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    ๋ฃจํ…Œ๋Š„ ์ด‰๋งค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—”-์„คํฌ๋‹-์—”-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์•Œ์นด์ธ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฝํƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ™˜์ด์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™”ํ•™๋ถ€, 2014. 8. ์ด์ฒ ๋ฒ”.๋ฃจํ…Œ๋Š„ ์ด‰๋งค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—”-์„คํฌ๋‹-์—”-ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์•Œ์นด์ธ์ด ๋ถ„์ž ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ™˜์ด์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฝํƒ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ๋ง๋‹จ ์•Œ์นด์ธ์ด ๋ฃจํ…Œ๋Š„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฃจํ…Œ๋Š„ vinylidene์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ํ›„, ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์›์ž์˜ anti-Markovnikov ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด metallacycle์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ธ N-O ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์งˆ์†Œ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ์— ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฝํƒ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฝํƒ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.A ruthenium-catalyzed reconstitutive cycloisomerization reaction has been developed using N-sulfonyl-N-hydroxyaminoalkynes as substrates. In contrast to the gold catalysis that forms 3-pyrrolidinones from the N-sulfonyl-N-hydroxyaminoalkynes, the ruthenium catalysis gives lactams as the product. The scope and limitations as well as the mechanism of this catalytic 1,1-gem-difunctionalization are detailed in this dissertation.ABSTRACT ........................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................... 2 RESULT AND DISCUSSION ................................... 4 CONCLUSION ...................................................... 17 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION .................................. 18 REFERENCES ...................................................... 35 ABSTRACT (IN KOREAN) ................................... 38 ACKNOWLEDGMENT (IN KOREAN) ..................... 39 SPECTRA ............................................................ 41Maste

    Competing Policy Discourses in South Koreas ODA Policy

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์ง‘ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ์ •๋ถ€, ๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์›์กฐ์ •์ฑ… ๋ ˆ์ง์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋‹ด๋ก ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ์›์กฐ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์  ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ(intellectual leadership)์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์š” ์ •์ฑ…๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ด๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„๋•์  ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ(ethical leadership)์„ ์›์กฐ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์ •์ฑ… ์‹คํ–‰์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •์ฑ… ๋‹ด๋ก ์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.The paper explores the competition and collaboration among disparate domestic stakeholders engaged in South Koreas foreign aid policy. It suggests that two competing policy discourses exist โ€” one emphasising intellectual leadership and the other ethical leadership as the key policy objectives of South Korean ODA. The paper interpreted that the former policy narrative is based on the rationale of economic nationalism, and the latter drawing on ethical (inter)nationalism. In practice, the countrys political leadership tends to exercise critical influence over a complex amalgam of these discourses in alignment with their own political imperatives and interests

    ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ ํ‹ฐํ”ผ๋ฎค๋ฆฌ์›€ ์ƒ๊ท ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋†์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2014. 8. ์œ ์ƒ๋ ฌ.์‹์ค‘๋…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ, ์‹ํ’ˆ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹์ค‘๋…๊ท ์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œ๋ชจ๋˜๋˜ ์ข…์ „์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•ž์„œ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ์œ ์ „์ž์ธ luxCDABE ์˜คํŽ˜๋ก ์„ ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ temperate ํŒŒ์ง€ SPC32H ์œ ์ „์ฒด์— ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. SPC32H์˜ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— 6์ฒœ ์—ผ๊ธฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ luxCDABE ์˜คํŽ˜๋ก ์„ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. luxCDABE๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ ๋ฃจ์‹œํผ๋ ˆ์ด์ฆˆ(luciferase, LuxAB)์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ ํ™˜์›ํšจ์†Œ(fatty acid reductase, LuxCDE)๋ฅผ ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ luxCDABE๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ด‘๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ luxAB ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ง€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹œํ—˜์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” SPC32H-CDABE ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท  ๋ฐฐ์–‘์•ก 1ml ์—์„œ ์ตœ์†Œ 20๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท ์„ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ํ’ˆ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์ธ ์–‘์ƒ์ถ”, ๊ฐ€๊ณต ํ–„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ์œ ์—์„œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ €ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท  ์ˆ˜์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ฐœ๊ด‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ํ’ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ํŒŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ๋„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ๊ท  ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.Because foodborne illnesses continuously threaten public health, rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens in food has become an important issue. As an alternative to time-consuming and laborious conventional detection methods, a technique using recombinant reporter phages has been developed. Here, we developed an advanced bioluminescent reporter phage SPC32H-CDABE by inserting a bacterial luxCDABE operon into the Salmonella temperate phage SPC32H genome. Whole SPC32H genome sequencing enabled the selection of nonessential genes, which can be replaced with approximately 6-kb luxCDABE operon, which provides both luciferase (LuxAB) and its substrate, fatty aldehyde, as generated by fatty acid reductase (LuxCDE). Thus, the SPC32H-CDABE detection assay is simpler and more efficient compared to the luxAB-based assay because the substrate addition step is excluded. At least 20 CFU/mL of pure S. Typhimurium culture was detectable using SPC32H-CDABE within 2 h, and the signals increased proportionally to the number of cells contaminated in lettuce, sliced pork, and milk. These results thereby demonstrate that this phage successfully detects live Salmonella without appreciable interference from food components. Furthermore, the presented data suggest that SPC32H-CDABE represents a promising easy-to-use diagnostic tool for the detection of Salmonella contamination in food.ABSTRACT................................................................................................................i CONTENTS.............................................................................................................iii I. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................1 โ…ก. MATERIALS AND METHODS........................................................................7 1. Bacterial strains, bacteriophages, and growth conditionsโ€ฆ..................7 2. Engineering of phage SPC32H โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆ..โ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆ.......................11 3. Luminometric assayโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ......................................................17 4. Detection of artificially contaminated Salmonella in food sample .โ€ฆ.โ€ฆ18 โ…ข. RESULTS.................................................................................................20 1. Deletion of unnecessary genes from SPC32Hโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆโ€ฆ.20 2. Introduction of the luxCDABE coding sequence under the cps promoter โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.21 3. Fitness of the engineered reporter phage ..................................................25 4. Validation of bioluminescence production using engineered reporter phage infection. โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆ.28 5. Reporter phage-mediated specific detection of viable Salmonellaโ€ฆ.......31 6. Food applicationlettuce, sliced pork, and milk โ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆ..โ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆ......41 โ…ฃ. DISCUSSION.........................................................................................45 โ…ค. REFFERENCES....................................................................................52 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก.......................................................................................................60Maste

    ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹, ๆ—ฅๆœฌ, ไธญๅœ‹์˜ ้•ทๆœŸ ๆ›๏ง› ๆŽจ็งป 1900-2000ๅนด

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    Thesis(masters)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต),2007.Maste

    (A) study on the differences between external and internal customers in the perception of medical service quality, customer satisfaction and in

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    ๋ณ‘์›๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ์ตœ๊ทผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ง€ํ–ฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์‹ฌ์€ ๋ณ‘์› ์„ ํƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๊ฑด์ง„์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ง์›๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ์š”์ธ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์žฌ์ด์šฉ ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ์€ ์œ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ํ™•์‹ ์„ฑ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ, ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ฑ์˜ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, SERVQUAL ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 3์›” 30์ผ ~ 4์›” 13์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ž 344๋ช…๊ณผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๊ฑด์ง„์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž 139๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ ๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ธฐ์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํ›„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์€ SAS ํ†ต๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ง์›์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” Two-Sample t-test๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ด์šฉ ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์€ Pearson orrelation Coefficient, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” Mutiple - Regression Analysis์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ง์›์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ์œ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ, ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™•์‹ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ ์ง์›๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์™€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ด์šฉ ์˜๋„ ๊ฐ„์— ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์žฌ์ด์šฉ ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์žฌ์ด์šฉ ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด, ์œ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ง์›์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ด ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํƒ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.ope

    ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํ• ์ธ์ ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฌธ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์†Œ๋น„์žํ•™๊ณผ,2001.Maste

    Expression of Chicken Cartilage Derived Matrix Protein 10(CCMP 10) in Chondrogenesis

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    ๊ฐ„์ถ”๋ฆผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ญ ๋ฐฐ์•„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ฑ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ์—๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ์ „์—ฐ๊ณจ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํŠน์ดํ•˜ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์œ ์ „์ž CCMP 10์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ „์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ฑ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ ํŠน์ด ์œ ์ „์ž CCMP 10์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง ๋ถ„ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ CCMP 10์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ OFP vector๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ CCMP 10์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด transfection ๊ณผ CCMP 10 ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์  ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ญ ์• ์•„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ์˜ micromass culture ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋ถ„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ CCMP 10์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1 Transfection ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ CCMP 10 ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ•ต๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ํ•ต์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2 ์—ฐ์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์  ์—ผ์ƒ‰์—์„œ CCMP 10 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์—ฐ๊ณจ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ฑ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋ง‰ ๊ธด๋ผˆ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํŒ์˜ ์ •์ง€์ธต๊ณผ ์ฆ์‹์ธต์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์ธต๊ณผ ๋น„๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 3 CCMP 10 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์—ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 3 ์ผ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 5 ์ผ์งธ์—๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์–‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค ์ œ II ํ˜• ๊ต์›์งˆ์€ ์ „์—ฐ๊ณจ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 1์ผ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์–ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 5์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด CCMP 10 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ต์—์„œ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋ถ„ํ™”์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค

    ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€, ์ดํ‹€๋ผˆ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€-ํŠน์ด ์œ ์ „์ž PDLs22์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„

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    ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€(periodontal ligament)๋Š” ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ์ ‘ ์ดํ‹€๋ผˆ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์งˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณต๊ณผ ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”์™€ ๋ผˆ์™€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์งˆ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€-ํŠน์ด ์œ ์ „์ž์ธ PDLs22์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ PDLs22, osteonectin๊ณผ osteocalcin mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ RT-PCR๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , PDLs22์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํ›„ ํฐ์ฅ ์น˜์•„์™€ ์น˜์ฃผ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ PDLs22 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 14์ผ์งธ์— ์„ํšŒํ™” ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ osteocalcin mRNA๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์–ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, osteonectin PDLs22 mRNA๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์„ํšŒํ™” ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์  ์—ผ์ƒ‰์†Œ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ PDLs22๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์น˜์•„๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์น˜์•„์ƒํ”ผ์™€ ๋ณ„๊ทธ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ HERS(Hertwig's epithelial root sheath)์˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์น˜์•„์ƒํ”ผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ๋‹ค์Œ ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€, ์ดํ‹€๋ผˆ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์งˆ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๊ตฌ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€-ํŠน์ด ์œ ์ „์ž PDL22๋Š” ์น˜์ฃผ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒํ”ผ-๊ฐ„์—ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ผˆ์™€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์งˆ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค Identifying specific factors and/or mechanism regulating development of periodontal tissue will provide important information at to which molecules and cells are required for regulation of periodontal tissue lost as a consequence of disease. The origin and location of cementoblast and osteoblast precursor cells in adult periodontal tissues is not definitely known but it has been suggested that tooth related periodontal ligament may be the source of cementoblasts and the bone-related periodontal ligament for osteoblasts. However, little is known of the molecular mechanism controlling PDL function. PDL-specific protein; PDLs22 had been previously identified as a novel protein isolated from cultured human PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between human gingival fibroblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to examine the functional characterization of PDLs22 in differentiation of periodontal ligament. alveolar bone and cementum. Human osteocalcin (OC), osteonectin(ON) and PDLs22 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in primary cell cultures of periodontal ligament fibroblast during mineral nodule formation in vitro. And the localization of PDLs22 in rat tissues was detected by polyclonal antibody against PDLs22 by means of immunohistochemical staining. The results were as follows: 1. PDL celIs were capable of producing mineral-like nodules in vitro. 2. PDLs22 mRNA was expressed in the initial stages whereas it was not expressed in the calcification stage, during mineral nodule formation of PDL cells in vitro. 3. PDLs22 protein was expressed in external dental epithelium and stellate reticulum during crown formation stage, and was continued in external dental epithelium of Hertwig's epithelial sheath Also PDLs22 protein was strongly expressed in the bone and cementum-related side of the PDL and weakly expressed in the middle of PDL. In the developing bone, PDLs22 protein is only expressed in preosteoblast not osteocyte and osteoblast. The results suggest PDLs22 is important mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal reaction in development of PDL. alveolar bone and cementum and is related to initial differentiation of cementum and alveolar bone
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