66 research outputs found

    (A) study on the factors influencing the cultural competence of employees in medical institutions treating foreign patients

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ 134๋ช…์˜ ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ •๋ณด ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™” ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ์˜ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค (1) ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์ง์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ์ˆ˜, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ด€๊ด‘ ๊ต์œก ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ๋‚˜์ด, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์œ ํ˜•, ์ง์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. (2) ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 1) ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์ฝ”๋””๋„ค์ดํ„ฐ, 2) ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ์ˆ˜, 3) ์™ธ๊ตญ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, 4) ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ด€๊ด‘ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ต์œก์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ด€๊ด‘ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ต์œก ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์„ค ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ต์œก์€ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.ope

    Olanzapine for the Acutely Agitated Psychotic Patients

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    Agitation is a common and urgent condition involving motor hyperactivity and symptoms such as irritability, combativeness, or impaired judgement. Rapid assessment and effective treatment are necessary to manage agitation and, potentially, to shorten the time to recovery. Rapid treatment with intramuscular (IM) typical antipsychotics and/or benzodiazepines may be essential to prevent injury to the patients or others. However, IM typical antipsychotics are associated with acute extrapyramidal side effects, and IM benzodiazepines may cause excessive sedation leading to respiratory depression, ataxia, and confusion. Recently, an IM formulation of olanzapine may present several treatment advantages when rapid treatment of acute agitation is essential in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and others. In addition, rapid initial dosing with olanzapine may be a useful approach to manage acute agitation in some patients with schizophrenia.ope

    Dimensional Analyses of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Checklist

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    Objective: Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has long been a unitary diagnosis, there is much recent interest in its potential heterogeneity, as manifested by symptom subgroups. Although the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y~BOCS) is a widely used instrument to assess obsessive-compulsive symptomat-ology, the variables reflecting the pathogenesis of OCD and Y-BOCS subscores usually were not significantly associateds The aims of this study are to clarify identification of dimensional structure of the symptoms from Y-BOCS checklist and to explore the factor structure of the Y-BOCS. .fethods : Ninety five OCD patients parti-cipated in this study and performed the Y-BOCS and Y-BOCS checklist. The 13 main symptom categories from Y-BOCS checklist and 10 items from Y-BOCS were factor analyzed by using principal components analysis. respectively. Results: Using principal component analysis, we derived 4 factors from 13 main contents of Y-BOCS checklist. Four factors-hoarding/repeating, contamination/cleaning, aggressive/sexual, and religious/som-atic-accounted for more than 60% of the variance. And we derived 3 factors from 10 items of Y -BOCS and these 3 factors-severity of obsession. severity of compulsion, and resistance to symptoms-accounted for more than 70% of variance. Conclusions: The four symptom dimensions from Y-BOCS checklist and three symptom dimensions from Y-BOCS were identified as significant factors accounting for the variance. These factors may be of value in future genetic, neurobiological, and treatment response studies.ope

    Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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    This article presents the knowledges regarding the evaluation and the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Probably the most important components to a comprehensive evaluation of patients with ADHD, are the clinical interview, the medical examination, and the completion and scoring of behavior rating scales. The treatments of ADHD are followings: pharmacologic treatment such as stimulants, atomoxetine, modafinil, and bupropionn, and non-pharmacologic treatment such as parental education/training and cognitivebehavioral treatmentope

    VEST ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์›์žํ•ต๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ๋‚˜์šฉ์ˆ˜.VEST ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ Ohmic ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ์˜ ์ „์ž ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. VEST๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ตฌํ˜• ํ† ๋Ÿฌ์Šค (spherical torus) ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์‹œ๋™ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ฐ€์—ด ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ตฌ๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์˜จ-๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. VEST์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์—ด ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ electron Bernstein wave (EBW), lower hybrid fast wave (LHFW), ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž…์ž๋น” (NBI) ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ, ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋„ ๊ฐ„์„ญ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์—ด ํšจ์œจ์ด๋‚˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์†ก ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ธ ์ „์ž ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ์— ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์ž…์‚ฌ์‹œ ์ „์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฐ๋ž€๋œ ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์ž์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’ ๋ณด์ •์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋น›์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์ž ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์€ ์™„์ „ํƒ„์„ฑ์ถฉ๋Œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํƒ์นจ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น” ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฒ•๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ธก์ • ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ์— ์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ mm ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ tokamak์ด ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„๋‹จ ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ณ„, ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ณ„, ํด๋ฆฌํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ (polychromator)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. VEST์˜ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์˜ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ธ 0.85 J์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €์™€ ์•ฝ 6์ฒœ๋งŒ ์›์˜ ์ € ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์€ ๊ด‘๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋Œ€ ์žก์Œ๋น„(signal-to-noise ratio, SNR)๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ทนํ•œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์›์ธ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ณ„๋Š” Nd:YAG ๋ ˆ์ด์ €์˜ ์ฃผ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ธ ๊ทผ์ ์™ธ์„  1064 nm์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†์‹ค์„ ํ”ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธก์ • ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ง€์  ๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์— ๊ฐ€์šฐ์‹œ์•ˆ ๋น”(Gaussian beam)์˜ ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„ (Rayleigh range)๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ด‘ํ•™๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ณ„์™€ ํด๋ฆฌํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์ด ๋†’์•„๋„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๊ด‘๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ชจ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์‹ ํ˜ธ ํ•ด์„์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ณ„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋” ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ณ„๋Š” VEST ์ง„๊ณต ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž…์ฒด๊ฐ์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ํด๋ฆฌํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋น›์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์†์‹ค์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ๋˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘๊ด‘๊ณ„๋Š” ์œ ํšจ ์ง๊ฒฝ 109 mm์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋น„๊ตฌ๋ฉด ๋ Œ์ฆˆ 2๋งค์™€ ์ฝ”์–ด ์ง๊ฒฝ 1500 ฮผm, ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜(numerical aperture, NA) 0.39์˜ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ž…์ฒด๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๊ณฑ์ด ์•ฝ 300 mm msr ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ 0.23-0.5 m ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด‘ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํ•ต์œตํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ KSTAR์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ ๋”ฐ์„œ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๊ด‘๋ถ€์˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ ํ•„ํ„ฐ(band pass filter)๋Š” ์ธก์ • ๋Œ€์ƒ ์˜จ๋„ ์˜์—ญ 1-200 eV ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์œจ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ํˆฌ๊ณผํญ์˜ ๊ฒน์นจ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํŒŒ์žฅ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ๋„ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ์šฉ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์œจ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ๊ณผํ•ด ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ด‘(stray light)์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด VEST ์ง„๊ณต ์šฉ๊ธฐ ์•ˆํŒŽ์— ๋ฏธ๊ด‘ ๊ฐ์†Œ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ 1/100๋ฐฐ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. VEST ์ง„๊ณต ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋Œ€์‹  ์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐ๋ž€(Rayleigh scattering) ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ž€๋‹จ๋ฉด์  ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’ ๋ณด์ •์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , VEST ohmic ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „์ž ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ 2ร—1018 m-3 ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง€์•ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•(Bayesian analysis)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์ž ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์ž ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ 2ร—1018 m-3 ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” 1ํšŒ์˜ ์ธก์ •์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ SNR์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ 3ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฐ๋ž€์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ „์ž ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์ž์„ฑ ๋ฃจํ”„(diamagnetic loop)์™€ ํ‰ํ˜•ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. VEST์˜ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์ง„๋‹จ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ€์œ„๋“ค์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ๊ณ„ํš์ค‘์ธ ๋ฒ„์ŠคํŠธ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €(burst laser)๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ „์—์„œ๋„ 1 ms ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 10ํšŒ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด SNR์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์† ๋””์ง€ํƒ€์ด์ €(digitizer)์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ KSTAR์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ค‘์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํƒ€์ด์ €์˜ ์„ค์น˜๋„ ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์„ ์†ํ•ด ๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ๋ฌถ์Œ(optical fiber bundle)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ํด๋ฆฌํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.A Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic system was developed to measure the plasma of the VEST device, and the electron temperature and density of Ohmic plasma were measured. VEST is the first spherical torus manufactured in Korea and it is studied to generate high-performance plasma through various plasma start-up scenarios as well as heating and current drive. In order to support the researches, heating systems such as electron Bernstein wave (EBW), lower hybrid fast wave (LHFW), and neutral beam injection (NBI) and the diagnostic systems such as TS system, spectroscopy, and multi-channel interferometer have been developed. The main purpose of this dissertation is investigation of the design, development, and optimization of the TS system that provide the reliable electron temperature and density, which is basic and important information for analyzing heating efficiencies and plasma transports in VEST. The TS system measures the electron temperature from the Doppler broadening of the scattered light by the free electrons inside the plasma with utilizing the high-power pulse laser. In addition, the electron density can be determined through absolute calibration of the system. It does not affect the target plasmas, in principle, unlike Langmuir probes or other beam diagnostics. Furthermore, because of its high spatial resolution, it is adopted as an essential diagnostics in tokamaks around the world. On VEST, the Thomson scattering system that consists of a laser injection system, a collecting optics system, and a polychromator is carefully designed and developed. It employed a laser with the energy of 0.85 J and a budget of about 60 million won, which are relatively low compared to the general Thomson scattering diagnostic systems. Therefore, methods to maximize the performance of the each part are explored in order to increase the signal level, while simultaneously minimizing noises to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. In the laser injection system, the fundamental wavelength of Nd: YAG laser, 1064 nm, is used to avoid the energy loss during the frequency doubling. The beam path was designed so that the Rayleigh range of the Gaussian beam is formed around the measurement target points, thereby improving the efficiencies of the collecting optics. There was trade-off between the collecting optics and the polychromator. Compromises in performance were necessary to meet the requirements within a limited budget. The collecting optics was developed with the priority, because the small number of collected photons cannot be analyzed even if the wavelength resolution of the polychromator is excellent. It was developed to maximize the collecting solid angle in the VEST vacuum vessel with minimal aberrations. It consists of two large aspheric lenses with an effective diameter of 109 mm and optical fibers with a core diameter of 1500 ฮผm and a numerical aperture of 0.39. It maintains collecting performance in the major radius of 0.23-0.5 m where the product of the collecting solid angle and the scattering length is about 300 mm msr. The optical transmission part of the polychromator was made based on the polychromator of KSTAR in National Fusion Research Institute. However, the band pass filters were designed to be suitable for the measurement of the temperature range of 1-200 eV. In order to reduce the budget, low cost commercial filters with low transmittance, low blocking rate, and poor wavelength resolution due to overlapping of pass band were utilized. For reducing the stray light that passes through the filters due to the low blocking ratio, the components for the stray light reduction were developed and installed inside and outside the VEST vacuum vessel. It lowered the stray light intensity to about 1/100 of the initial value. The Rayleigh scattering measurement was performed by changing the pressure of nitrogen for the absolute calibration of the system. Moreover, a circuit for the time synchronization between the VEST control system and the TS diagnostic system was developed. The TS signal were measured where the electron density is higher than 2ร—1018 m-3. The signals are analyzed by Bayesian method to determine the electron temperature and density. In case of the electron density was lower than 2ร—1018 m-3, accumulation of the scattering signals was required to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The time variation of the electron temperature and density measured by TS diagnostic system from repetitive experiments was compared with the tendency of the stored energy, which is calculated by the diamagnetic loop measurement with the equilibrium analysis. TS system on VEST is expected to improve the performance through partial upgrades because the main parts are accessible and easy to modify. First, when a burst laser is started to operate, the time variation of the electron temperature and density can be measured within a single discharge, and further increase in SNR is expected. Then, the introduction of a fast digitizer will follow to measure the burst laser signal. In addition, use of an optical fiber bundle could help signal level increase. As the number of polychromators increases, the radial profile will be measured.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus 1 1.2. Thomson scattering 4 1.2.1. Electric and magnetic fields of a moving electron 4 1.2.2. Radiation power and cross section 10 1.2.3. Incoherent Thomson scattering 13 1.2.4. Relativistic Thomson scattering spectrum 14 1.2.5. Principle of Thomson scattering diagnostics 18 1.2.6. Review of Thomson scattering diagnostic systems 19 1.3. Motivation 21 1.4. Objectives 22 Chapter 2. Configuration of Thomson scattering system on VEST 23 2.1. Requirements for measurement 23 2.2. Overview of the system 27 2.2.1. Laser injection system 30 2.2.2. Collecting optics 39 2.2.3. Polychromator 50 2.2.4. Data acquisition 51 2.3. Evaluation of the system 56 Chapter 3. Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio 57 3.1. Optimization of polychromator 57 3.1.1. Placement order of filters 59 3.1.2. Photon-to-electron conversion efficiency 62 3.2. Stray light reduction 63 3.3. Noise reduction 71 Chapter 4. Calibration of developed system 74 4.1. Spectral calibration 74 4.2. Absolute calibration 76 Chapter 5. Results of measurement 87 5.1. Extraction of Thomson scattering signals 87 5.2. Determination of electron temperature and density 91 5.3. Measurement on VEST 102 Chapter 6. Conclusion 105 Chapter 7. Future work 107 Bibliography 109 ๊ตญ ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ ๋ก 113Docto

    ์ž์›์˜ ๋™์  ๊ฐœ๋… : Resources ์™€ Reserves

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    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” 1962ๅนด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 4ๆฌก์— ๊ฑธ์ณ 5ๅ€‹ๅนด ็ถ“ๆฟŸ้–‹็™ผ่จˆๅŠƒ์„ ๆ–ท็ตถ์—†์ด ้‚่กŒํ•ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๅทฅๆฅญๅŒ–๋ฅผ ้€šํ•œ ็”ฃๆฅญๆง‹้€ ์˜ ่ฟ‘ไปฃๅŒ– ๋ฐ ้ซ˜ๅบฆๅŒ–๋ฅผ ๆ’ๅธธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ้‡๏ฆํ•œ ็›ฎๆจ™๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ์™”๋‹ค. ไธ–็•Œ้Š€่กŒ์˜ 1979ๅนดๅบฆ ไธ–็•Œ้–‹็™ผๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธ(World Development Report)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๅทฅๆฅญ้ƒจ้–€์˜ ๅนดๅนณๅ‡ๆˆ้•ท็Ž‡์€ 1960ๅนด์—์„œ 1970ๅนด๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” 17.2%, 1970ๅนด์—์„œ 1976ๅนด๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” 17.1%๋กœ 1960ๅนดไปฃ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ž์ด๋ ˆ์™€ ์ด๋ž€, 1970ๅนดไปฃ์—๋Š” ์ฝฉ๊ณ ์™€ ์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜์„ ้™คๅค–ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๆˆ้•ท็Ž‡์˜ฌ ่จ˜้Œ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1.2ๆฌก 5ๅ€‹ๅนด่จˆๅŠƒๆœŸ้–“ไธญ์˜ ่ผ•ๅทฅๆฅญๅŒ–์—์„œ 3ๆฌก 5ๅ€‹ ๅนด่จˆๅŠƒๆœŸ้–“๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๆ”ฟ็ญ–์˜ ๅŠ›้ปž์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๅง‹ไฝœํ•œ ้‡ๅŒ–ๅญธๅทฅๆฅญ์˜ ๅปบ่จญ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ่ณ‡ๆบ, ็‰นํžˆ ้ต็‰ฉ ยท ์—๋„ˆ์ง€่ณ‡ๆบ์˜ ้œ€่ฆ๋ฅผ ๆ€ฅๆฟ€ํžˆ ๆ“šๅคง์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๅง‹ไฝœํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๅœ‹ๅ…ง่ณ‡ๆบ์˜ ้™็•Œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๅˆ†ๆ˜Žํ•ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ้‡ๅŒ–ๅญธๅทฅๆฅญๅŒ–์˜ ๆŽจ้€ฒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ้‡ๅŒ–ๅญธๅทฅๆฅญ ๅŽŸๆๆ–™(้‡‘ๅฑฌ็ณป ๋ฐ ๅŒ–ๅญธ็ณปๅŽŸๆๆ–™)์˜ ๆฏ”้‡์„ ๅขžๅคง์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ่ผ•ๅทฅๆฅญ ๅŽŸๆๆ–™(็น”็ถญ็ณป, ๆœจๆ็ณป, ้ฃŸๆ–™็ณป)์˜ ๆฏ”้‡์„ ็›ธๅฐ็š„์œผ๋กœ ๆฟ€ๆธ›์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๅŽŸๆๆ–™้œ€่ฆ์˜ ้‡็š„ ๆ“šๅคง์™€ ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ้œ€่ฆํŒจํ„ด์˜ ่ฎŠๅŒ–๋Š” ้‘›็‰ฉ ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ่ณ‡ๆบๅ•้กŒ๋ฅผ ้‡ๅŒ–ๅญธๅทฅๆฅญ ๆŽจ้€ฒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๆŠ€่ก“ ่ณ‡ๆœฌ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๆ ธๅฟƒ็š„ ่ชฒ้กŒ๋กœ ็™ปๅ ด์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๅพžไพ†์˜ ๅœ‹ๅ…ง่ณฆๅญ˜ ่ณ‡ๆบ์˜ ้–‹็™ผ ยท ๆดป็”จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๅทฅๆฅญๅŒ–ๆŽจ้€ฒ์„ ็ˆฒํ•œ ๏ฅผ่ณช์˜ ไฝŽๅƒน่ณ‡ๆบ์„ ๅฎ‰ๅฎš็š„์œผ๋กœ ไพ›็ตฆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๅ•้กŒ๊ฐ€ ็ทŠ่ฟฝํ•œ ่ชฒ้กŒ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ่ณ‡ๆบ้œ€่ฆ์˜ ๅขžๅคง็พ่ฑก์— 1973ๅนด์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๅฑๆฉŸ๋ธ” ๅ‰ๅพŒํ•œ ๆ‰€่ฌ‚ ๆบๆบ๋‚ด์‡ผ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋Œ€๋‘๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋” ๅ•้กŒ์˜ ๆทฑๅˆปๆ€ง์„ ๋”ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ้Ž่จ€์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๅœ‹ๅ…ง้œ€่ฆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๆตทๅค–่ณ‡ๆบ์˜ ็ขบไฟ็ญ–์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๆตทๅค–่ณ‡ๆบ์˜ ๆŽขๆŸป้–‹็™ผ์ด ๆ”ฟๅบœ์™€ ็”ฃๆฅญ็•Œ์—์„œ ๆชข่จŽ๋˜๊ธฐ ๅง‹ไฝœ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ็›ธ็•ถๆ•ธ์˜ ไผๆฅญ๋“ค์ด ๅ…ท้ซ”็š„์ธ ๆŽช็ฝฎ๋ฅผ ๅ–ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•  ๆฎต้šŽ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ่ณ‡ๆบ ็‰นํžˆ ้ต็‰ฉ่ณ‡ๆบ์˜ ๆŽขๆŸป ๋ฐ ้–‹็™ผ์— ้—œํ•œ ๆ„ๆ€ๆฑบๅฎš์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ้‡่ฆํ•œ ่ณ‡ๆบ์— ๅฐํ•œ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„์ธ ๏งค่งฃ๊ฐ€ ไธ่ถณํ•˜๊ฑฐ ๋‚˜ ไธ้ฉ็•ถํ•œ ๏ฆต๋ฅผ ํ”ํžˆ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๆœฌ่€ƒ๋Š” ่ณ‡ๆบ์— ๅฐํ•œ ๏งค่งฃ๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ๋œป์—์„œ ่ณ‡ๆบ์˜ ๅ‹•ๆ…‹็š„ ๆงชๅฟต์— ๅฐํ•œ ่€ƒๅฏŸ์„ ่ณ‡ๆบ์˜ ๅ„็จฎ ็‰นๆ€ง์„ ๅˆ†ๆžํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ่ฉฆๅœ–ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค

    Prediction of future development of diabetes mellitus using postpartum oral glucose tolerance test in Korean women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž„์ƒ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 2. ์žฅํ•™์ฒ .์„œ๋ก : ์ž„์‹ ์„ฑ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž„์‹ ์„ฑ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •๋งฅ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„์— ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ธก์น˜์ˆ˜๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: 158๋ช…์˜ ์ž„์‹ ์„ฑ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 6์ฃผ, 1๋…„, 2๋…„, 3๋…„์— 75 g ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 1๋…„์—๋Š” ์ •๋งฅ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 1๋…„ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 1๋…„ ์ •๋งฅ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฐ˜์‘(acute insulin response to glucose, AIRg) ๋ฐ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ง€ํ‘œ(insulin sensitivity index, SI)๋ฅผ Box-Cox ๋ณ€ํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ •๊ทœ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ Pearsons correlation์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—์„œ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ Students t-test๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž„์ƒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ธก์น˜์ˆ˜, 75 g ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ, ์ •๋งฅ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„, ์•ž์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ROC ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์˜ˆ์ธก์—์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 1๋…„์— ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ์ •๋งฅ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Šฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฐ˜์‘์€, ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 1๋…„์˜ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ๋ถ„๋น„๋Šฅ์ง€ํ‘œ(insulinogenic index, IGI)30 (r=0.707, p<0.01)๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •๋งฅ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 1๋…„์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ Matsuda ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ (r=0.496, p<0.01)์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ „ ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜, ์ž„์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 6์ฃผ์— ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ 120๋ถ„ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ ํฌ๋„๋‹น ๋†๋„, ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 6์ฃผ์˜ HOMAฮฒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 3๋…„ ๋‚ด ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ROC ๊ณก์„  ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๊ณก์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์ (area under the curve, AUC)์€ 0.867 (p<0.001)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ ์ •๋งฅ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„์— ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ธก์น˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 3๋…„ ๋‚ด ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ดˆ๋ก-----------------------------------i ๋ชฉ์ฐจ-----------------------------------iii ๋„ํ‘œ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ๋ก---------------------------iv 1. ์„œ๋ก ---------------------------------1 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•----------------------------7 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ--------------------------------15 4. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ--------------------------------32 5. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ------------------------------38 6. ์ดˆ๋ก (์˜๋ฌธ) ----------------------------42Maste

    ๋ฌธ์ž์™€ ์‹ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ดˆ์ž„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ KAT - ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ -

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ๊ถŒ์˜ค๋‚จ.๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹์€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ดˆ์ž„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์‹์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ต์ง ์ƒํ™œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดˆ์ž„ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ค‘๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ดˆ์ž„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ดˆ์ž„ ๊ต์‚ฌ 7๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ์„ญ์™ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ, ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์‚ฌํ›„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ, ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ์ง€๋„ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌํ›„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋…์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ต์œก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ณผ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ง€๋„์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ 18๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋น„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ํ›„ ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ•ญ์€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ ๋‹ต์•ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์€ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ž๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ป์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ์ง€์‹(SK)์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์‹ฌํ™” ์ง€์‹(AK)๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ง€์‹(TK)์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. AK๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ˆ๋น„ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋งŒํผ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌํ™” ์ง€์‹์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. TK๋Š” ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์„ธ ์ง€์‹์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ SK๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์‹์ด๊ณ , TK๋Š” ์ง€๋„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด SK์™€ AK์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ง€์‹ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์‹ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ AK์™€ TK๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‹ฌํ™” ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ดˆ์ž„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์žฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก i ๋ชฉ์ฐจ iii ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ vi ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ vi I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 1. ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ๊ต์œก 5 2. ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹ 8 2.1. PCK 8 2.2. MKT 10 2.3. KAT 13 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 21 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 21 1.1. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 21 1.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 22 1.2.1. ๊ต์‚ฌ โ…  22 1.2.2. ๊ต์‚ฌ โ…ก 23 1.2.3. ๊ต์‚ฌ โ…ข 23 1.2.4. ๊ต์‚ฌ โ…ฃ 24 1.2.5. ๊ต์‚ฌ โ…ค 24 1.2.6. ๊ต์‚ฌ โ…ฅ 25 1.2.7. ๊ต์‚ฌ โ…ฆ 25 2. ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 26 2.1. ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ • 26 2.2. ๋ฌธํ•ญ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 27 2.2.1. ๋ฌธํ•ญ 1๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 2 29 2.2.2. ๋ฌธํ•ญ 3๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 4 32 2.2.3. ๋ฌธํ•ญ 5์™€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 6 35 3. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 40 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 45 1. ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 45 1.1. SK ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 45 1.2. AK ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต 46 1.3. TK ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต 51 2. ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 56 2.1. ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง• 56 2.1.1. SK๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 56 2.1.2. AK๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 60 2.1.3. TK๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 64 2.1.4. ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—์„œ ์ง€์‹ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 68 2.2. ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋น„๊ต 71 2.2.1. SK๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 73 2.2.2. AK๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 78 2.2.3. TK๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 83 V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  88 1. ์š”์•ฝ 88 2. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 94 VI. ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 97 [๋ถ€๋ก] 102Maste

    ์Šน์šฉ์ฐจ ๋Œ€์‹œ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ ํšจ์œจ ์ €๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2003.Maste

    ํ—ค์–ด์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์ฃผ์˜์  ์œค๋ฆฌ์„ค

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    "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?" ๋˜ "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰์œ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ, ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด(ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™์  ์œค๋ฆฌ์„ค๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์„ค), ๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ก ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐ” ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐ”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ์›์ ์ธ ์›๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ด ์–ป์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐ” ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์œ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง๊ด€์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค(์ง๊ด€์ฃผ์˜). ๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ธ์‹์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜ฎ์Œ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ฐธ ยท ๊ฑฐ์ง“์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ์ •์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค('์ฃผ๊ด€์ฃผ์˜'์™€ '์ด๋ชจํ‹ฐ๋น„์ฆ˜')
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