28 research outputs found

    Analysis and Improvement of an Experiment on Diffusion Rate of GasesIntroduced in High School Chemistry Textbooks

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ(ํ™”ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2012. 8. ์ •๋Œ€ํ™.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ™”ํ•™ โ…ก ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์†๋„ ์‹คํ—˜ ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•จ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์†๋„ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ํ™•์‚ฐ์†๋„ ์ธก์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€ ์–‘ ๋์— ์—ผ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์—ผํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์™€ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ผํ™”์•”๋ชจ๋Š„ ํฐ ๋ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ํฐ ๋ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด HCl๊ณผ NH3๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์‚ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์—ผํ™”์•”๋ชจ๋Š„ ํฐ ๋ ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ผ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์šฉ์•ก์—์„œ HCl๊ณผ NH3 ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ„์••์ด ๊ฐ™์•„์ง€๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ํฐ ๋ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ํ™•์‚ฐ์†๋„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ถฉ๋Œ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ์—ผํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์™€ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์งˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์†๋„ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ฐœ๋… ๋„์ถœ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.This study is to analyze the problems observed in the experiment on diffusion rate of gases in high school Chemistry II text books and investigate the reason followed by suggestion of an improved experimental method. As typically introduced in textbooks, a few drops of HCl(aq) and NH3(aq) were dropped at both ends of a glass tube, and then the position of ammonium chloride white ring created by the reaction with HCl(g) and NH3(g) was measured. The position of the white ring changed with time. In order to investigate the reason of such change, the experiment was repeated using HCl and NH3 gases, and the position of white ring did not changed with time. Meanwhile the relative diffusion distance did not match with the theoretical expectation of the Graham's diffusion experiment but did with that of the Loschmidt's diffusion experiment. Based on this result experimental condition allowing equal partial pressure of HCl and NH3 gases in hydrochloric acid and aqueous ammonia solution, respectively was found, and under the obtained condition the position of white ring did not change and was consistent with the theoretical expectation. This study is anticipated to help learners to understand the scientific concept of diffusion through the improved experiment.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก โ…ฐ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ฑ ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ณ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ต โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 3 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  3 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 4 1. ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด๋ก  4 2. Graham์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ 4 3. Loschmidt์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ 6 4. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 9 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 11 1. ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ถ„์„ 11 2. ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์žฌํ˜„ 11 3. HCl๊ณผ NH3 ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ 12 4. ์‹œ์•ฝ์˜ ๋†๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜ 13 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 14 1. ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 14 2. ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  15 3. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์›์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 17 4. ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ œ์‹œ 21 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 26 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 28 Abstract 31Maste
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