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœλ‹€. 미세기포와 ν”Œλ‘μ΄ κ²°ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜•μ„±λœ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ(float)λŠ” μˆ˜ν‘œλ©΄μ— μΆ•μ λ˜λ©°, μ΄λŠ” 수거μž₯μΉ˜μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ—°μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜Ήμ€ κ°„ν—μ μœΌλ‘œ μ œκ±°λœλ‹€. ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 수거μž₯μΉ˜λŠ” λ°˜μ‘μ‘° 전체에 걸쳐 μš΄μ „λ˜λ―€λ‘œ 적절치 λͺ»ν•œ μš΄μ „μ€ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈμ˜ 침강을 μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜μ—¬ μ „μ²΄κ³΅μ •μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„ λ–¨μ–΄νŠΈλ¦°λ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 및 μš΄μ „μ§€μΉ¨μ΄ λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜μ—¬, ν˜„μž₯ μ‹€λ¬΄μžμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜μ—¬ μš΄μ „λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€, 수거μž₯치의 μ’…λ₯˜(hydraulic, chain-Β­flight) 별 μš΄μ „μ‘°κ±΄ 변경에 λ”°λ₯Έ 처리효율 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ 졜적 μš΄μ „μ‘°κ±΄μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 첫째, μž…μžμ˜ 거동 뢄석이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μž…μžκ³„μˆ˜κΈ°(onΒ­-line particle counter)λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ³΅μ •μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„ ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, 수거μž₯치의 μ μ ˆν•œ μš΄μ „μ£ΌκΈ°λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 측의 ν˜•μ„±μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 수거μž₯치의 μ’…λ₯˜λ³„ 졜적 μš΄μ „μ‘°κ±΄μ„ λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬ결과, λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μš΄μ „μ‘°κ±΄μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 처리효율 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μž…μžκ³„μˆ˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 톡해 μ •λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μƒ˜ν”Œλ§μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜λ³„λ‘œ μž…μžμˆ˜λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨, 곡정 λ‚΄ μž…μžμ˜ 거동을 뢄석할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 탁도값을 톡해 μ „μ²΄κ³΅μ •μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 기쑴의 방법보닀 μž…μžκ³„μˆ˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 방법이 보닀 정확함을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 측이 μ΅œλŒ€λ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λ  수 μžˆλŠ” ν•œκ³„ λ‘κ»˜(λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•½ 8 cm)κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 측의 λ‘κ»˜κ°€ μ΅œλŒ€λ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λœ μ‹œμ (λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•½ 16 λΆ„) 이후엔, 유좜수의 μž…μžμˆ˜κ°€ 크게 μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ΅œλŒ€ λ‘κ»˜λ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λœ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 측에 μƒˆλ‘œμ΄ λΆ€μƒλœ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈκ°€ κ²°ν•©λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  ν•˜ν–₯μœ μ†μ— μ˜ν•΄ μœ μΆœλΆ€λ‘œ λ°°μΆœλ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 측이 ν•œκ³„ λ‘κ»˜λ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λ˜κΈ° 이전에 수거μž₯치λ₯Ό μš΄μ „ν•˜μ—¬, μ μ ˆν•œ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 측을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. 수거μž₯치의 μ’…λ₯˜μ— 상관없이, ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 측이 μ΅œλŒ€ λ‘κ»˜λ‘œ ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ”λ° μ†Œμš”λ˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„ 보닀 짧은 주기둜 μš΄μ „ν•  λ•Œ 유좜수의 μž…μžμˆ˜κ°€ μ•ˆμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μš΄μ „μ£ΌκΈ°κ°€ κΈΈμ–΄μ§ˆμˆ˜λ‘ κ³΅μ •μ˜ 처리효율이 λ†’κ²Œ κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ‹œκ°„λ™μ•ˆ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈκ°€ λ†μΆ•λ˜μ–΄ 수거μž₯치의 μš΄μ „μ— μ˜ν•œ 좩격에 κ²¬λ””λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” DAF κ³΅μ •μ—μ„œ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 수거μž₯치의 μš΄μ „μ„ μ΅œμ ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 기초적인 자료둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. λ˜ν•œ μž…μžκ³„μˆ˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 처리효율 츑정방법은 수거μž₯치 뿐 만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œμ˜ μš΄μ „μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  μ΅œμ ν™”ν•˜λŠ”λ° ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€λœλ‹€.1. μ„œλ‘  1 1.1 연ꡬ배경 1 1.2 연ꡬλͺ©μ  2 2. λ¬Έν—Œ κ³ μ°° 및 이둠적 연ꡬ 3 2.1 μš©μ‘΄κ³΅κΈ°λΆ€μƒλ²•(Dissolved Air Flotation) 3 2.1.1 μš©μ‘΄κ³΅κΈ°λΆ€μƒλ²•μ˜ κ°œμš” 3 2.1.2 μš©μ‘΄κ³΅κΈ°λΆ€μƒλ²•μ˜ μš΄μ „μ‘°κ±΄ 4 2.2 μš©μ‘΄κ³΅κΈ°λΆ€μƒλ²•μ˜ 이둠 6 2.2.1 μš©μ‘΄κ³΅κΈ°λΆ€μƒμ˜ 이둠의 λ°œμ „ 6 2.2.2 μš©μ‘΄κ³΅κΈ°λΆ€μƒμ˜ 이둠 9 2.3 DAF 뢄리쑰 λ‚΄μ˜ 흐름 νŠΉμ„± 16 2.4 ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 수거μž₯치 18 2.4.1 ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 수거μž₯치의 μ’…λ₯˜ 및 νŠΉμ§• 18 2.4.2 ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 수거μž₯치의 섀계지침 21 3. μ‹€ν—˜μž₯치 및 방법 22 3.1 μ‹€ν—˜μž₯치 22 3.1.1 ν”Œλ‘ν˜•μ„±μ§€(flocculation basin) 22 3.1.2 λ°˜μ‘μ‘°(reactor) 23 3.1.3 ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 수거μž₯치(float removal system) 25 3.2 μ‹€ν—˜λ°©λ²• 27 3.2.1 μž…μž 개수 μΈ‘μ • 27 3.2.2 탁도 μΈ‘μ • 28 4. μž…μžκ³„μˆ˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ DAF κ³΅μ •μ˜ 진단 30 4.1 μ„œλ‘  30 4.2 μ‹€ν—˜λ°©λ²• 및 λ‚΄μš© 30 4.3 μ‹€ν—˜κ²°κ³Ό 33 4.3.1 DAF κ³΅μ •μ—μ„œ λ°˜μ‘μ‘° λ‚΄ μž…μž λ³€ν™” 33 4.3.2 DAF κ³΅μ •μ—μ„œ 유좜수 μž…μž λ³€ν™” 35 5. DAF κ³΅μ •μ—μ„œ λ°˜μ‘μ‘° λ‚΄ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ μΈ΅ ν˜•μ„± 36 5.1 μ„œλ‘  36 5.2 μ‹€ν—˜λ°©λ²• 및 λ‚΄μš© 36 5.3 μ‹€ν—˜κ²°κ³Ό 38 5.3.1 ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ μΈ΅ λ‘κ»˜λ³€ν™” 38 5.3.2 ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ μΈ΅ ν˜•μ„±μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 유좜수 μž…μž λ³€ν™” 39 6. λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν”Œλ‘œνŠΈ 수거μž₯치의 μš΄μ „ μ΅œμ ν™” 40 6.1 μ„œλ‘  40 6.2 μ‹€ν—˜λ°©λ²• 및 λ‚΄μš© 40 6.2.1 ChainΒ­flight 수거μž₯치의 μš΄μ „μ‘°κ±΄ 40 6.2.2 Hydraulic 수거μž₯치의 μš΄μ „μ‘°κ±΄ 42 6.3 μ‹€ν—˜κ²°κ³Ό 44 6.3.1 ChainΒ­flight μš΄μ „μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 유좜수 μž…μž λ³€ν™” 44 6.3.2 Hydraulic μš΄μ „μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 유좜수 μž…μž λ³€ν™” 47 7. κ²°λ‘  50 8. μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 52Maste

    λ‚΄ κΈ€μ“°κΈ°μ˜ μ„Έ 가지 원칙

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    λŒ€ν•™μ— μ˜¬λΌμ™€μ„œμ•Ό μ™„κ²°λœ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ κΈ€μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 처음으둜 써보게 된 λ‚˜λŠ”, ν•΄κ°€ κ±°λ“­λ μˆ˜λ‘ κ·Έ 정도λ₯Ό λ”ν•΄κ°€λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ—­μ„€ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— νž˜λ“€μ–΄ν–ˆλ‹€. 더 많이 배우고 λŠλ‚„μˆ˜λ‘, κΈ€μ“°κΈ°κ°€ 점점 더 μ–΄λ €μ›Œμ§„λ‹€. 글을 μ“°κ±°λ‚˜ 읽은 κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μŒ“μž„μ— 따라 자기 글에 λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°λŒ€μΉ˜κ°€ 높아지기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³ λ„ μƒκ°ν–ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ μ•Œκ²Œ 된 것을 κΈ€λ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λ € ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμ—λ„ λ‚΄κ°€ 이전과 λ˜‘κ°™μ€ λ§λ§Œμ„ λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λΏμ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μ„ λ•ŒλŠ” κ½€λ‚˜ λ‹Ήν˜ΉμŠ€λŸ¬μ› λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ κΈ°λŒ€μΉ˜κ³  뭐고 κΈ€μ“°κΈ° μžμ²΄κ°€ μ œμžλ¦¬κ±ΈμŒμ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것이닀

    μΈμ²΄νƒ€μ•‘μ˜ 보관이 DNA 뢄리와 μ•ˆμ •λ„μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯

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    Thesis(doctoral)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μΉ˜μ˜ν•™κ³Ό ꡬ강내과·진단학전곡 ,2005.Docto

    (The) effects of cortisone acetate on the rat placenta

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    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/박사[ν•œκΈ€] [영문] Glucocorticoids, such as cortisone have been known to be teratogenic in mice and also induce reabsorption and abortion of the fetus in pregnant rabbits, rats, mice, and guinea pigs(Domm and Leroy, 1951; Leroy and Domm, 1951; DeCosta and Abelman, 1952; Robson and Sharaf, 1952; Lee and Ring, 1956; Ingallis and Curley, 1957). But, it is not known whether cortisone produces fetal malformation by direct action on the embryo or through some action on the pregnant female (Kalter, 1965). However the fact that fertility as well as uterine, placental, and fetal development is in several ways dependent upon maternal adrenocorticoid hormone production is now well documented (Amoroso, 1955). To date, only a few investigators have recorded cortisone-induced morphological changes in the placentas of experimental animals. The present study is an attempt to investigate the probable site of influence in the placenta by cortisone, that could be related to fetal death, reabsorption, using the light and electron microscopic examinations in albino rats. Materials and Methods Female albino rats weighing around 200 gms. were used for the experiment and mated. The pregnant females were divided into two groups as follows. Group β… : Normal control (35 pregnant rats) Group β…‘: Cortisone treated (35 pregnant rats) Each group was subdivided into seven groups. In the experimental group, daily dose of 5 mg of cortisone acetate per animal was given intramuscularly. The placentas were obtained on the 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th, 19th, and 20th day of the pregnancy in both experimental and control groups. For histologic examination the routine hematoxylin-eosin staining method was performed, and PAS staining method for mucopolysaccharide and glycogen, methyl-green pyronin staining method for RNA, and reticulum staining method for reticulum fiber was also applied. For the electron microscopic examination the tissue was fixed in 1% osmium tetraoxide in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 for 2 hours, and embedded in Epon 812 after dehydration. Sections were made with a glass knife of 400 to 500 A in thickness and stained with uranyl acetate and lead hydroxide. Observations were made with Hitachi HU 11-E model electron microscope. The following results were made in observation of the placental changes of the pregnant rats treated with cortisone acetate by the light and electron microscopy. 1) The wet placental weights of cortisone-treated groups were decreased in comparison with that of the control group. 2) In cortisone-treated groups even though the morphologic changes of vitelline membrane and junctional zone of the placenta were not much different from those of the control group, the placental labyrinth showed early congestion and atrophy, with early degenerative changes of trophoblasts. 3) The positive periodic acid Schiff stained material in the trophoblasts of the rat placenta treated with cortisone was relatively decreased at the late gestational period. Meanwhile the methyl-green pyronin reaction of trophoblasts in those group showed decreased reaction of trophoblasts in early phase of placental formation. 4) The dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and detachment of ribosomes in trophoblasts of early placental formation were found by electron microscopy. On the basis of the above findings the cortisone induces marked congestion of placental labyrinth, atrophy and degeneration of trophoblasts, decreased positive meterial of PAS, and interference of protein synthesis in the rat placenta. It is speculated that those changes might be related with the death, abortion and reabsorption of the fetus.restrictio

    A Study on synovial fluid analysis of chronic TMD and effects of pumping technique λ§Œμ„± μ•…κ΄€μ ˆμž₯μ• ν™˜μžμ˜ ν™œμ•‘λΆ„μ„ 및 μ•…κ΄€μ ˆ λ„μ•½μˆ μ˜ νš¨κ³Όμ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    Thesis (master`s)--:μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μΉ˜μ˜ν•™κ³Ό ꡬ강내과.진단학전곡,1998.Maste

    Study on Aristotles explanation of akrasia

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ² ν•™κ³Ό(μ„œμ–‘μ² ν•™μ „κ³΅), 2011.2. 강상진.Maste

    연속식 νˆ¬μˆ˜μ„±λ°˜μ‘λ²½μ²΄μ˜ ν™œμš©μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ œμ˜¬λΌμ΄νŠΈμ™€ μ œκ°•μŠ¬λž˜κ·Έλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ λ³΅ν•©μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆ 제거λŠ₯평가

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ±΄μ„€ν™˜κ²½κ³΅ν•™λΆ€, 2012. 2. λ°•μ€€λ²”.Artificial island is constructed with dredged materials and landfill waste. However these materials could be considered as the main sources for contamination as they might contain ammonium, cadmuim and phosphate. Also previous researchers show that costal sediments in South Korea were contaminated by ammonium, phosphate and cadmium (Song, 2003). Littoral area of sea could be happened by sudden accident but almost all contamination are caused by artificial behavior. Double sheeted permeable reactive barrier system containing zeolite and steel making slag is possible to be applied to filter multiple contaminants at the same time. Sequential batch test was firstly performed to select reaction order between zeolite and slag (Test ZS), slag and zeolite (Test SZ) and mixed two materials. In case of phosphate and cadmium removal rate (%), there was no difference between two modules. However in case of ammonium removal rate (%), test ZS showed better removal rate than that of Mixed and test SZ. Column test 1 was performed to reconfirm removal efficiency depending on reaction order under flow through condition. Among three test methods in sequential batch test, two test mothods, test ZS and test SZ, which showed highest and lowest removal efficiency of ammonium, were tested. Because lower removal efficiency of ammonium than that of other contaminant in sequential batch test was obtained, only ammonium breakthrough curve was obtain in column test 1. The result was analyzed by two-site nonequilibrium model and it showed high reliability (R2). Test ZS showed high removal efficiency than that of test SZ and it was similar to sequential batch test. Column test 2 was performed to evaluate removal efficiency of multiple contaminants by column test ZS which consists of different depth of zeolite and steel making slag under flow-through condition. In this test four test methods, 10:0, 8:2, 5:5, 7:3, were tested and through obtained breakthrough curve, retardation factor (Rf) partitioning coefficient (Ξ²), and mass transfer coefficient (Ο‰) were analyzed. In the case of ammonium, breakthrough curve was delayed more with increasing zeolite depth and retardation factor (Rf) of 10:0, 8:2, 5:5, 3:7 were 185.9, 111.2, 109.1, 67.3. In the case of phophate, breakthrough curve was delayed more with decreasing zeolite depth and retardation factor (Rf) of 10:0, 8:2, 5:5, 3:7 were 0, 38.25, 120, 122.4. In the case of cadmuim, breakthrough curve was delayed more with decreasing zeolite depth and retardation factor (Rf) of 10:0, 8:2, 5:5, 3:7 were 48.95, 101.3, 156.1, 207.1. After column test 2, linear relationship between Rf, Ο‰ and Ξ² and it is possible to predict other column test method parameter without other tests.Maste
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