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    A Study on Business Cycles and Efficiency of the Marine logistics Industry in Korea

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    This study was conducted on marine logistics companies with corporate data accumulated for 30 years from 1988 to 2017, and 15 marine logistics companies were selected as the final subjects. The input and output variables of this study used to analyze efficiency of the marine logistics companies were based on financial data of the companies. The input variables included the number of employees, total asset and selling and administrative expense, and the output variables were sales and operating profit. Technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the 15 Korean marine logistics companies for 30 years from 1988 to 2017 were analyzed. The period of 30 years was divided into three periods: The first period before the IMF crisis from 1988 to 1997; the second period after the IMF crisis from 1998 to 2007; and the third period after the global financial crisis from 2008 to 2017. Furthermore, efficiencies were compared by dividing the companies according to size based on the number of employees, total asset and sales. The analysis results can be summarized as shown below. First, most of marine logistics companies showed low technical efficiency below 0.6 in the period before the IMF. Technical efficiency was mostly increased after the IMF. Efficiency of many companies increased further in the period after the global financial crisis. As for pure technical efficiency, most of marine logistics companies showed low pure technical efficiency below 0.6 in the period before the IMF. Pure technical efficiency after the IMF was mostly increased compared to the period before the IMF. Pure technical efficiency of many companies increased further after the global financial crisis. Lastly, most of marine logistics companies showed relatively high scale efficiency of 0.7 or above. Scale efficiency was mostly increased after the IMF. Scale efficiency of many companies increased after the global financial crisis from 2008 to 2017, with most of them showing efficiency of 0.9 or above. As such, efficiency of the marine logistics companies increased after the IMF and global financial crisis. The marine logistics companies were divided according to the number of employees, total asset and sales. In terms of employees and sales, companies with relatively large size showed higher technical efficiency. Companies with small size showed higher pure technical efficiency. For scale efficiency, efficiency of companies with small size was higher. Second, for the distribution of the return to scale in each year, the largest number of companies had increasing returns to scale (IRS) before the IMF. Although the largest number of companies had increasing returns to scale (IRS) after the IMF, the number of companies with constant returns to scale (CRS) and decreasing returns to scale (DRS) after the global financial crisis. Third, looking at changes of efficiency of the marine logistics companies in each period, MPI, TECI and TCI exceeded 1 on average before the IMF. MPI was dropped below 1 from 1992 to 1995, and the cause of this change was in TCI. Average MPI and TCI were above 1 but TECI was below 1 after the IMF. MPI was dropped below 1 from 1998 to 2000 and from 2002 to 2013. This change was also caused by TCI. Average MPI, TECI and TCI were above 1 for 10 years after the global financial crisis. MPI showed extremely large efficiency change of 5.365 from 2008 to 2009. Fourth, the fixed-effect model was used to find the factors affecting efficiency. Labor cost per capita, economic growth rate and unemployment rate had a significant effect on technical efficiency. Equity ratio, debt ratio, labor cost per capita, economic growth rate and unemployment rate had a significant effect on pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The policy implications of this study are as follows. First, in order for the domestic maritime industry to be competitive and sustainable, and to gain a competitive advantage, investment in eco-friendly areas that are being promoted globally must be made. Second, in order for domestic shipping companies to strengthen their competitiveness in the marine transportation and logistics sector in the international market, the government should provide support through policy financial institutions smoothly. Third, in order to enhance the competitiveness of the maritime industry and increase the efficiency of operation, it is necessary to expand professional manpower, and to nurture and manage maritime expert manpower systematically. The limitations of this study are as follows. First, efficiency and efficiency change can differ according to the input and output variables. For more accurate measurement of efficiency, it needs to be complemented by considering qualitative evaluations such as management evaluation. Second, the time-series fixed-effect model could not be used to analyze the determinants. It would be necessary to apply the time-series fixed-effect model or two-way fixed-effect model while exploring the internal environmental variables in future studies. Third, efficiency analysis should be carried out in greater details by classifying the target companies into coastal shipping and ocean shipping to find ways of increasing competitiveness of marine logistics companies.|๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1988๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2017๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘ 30๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด 15๊ฐœ ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž… ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋‚ด ์žฌ๋ฌด์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ข…์—…์› ์ˆ˜, ์ด์ž์‚ฐ, ํŒ๋งค๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋น„๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งค์ถœ์•ก๊ณผ ์˜์—…์ด์ต์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1988๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2007๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 30๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด 15๊ฐœ ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ์ˆœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 30๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ IMF์ „์ธ 1988๋…„~1997๋…„์„ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, IMF์ดํ›„์ธ 1998๋…„~2007๋…„์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์ธ 2008๋…„~2017๋…„์„ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ข…์—…์› ์ˆ˜, ์ด์ž์‚ฐ, ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, IMF ์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ฐ’์€ 0.6๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, IMF ํ›„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ IMF ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด IMF ์ดํ›„๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” IMF ์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ฐ’์€ 0.6๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, IMF ํ›„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ IMF ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด IMF ์ดํ›„๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ IMF ์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ฐ’์€ 0.7์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, IMF ํ›„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ง€์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ IMF ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ธ 2008๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2017๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด IMF ์ดํ›„๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ 0.9 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ 30๋…„๊ฐ„ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” IMF์™€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ข…์—…์› ์ˆ˜, ์ด์ž์‚ฐ, ๋งค์ถœ์•ก ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ข…์—…์›๊ณผ ๋งค์ถœ์•ก ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทœ๋ชจํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ถ„์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” IMF ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ(IRS)์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. IMF ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ(IRS)์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ(CRS)์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ(DRS)์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—… ์ „์ฒด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, IMF ์ „์—๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ MPI, TECI, TCI๊ฐ€ 1์„ ๋„˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, 92๋…„~95๋…„์—๋Š” MPI๊ฐ€ 1๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ์€ TCI์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. IMF ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” MPI์™€ TCI๋Š” 10๋…„ ํ‰๊ท  1์„ ๋„˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ TECI๋Š” 1๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, MPI์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 98๋…„~00๋…„๊ณผ 02๋…„~13๋…„์—๋Š” 1๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ์€ TCI์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ MPI, TECI, TCI๋Š” 10๋…„ ํ‰๊ท  1์„ ๋„˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, MPI ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 08๋…„~09๋…„์—๋Š” 5.365๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์—๋Š” 1์ธ๋‹น ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ , ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ๋น„์œจ, ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋น„์œจ, 1์ธ๋‹น ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ , ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ด์šด์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์„œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•ด์–‘์šด์†ก๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง€์›์ด ์›ํ™œํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ•ด์šด์‚ฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ์šด์˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ™•์ถฉ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด์šด๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž… ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋„์ถœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์„ฑ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ์ƒํ˜ธ๋ณด์™„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์˜ ํƒ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜• ํ˜น์€ ์ด์›๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋น„๊ต๋Œ€์ƒ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋‚ดํ•ญ ๋ฐ ์™ธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ณ  ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.ํ‘œ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ฒ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ด ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์š”์•ฝ โ…ต Abstract โ…ธ ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ ํ•ด์šด๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์‚ฐ์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2.1 ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 5 2.2 ํ•ด์šด์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 6 2.2.1 ํ•ด์šด์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ •์˜ 6 2.2.2 ํ•ด์šด์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 8 2.3 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ด์šด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์›์ธ 11 2.4 ํ•ด์šด์—… ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ง 16 2.4.1 ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ•ด์šด์—… ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ง 16 2.4.2 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ด์šด์—… ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ง 23 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 3.1 ์ž๋ฃŒํฌ๋ฝ๋ถ„์„(DEA) 26 3.1.1 CCR๋ชจํ˜• 26 3.1.2 BCC๋ชจํ˜• 27 3.2 Malmqusit ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ง€์ˆ˜: MPI 28 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4.1 ํˆฌ์ž… ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ • 30 4.1.1 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€ 30 4.1.2 ํˆฌ์ž… ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 31 4.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 32 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 5.1 ํˆฌ์ž… ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 34 5.2 ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 36 5.2.1 ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 36 5.2.2 ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต ๋ถ„์„ 55 5.3 Malmquist Productivity Index ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 62 5.4 ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 79 5.4.1 ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ํƒ 79 5.4.2 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 81 5.4.3 ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 82 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  6.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  86 6.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 92 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 94 97Docto

    Activation Strategies of the Ship Supply Industry in Korea

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    Activation Strategies of the Ship Supply Industry in Korea Kim, Young-Duk Department of Economy and Industry Graduate School of Maritime Industry of Korea Maritime and Ocean University Abstract Recently, international trade environment is changing rapidly because of the intensifying competition among global companies. Many shipping port operators make efforts in order to strengthen their competitiveness. Port is not only a loading and unloading place that is passed by ships but also the base of international multimodal transports and international logistics. In other words, the port must perform the functions of providing total logistics service which includes inventory, transshipment, re-processing, exhibition, convention, and financial service in other to build a cluster bounding port services industry. Many researchers have pointed out that the port logistics industry needed to be developed further in order to create new values. Under this environment, the purpose of this study is to provide the activation strategies of the ship supply industry in Korea. In order to achieve this purpose, firstly, this study analyzed the current situation of ship supply industry in Korea and other advanced countries such as Netherlands, Singapore, and Japan. Secondly, based on a case study, this study derived the problems and proposed the activation strategies of the ship supply industry in Korea. As the results, the problems of ship supply industry in Korea were as follows : (1) Increased competition due to excess providers and high operating costs of ship supply company (2) Complex distribution structures system of ship supply market and traditional order system (3) Absence of global network, lack of brand power and variety of ship supply (4) Complex duty drawback procedure and low interest of government and local government Consequently, the activation strategies of the ship supply industry in Korea were as follows : (1) Activating operations of the International Shipping Supply Center and Shipsuppliers and Services Association. (2) Activating e-commerce in the ship supply market (3) Pursuit of shared growth through taking part in the integrated maritime industry clusters involved (4) The government's policy support on ship supply industry KEY WORDS : ship supply industry ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…e-commerce ์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜shared growth ๋™๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์žฅport logistics industry ํ•ญ๋งŒ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์‚ฐ์—… case study ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ณ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ด Abstract โ…ต ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 6 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ 9 1. ํ•ญ๋งŒ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 9 2. ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ 15 ์ œ3์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ํ•ด์™ธ ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ 23 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 23 1. ํ•ญ๋งŒ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 23 2. ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‹œ์žฅ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 26 3. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‹œ์žฅ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 29 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—… ํ•ด์™ธ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 32 1. ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด(์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅดํ•ญ) 32 2. ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ(๋กœํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ดํ•ญ) 33 3. ์ผ๋ณธ(๊ณ ๋ฒ ํ•ญ) 34 4. ์ฃผ์š” ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 35 5. ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ ์„ ์ง„์‚ฌ๋ก€(์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅดํ•ญ)์™€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด(๋ถ€์‚ฐํ•ญ)๋น„๊ต 36 ์ œ4์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  38 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  38 1. ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ๊ณผ์ž‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‹ฌํ™” 38 2. ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์—…์ฒด์˜ ๋†’์€ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ 39 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  39 1. ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์œ ํ†ต๊ตฌ์กฐ 39 2. ์ „ํ†ต์  ์ฃผ๋ฌธ๋ฐฉ์‹ 40 3. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ 40 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  41 1. ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ถ€์กฑ 41 2. ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ํŒŒ์›Œ ๋ถ€์กฑ 41 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ… ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  42 1. ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ด€์„ธํ™˜๊ธ‰ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 42 2. ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ง€์ž์ฒด์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์ €์กฐ 42 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 43 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ตญ์ œ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ์œ ํ†ต์„ผํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆํ˜‘ํšŒ ์šด์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” 45 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ์šฉํ’ˆ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ™” 48 ์ œ3์ ˆ ํ•ด์–‘์‚ฐ์—… ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํด๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋™๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์žฅ ์ถ”๊ตฌ 53 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์ง€์› 56 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  59 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  59 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ 64 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 6

    Exploring Assigned Teachers' Agency in High School Focusing on Curriculum Governance

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์œ ์„ฑ์ƒ.This study was conducted as an inquiry into assigned teachers who are being burdened gradually increasing role and job performance due to schanges in the educational environment. Assigned teachers have continuously raised the issue of role conflict and teacher identity between educational activities and administrative works. Recently, the phenomenon of avoiding their positions has intensified, and there have been many cases in which those are assigned to temporary teachers. In order to understand the structural origin of avoiding assigned teachers, qualitative studies were conducted on what assigned teachers are, what they do, and what characteristics are there for those who perform thoes positions. For the study, assigned teachers from a private general high school in Gyeonggi-do, consisting of relatively homogeneous teachers, were recruited as study participants, and data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth interviews. As a result of the study, the senior teacher was performing various tasks as the organizer of school administrative affairs, the intermediate manager of the school organization, and the subject teacher. While all teachers were divided into administrative departments and homeroom departments to perform their duties, the assigned teachers were the head of each department in charge of administrative affairs in accordance with the school curriculum operation plan. The senior teacher's jobs were various: some tasks that are easy, followed by strict supervision by higher-level agencies, somes tasks are difficult and unfamiliar, some are vast and have complex areas, and there are tasks that caused difficulties due to the human relations within the school. In addition, as an intermediate manager, the assigned teachers were responsible for mediating the pricipal and vice principal with teachers, accepting complaints and raising problems in the school. Due to the conflicting voices of teachers, difficulties in promoting work may arise. As the administrative director and the middle manager of the school organization, the assigned teachers requested all faculty members to pay attention and participate in the school management. In addition, as a teacher in charge of the subject, there were also teachers who achieved agency by showing activeness in class. Cooperation to reduce the burden of other teachers was essential for the subject class of the assigned teacher. As a result of exploring the components of the agency of assigned teachers, in the retrospective dimension of the past, the context of life history that formed values and identity and the formation of accountability and relationship due to the teacher's own educational experiences were derived. At the current evaluation level, they were experiencing a non-cooperative school culture, conflict structure within the school, vast work, and insufficient support and compensation compared to that. In the projective dimension of the future, as a short-term goal, they were focusing on promoting their department's immediate work and solving problems. In the long run, they hoped to achieve cooperation and participation of teachers while preparing their own compensation system for their job performance. The process of actually achieving the agency of assigned teachers was explored. The job performance of assigned teachers is centered on each field of the school curriculum they are responsible for. The school curriculum undergoes periodic changes such as the replacement of the principal, the replacement of the assigned teacher, and the cycle of the semester. In addition, the operation of the school curriculum through the cooperation of teachers was carried out in the form of governance. In the narrow sense of school curriculum which diversifies learners' curriculum options, governance was formed in a form that required teachers' cooperation and consent to open subjects and calculate the teacher quota. In addition, different policy responses were shown for each school through school curriculum governance, and passive responses to policies according to teacher benefits were also observed. The agency of assigned teachers conceptualized in this study appears by reflecting on the school curriculum as a sum of practical actions that broadly interact with school managers, fellow teachers, learners, and parents and represent learners' rights in reality. This can effectively mediate governance with other teachers, understand the social impact of one's own actions, and establish one's own compensation system to improve job expertise. Relationship was mainly pointed out as the achievement conditions and characteristics of the behavioral subjectivity of the senior teacher. The phenomenon of avoiding these postitions which is the background of the study, is strongly seen when the assigned teachers who mediate school managers and learners to teachers are damaged by internal criticism and problem raising while mediating the national curriculum and the school curriculum. If one overcomes these obstacles and performes as an assigned teacher, they do not remain in the area of original identity as a teacher, but form collective behavioral identity by internalizing social values through social interaction within the school. The ecological experience of the assigned teacher is caused by the operation of the school curriculum according to the practical element of implementing the national education policy in depth, and the system in which teachers actually perform the administrative work of the senior teacher's education support forms a different perception of the same school curriculum governance.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œกํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ ์ฐจ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์ง๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—” ๋ณด์ง์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์ง์ด ๋ฐฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์—ฐ์›์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ์ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•™๊ตํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ž์ด์ž ํ•™๊ต์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์„œ์™€ ๋‹ด์ž„๋ถ€์„œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์šด์˜๊ณ„ํš์„œ์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ด๊ด„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋…์ด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด, ๋‚œ์ด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด, ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด, ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์›, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์™€ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ค‘์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ถฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—…๋ฌด ์ถ”์ง„์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ด์ž ํ•™๊ต์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ „ ๊ต์ง์›์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์šด์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ต๊ณผ ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ๋„ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ ๊ทน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ด ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์—…์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ถ€๋‹ด ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ•€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํšŒ๊ณ ์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์‚ฌ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฑ…๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ํ•™๊ต๋ฌธํ™”, ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ง€์› ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํˆฌ์˜์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธธ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์€ ํ•™๊ต์žฅ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด, ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด, ํ•™๊ธฐ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์šด์˜์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜‘์˜์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ํŽธ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ค ๋ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ •์› ์‚ฐ์ •์— ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™๊ต๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์‘์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์‚ฌ ํŽธ์ต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ทน์  ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ํ•™๊ต๊ด€๋ฆฌ์žยท๋™๋ฃŒ๊ต์‚ฌยทํ•™์Šต์žยทํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ํญ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœํ–‰์œ„์˜ ์ดํ™”๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง๋ฌด์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ชฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋œ ๋ถ€์žฅ ๊ธฐํ”ผ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์—, ํ•™๊ต ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์™€ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ์— ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ํ›ผ์†๋‹นํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž์•„-์› ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์‹ฌ์ธต์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ต์œก์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ค์žฌ์  ์š”์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์šด์˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ง€์› ํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง๊ตฐ๋ณ„ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 7 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  7 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ 10 1. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์œ„์™€ ์ง๋ฌด 10 2. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํŽธ์žฌ์™€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ 13 3. ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด ๊ณผ์ค‘๊ณผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ 15 4. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ง€์› ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ 17 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ 19 1. ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๊ด€์  20 2. ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ 23 3. ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 30 ์ œ 3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 34 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋งฅ๋ฝ 35 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋งฅ๋ฝ 35 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ๋งฅ๋ฝ 38 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ 41 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด 43 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 46 1. ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฉด๋‹ด 46 2. ์งˆ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋ถ„์„, ํ•ด์„ 49 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  51 ์ œ 4์žฅ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ํƒ์ƒ‰ 52 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง๋ฌด์™€ ์ƒํ™œ 52 1. ํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด ์ฃผ๊ด€์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ 53 2. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์‹ 64 3. ํ•™๊ต์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ 66 4. ํ•™๊ต์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธ์‹ 70 5. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ธ์‹ 73 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 77 1. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์  ์ฐจ์› : ์ƒ์• ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ต์œก ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 77 2. ํ˜„์‹ค-ํ‰๊ฐ€์  ์ฐจ์› 80 3. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฅ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ํˆฌ์˜ 87 ์ œ 3์ ˆ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 94 ์ œ 5์žฅ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ ์„ฑ์ทจ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ 97 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ ์กฐ๊ฑด 97 1. ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์  ๋ณ€ํ™˜ 97 2. ๊ต์‚ฌ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค 102 3. ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 103 4. ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ„ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„ํ™” 105 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์ถœํ˜„๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™” 114 1. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •์˜ 114 2. ๋ถ€์žฅ๊ต์‚ฌ ํ–‰์œ„์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ 119 ์ œ 6์žฅ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  124 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋…ผ์˜ 124 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  128 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 131์„

    Semi-abelian bundle realizations & some applications

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๊ธฐํ•˜์ „๊ณต,1995.Maste

    Integrated theoretical model for performance evaluation of flat-sheet membrane-based absorptive dehumidification module using lithium chloride-water solution

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    This paper presents an integrated theoretical model to evaluate the performance of a flat-sheet membrane-based absorptive dehumidification module with different flow arrangements (i.e., cocurrent, countercurrent, and cross flow configurations) using an aqueous lithium chloride desiccant. The model results showed good consistency with experimental data, with a maximum relative error of approximately 7%. The performance of the flat-sheet dehumidification module was evaluated for various air and solution channel heights ranging from 1 to 5 mm at a constant Reynolds number in both channels, in terms of sensible, latent, and total effectivenesses. The sensible effectiveness increased with a decrease in the air channel height and an increase in the solution channel height; in particular, the effect of the solution channel height was more pronounced in the cocurrent flow configuration. In addition, the latent effectiveness increased with a decrease in both channel heights. Thus, there was a trade-off between the effects of the solution channel height on the sensible and latent effectivenesses; consequently, the effect of the solution channel height on the total effectiveness was mitigated. The total effectiveness was observed to decrease in the order of countercurrent, cross-, and cocurrent flow configurations; here, its value in the countercurrent flow configuration was approximately 0.788 when both channel heights were 1 mm.This study was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03035821) and by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20194010201740)

    INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS IN A COLD ROLLING MILL

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