29 research outputs found
Focusing on the Discussion of Alternatives by Expert Group (Delphi)
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : νμ λνμ κΈλ‘λ²νμ μ 곡, 2021. 2. νμ€ν.There is a question of whether the security of taxpayer's rights and the tax adjudication quality has reached sufficient levels despite the continued improvement of relevant laws or reorganization in the tax appeals, which is one of the essential tax relief measures. Therefore, this study tried to identify the factors that make up the quality of adjudication of the tax appeals and find the measures to ultimately improve the quality of adjudication and what priorities should be given, using the Delphi method with experts in the field.
Based on prior research related to the assessment of the quality of general administrative services, litigation, and administrative appeal, the factors: the promptness of the adjudication; the rationality and fairness of the decision; the procedural validity in the appeal process; other indirect factors including kindness and organizational immersion of the civil servants were identified as the key elements that compose the quality of adjudication.
Next, about 30 experts who are currently working at the Tax Tribunal of South Korea or have participated in the protest against taxation as tax agents were selected to find out how to strengthen the quality of adjudication based on the above factors. In the first round of the Delphi, each participant was asked to present any alternatives to improve the adjudication quality of the tax appeal without restriction. In the second and third Delphi, the proposed alternatives were classified to identify what was actively supported by experts and analyze the reasons for the adoption or rejection. As a result of the first Delphi, 49 alternatives were presented, which can be categorized as 1. Strengthening Networks, 2. Improving Review Systems, 3. Enhancing Expertise, 4. Improving Organizational Operations, 5. Secure Organizational Independence, 6. Develop Supporting Systems, and 37 of them were presented as final candidates by the result of the second round. Finally, 27 alternatives were adopted by the third round of Delphi, among which participating experts agreed as the essential alternatives were the followings: the recruitment of investigators and the increase of standing judges, the strengthening of staff expertise through internal education, the strengthening of coordination review functions (organization, personnel), the introduction of quality evaluations of adjudication itself, and the strengthening of organizational personnel and budget independence.
In particular, almost all experts agreed that the highest proportion of the quality factors of adjudication was the rationality and fairness of the decision, and that, for the improvement of it, a working environment should be created in which investigators and tax judges can fully deploy their capabilities in the process of investigation and examination.μ‘°μΈλΆλ³΅μλ¨μ ν μΆμ λ΄λΉνκ³ μλ μ‘°μΈμ¬νμ μμ΄μ μ§μμ μΈ κ΄λ ¨λ²λ Ήμ νμΆ©μ΄λ μ λ λ° μ‘°μ§κ°νΈμλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ λ©μΈμμ κΆλ¦¬λ³΄μ₯ μμ€ λ° μ’
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νκ³ , λΈνμ΄ λ°©λ²μ μ¬μ©νμ¬ μ λ¬Έκ°λ€λ‘λΆν° μ’
κ΅μ μΌλ‘ μ¬κ²°μ νμ§μ μ¦μ§μν€λ λ°©μμλ 무μμ΄ μμΌλ©° μ΄λ€ κ²μ μ°μ μμλ₯Ό λμ΄μΌ νλμ§λ₯Ό νμ
ν΄λ³΄κ³ μ νμλ€.
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μ§Έ, μ¬κ²°κ³Όμ μμμ μ μ°¨μ νλΉμ± ν보μ λ, λ·μ§Έ, κ·Έ μΈ κ°μ μ μμλ‘μ κΈ°ν 곡무μμ μΉμ λ, μ¬νμ μ°¨μ μμ΄μμ 물리μ , μκ°μ νΈμμ±, μ λμ μ κ·Όμ± λ° μ‘°μΈμ¬ν λ΄λΉμμ μ‘°μ§λͺ°μ
λ λ±μ΄ μ¬κ²°μ νμ§ μμ€μ κ²°μ νλ μ£Όμ μμλ‘ νμ
λμλ€.
μ¬κ²°νμ§μ κ°νλ°©μμ μμ보기 μν΄, νμ¬ μ‘°μΈμ¬νμμ 근무νκ±°λ, λλ λ리μΈμΌλ‘μ λΆλ³΅μ
무μ μ°Έμ¬ν μ λ¬Έκ° 20μ¬λͺ
μ μ λ³νμ¬ 1μ°¨ λΈνμ΄μμλ κ° μ°Έμ¬μλ³λ‘ βμ‘°μΈμ¬ν κ²°μ μ νμ§μ λμ΄κΈ° μν΄ νμνλ€κ³ μκ°νλ λ°©μβμ μ μ½ μμ΄ μ μνλλ‘ νκ³ . 2-3μ°¨ λΈνμ΄μμλ μ μλ λμμ λΆλ₯νμ¬ λ¬΄μμ΄ μ λ¬Έκ°λ€λ‘λΆν° μ κ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ μ§μ§λκ³ μλμ§λ₯Ό νμ
νκ³ κ·Έ μ§μ§νλͺ©μ μ±νμ΄μ μ μ§μ§λμ§ λͺ»ν νλͺ©μ κ±°λΆμ΄μ λ₯Ό λΆμνμλ€. 1μ°¨ λΈνμ΄ μ‘°μ¬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ 리ν κ²°κ³Ό 6κ° λλΆλ₯(1. κΈ°κ΄κ° λ€νΈμν¬μ κ°ν, 2. μ¬λ¦¬μ λμ κ°μ , 3. μ λ¬Έμ±μ κ°ν, 4. μ‘°μ§μ΄μμ κ°μ , 5. μ‘°μ§μμμ κ°ν, 6. μ§μμμ€ν
μ κ°μ )νμ μ΄ 49κ°μ λμλ€μ΄ μ μλμκ³ , 2μ°¨μμλ μ΄μ€ 34κ°μ λμμ΄ μ΅μ’
μ μΈ νλ³΄λ‘ μ μλμλ€. 3μ°¨ λΈνμ΄λ₯Ό κ±Έμ³μ μ±νλ λμμ μ΄ 27κ° νλͺ©μΈλ°, μ΄ μ€ μ°Έμ¬ μ λ¬Έκ°λ€μ΄ κ°μ₯ μ€μνλ€κ³ μ견μ λͺ¨μ λ°©μμ μ‘°μ¬μΈλ ₯ μΆ©μ λ° μμμ¬νκ΄μ μ¦μ, λ΄λΆκ΅μ‘μ ν΅ν μ§μ μ λ¬Έμ±κ°ν, μ‘°μ κ²ν κΈ°λ₯(μ‘°μ§, μΈμ¬)μ κ°ν, μ¬νκ²°μ μ체μ λν νμ§νκ°μ λμ
, μ‘°μ§μμ μ¬μ 립μ ν΅ν μ‘°μ§μΈμ¬ λ° μμ° λ
λ¦½μ± κ°ν μΈμ¬μ΄μ λ±μ΄μλ€. νΉν μ¬κ²°μ νμ§μ κ°μ νκΈ° μν΄μλ μ‘°μ¬λ΄λΉμμ μμμ¬νκ΄λ€μ΄ μ‘°μ¬ λ° μ¬λ¦¬κ³Όμ μμ κ·Έ μλμ μΆ©λΆν ν¬μ
ν μ μλ μ
무νκ²½μ΄ μ‘°μ±λμ΄μΌ νλ€λ λ°μ κ±°μ λͺ¨λ μ λ¬Έκ°λ€μ μκ²¬μ΄ μΌμΉνλ€.Chapter 1. Introduction 5
1.1. Background of Study 5
1.2. Problem Statement and Research Purpose 8
1.3. Structure of the Thesis 11
Chapter 2. Research Background 12
2.1. Tax Appeal in Korea 12
2.2. Current System of Korean Tax Tribunal 24
2.3. Literature Review 31
2.4. Research Question and Method 46
Chapter 3. Research Results 55
3.1. Specific Research Method and Results 55
3.2. Additional Survey: The Weight of Factors on the Adjudication Quality 80
3.3. The Effects and Implications of Each Alternative 82
Chapter 4. Conclusion 94Maste
λΆμ°λ°μ μ© μ©μ΅νμ°μΌ μ°λ£μ μ§μ HCCI μμ§μ νμ΄λΈλ¦¬λ μμ€ν μ΅μ ν
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Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : κΈ°κ³ν곡곡νλΆ, 2013. 8. μ‘ννΈ.νκ²½μ€μΌκ³Ό μλμ§ κ³ κ° λ¬Έμ κ° λλλλ©° μ μ¬μμλμ§μ λν μμκ° μ¦κ°νλ μΆμΈμ΄λ€. μ΄ λ μ°λ£μ μ§ μμ€ν
μ κ·Έ λμμΌλ‘ μ μ ν μλμ§ κ³΅κΈμμ΄λ€. μ΄μ μ λΆμ°λ°μ ν μμ€ν
μΌλ‘ μ©μ΅νμ°μΌ μ°λ£μ μ§μ λ΄μ°κΈ°κ΄μΈ HCCI μμ§μ κ²°ν©ν μλ‘μ΄ κ°λ
μ νμ΄λΈλ¦¬λ μμ€ν
μ΄ κ°λ°λμμλ€. μ΄ μμ€ν
μ μ΄λ§€μ°μκΈ° λμ HCCI μμ§μ λ£μ΄μ£Όμ΄ μμ€ν
μ ν¨μ¨μ μ½ 62%λ‘ ν₯μμν¬ μ μμλ€. νμ§λ§ μμ§μμ λμ€λ μΆλ ₯μ λΉν΄ μμ§μ μ¬μ΄μ¦κ° 컀 λΉμ©μ μΈ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ λΉν¨μ¨μ μμ μ μ μμλ€. λ°λΌμ μ΄λ² μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ°μ μ μΌλ‘ μ΄ μμ€ν
μ μμ§ μ¬μ΄μ¦λ₯Ό μ€μμΌλ‘μ¨ μμ€ν
μ μ΅μ νμν¬ κ²μ΄λ€. μμ§ μ¬μ΄μ¦λ₯Ό μ€μ΄λ λ°©λ²μΌλ‘λ ν°λ³΄μ°¨μ λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλ λ°©λ²κ³Ό μμ§μ μμΆλΉλ₯Ό λμ΄λ λ°©λ² λ±μ΄ μλ€. μ΄λ¬ν λ°©λ²λ€μ μ΄μ©ν΄ μμ§ μ¬μ΄μ¦λ₯Ό μ€μΈ μ΅μ νλ μμ€ν
μ μ μν μ μμμΌλ©°, μ΄ μμ§μ μ¬μ΄μ¦λ μ½ 60% μ΄μμ΄ μ€μλ€. λ€μμΌλ‘ μ΄λ¬ν μ΅μ νν μμ€ν
μ ꡬλ λ²μλ₯Ό λνκΈ° μν μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ§ννμλ€. μμ€ν
μ΄ 70-100% μμ€μ νμμμ ꡬλν μ μλμ§ λΆμνμμΌλ©°, λΆμ κ²°κ³Ό μμ€ν
μ΄ νμ€κ³μ μμλ ꡬλ κ°λ₯νλ€λ κ²μ μ
μ¦ν μ μμλ€.The demand for renewable power sources rises due to environmental issues and resource depletion. Fuel cell system is concerned as one of the alternatives. A new MCFC-HCCI engine hybrid system model, which is combined of a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, had been developed previously by the author. The engine was added to the hybrid system instead of a catalytic burner in standalone system. The hybrid system efficiency increased to about 62%. However, the engine size is too large in comparison with general engine, which yields same power output. Therefore, the engine is ineffective for cost. Firstly, in this study, the system was optimized by downsizing the engine for reduction the cost. There were several strategies for downsizing the engine, e.g. using a turbocharger, increasing a compression ratio of the engine. For using these methods, we could suggest the optimized hybrid system. The engine of the optimized system was downsized over 60%. Secondly, an approach to broaden the operating range was studied by running under various strategies which enables flexible power output, e.g. 70-100% power ratio. As a result, we analyzed the performance of the system and confirmed that this is feasible for off-design operation.Abstract
Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Nomenclature
1. Introduction
1.1 Research background
1.2 Previous researches
1.3 Research subjects
2. Modeling Descriptions
2.1 Hybrid system
2.2 MCFC stack modeling
2.3 HCCI engine modeling
2.4 Turbocharger modeling
3. Engine Downsizing
3.1 Increasing pressure of engine intake charge - Turbocharger
3.2 Decreasing temperature of engine intake charge
4. Off-design Operation
4.1 Optimizaed MCFC-HCCI engine hybrid system
4.2 Operating strategy for power variation
4.3 System performance
5. Conclusions
Appendix A
Appendix B
References
Abstract (in Korean)Maste
μ€κ΅μ RMB κ΅μ νμ νν ν¬ μ°μ μ μ΄μ§μ μν
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : κ΅μ λνμ κ΅μ νκ³Ό(κ΅μ μ§μνμ 곡), 2019. 2. μ΄μμ.Since the outbreak of the 2008 global financial crisis, doubts about the U.S. Dollar as an international reserve currency have been raised and these doubts brought about an international discussion on the transformation or reform of the international monetary system. In line with these economic trends, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) launched a series of national ambitious strategies to internationalize its currency, renminbi (RMB). China has established various policies for the internationalization of the RMB, including the establishment of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
The purpose of this study is to examine how expansion of financial technology (FinTech) industry affects the internationalization of the RMB, among various policies pursued by China for the globalization of the yuan. The preceding studies focused mostly on the liberalization of China's financial markets as a key driver of the RMB's globalization, but there was little discussion about the possibility of fintech innovation contributing to the currency's internationalization. Hence, the study aimed at investigating the link between expansion of the fintech industry and the internationalization of the RMB, mainly focusing on the analyses of how the fintech market can promote the RMBs internationalization.
After Chapter 1 introduces the purpose and the significance of the study, Chapter 2 provides the background of the RMB's internationalization and the general conditions that China should have in globalizing its currency. Chapter 3 examines the economic and financial status of China under the conditions set out in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 analyzes the possible effects of fintech industrys expansion on the globalization of the RMB, and the last chapter sums up the research findings. In conclusion, the findings point out that growth of the fintech industry can be a driver of the internationalization of the RMB by deepening financial reforms and enhancing the liberalization of the Chinese financial market.2008 λ―Έκ΅λ° κΈλ‘λ² κΈμ΅μκΈ°κ° λ°λ°ν μ΄ν κ΅μ μ€λΉν΅νλ‘μμ λ―Έκ΅ λ¬λ¬νμ λν λ¬Έμ κ° μ κΈ°λμκ³ μ΄λ¬ν λ¬Έμ μ κΈ°λ κ΅μ μ μΌλ‘ κ΅μ ν΅ν체μ μ λ³νμ λ
Όμνλ λ¨μ΄λ₯Ό μ 곡νλ€. μ€κ΅μ μ΄λ¬ν κ΅μ κ²½μ μ νλ¦μ λ° λ§μΆ°, μκ΅μ μμ (ε
)νλ₯Ό κ΅μ ννκΈ° μν΄ κ΅κ°μ°¨μμ μΌμ¬μ°¬ μ λ΅μ μ립νμλ€. λνμ μΌλ‘ μ€κ΅μ μμμμΈνλΌν¬μμν(AIIB) μ€λ¦½κ³Ό μΌλμΌλ‘ μ λ΅μ μΆμ§ λ± μμνμ κ΅μ νλ₯Ό μν λ€μν μ μ±
μ μ립νμλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ μ μμνμ κ΅μ νλ₯Ό μν΄ μ€κ΅μ΄ μΆμ§νκ³ μλ κ°μ’
μ μ±
κ°μ΄λ°, κΈμ΅κΈ°μ (νν
ν¬) μ°μ
νλκ° μμν κ΅μ νμ μ΄λ ν μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλκ°μ λν κ³ μ°°μ μλ€. μ ν μ°κ΅¬λ€μ μμν κ΅μ νμ ν΅μ¬ λμΈμ΄ μ€κ΅μ κΈμ΅μμ₯μ μμ ννλ κ²μ΄λΌλλ° μ΄μ μ λ§μΆ κ²μ΄ λλΆλΆμ΄μκ³ , νν
ν¬ νμ μ΄ μμν κ΅μ νμ κΈ°μ¬ν κ°λ₯μ±μ λν λ
Όμλ κ±°μ μμλ€. λ°λΌμ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ νν
ν¬ μ°μ
νμ₯κ³Ό μμν κ΅μ νμ μ°κ³μ±μ κ³ μ°°νκ³ νν
ν¬ μμ₯μ΄ μμνμ κ΅μ ν κ³Όμ μ μ΄λ»κ² μ΄μ§ν μ μλμ§μ λΆμμ μ΄μ μ λ§μΆμλ€.
μ 1μ₯μμ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ κ³Ό μ€μμ±μ μκ°ν ν, μ 2μ₯μμλ μμν κ΅μ νμ λν μ 체μ μΈ κ°μλ₯Ό μ€λͺ
νκ³ , μ€κ΅μ΄ μκ΅ν΅νλ₯Ό ꡬμ ννλλ° μμ΄μ κ°μΆμ΄μΌ ν νμν μΌλ°μ μΈ μ‘°κ±΄μ μ μνμλ€. μ 3μ₯μ μ 2μ₯μμ μ μν 쑰건μ λ°λΌ μ€κ΅μ κ²½μ μ κΈμ΅ νν©μ κ³ μ°°νμλ€. μ 4μ₯μ νν
ν¬ μ°μ
μ νμ₯μ΄ μμν κ΅μ νμ λ―ΈμΉ μ μλ μν₯μ λΆμνμκ³ , λ§μ§λ§ μ₯μμλ μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ’
ν©μ μΌλ‘ μ 리νμλ€. κ²°λ‘ μ μΌλ‘, λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ νν
ν¬ μ°μ
μ μ±μ₯μ΄ κΈμ΅κ°νμ μ¬νμν€κ³ μ€κ΅ κΈμ΅μμ₯μ μμ νλ₯Ό μ μ₯μν΄μΌλ‘μ¨ μμνμ κ΅μ νλ₯Ό μ΄μ§μν¬ λμΈμ΄ λ μ μλ€λ κ²°λ‘ μ λλ¬νλ€.Abstract iii
Table of Contents v
List of Figures vii
Abbreviations viii
Chapter One - Introduction 1
1.1 Research Question 1
1.2. Literature Review 3
1.3 Significance of Research 6
1.4 Research Methodology 7
Chapter Two β The Overview of the Internationalization of the RMB 10
2.1 The Background for the Internationalization of the RMB 10
2.2 Significance of the RMB Internationalization 12
2.3 Conditions Required for RMB to Become an International Reserve Currency 14
Chapter Three β The Status of Chinas Economy and Finance in Light of the RMB Internationalization 16
3.1 The Sustainability of Chinas Economic Growth 16
3.1.1 Chinas Economic Scale 17
3.1.2 Chinas International Trade and Investment 18
3.2 Liberalization of Chinas Financial Market 23
3.2.1 Foreign Exchange Market 23
3.2.2 Stock Market 26
3.2.3 Bond Market 28
3.3 Comprehensive Analysis 30
Chapter Four β The Impact of Chinas Fintech Industry on the RMB Internationalization 33
4.1 Deepening of Financial Reform 33
4.1.1 Reshaping the Financial System 33
4.1.2 The Internationalization of Fintech Companies 36
4.2 Liberalization of Financial Sectors 39
4.2.1 Expansion of Consumer Credit 39
4.2.2 Encouraging Foreign Investment in Finance 44
Chapter Five β Conclusion 49
Bibliography 51
Appendix 64
κ΅λ¬Έμ΄λ‘ 65Maste
ιε貑ι₯δΌζ₯μ ζζζ§ι μ ζζμ ιν η‘η©Ά
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λ νμ 400λͺ
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(64.4%)μ΄μκ³ , μ¬μλ 143λͺ
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νλ μμΈλ€μ΄μλ€.
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κ° λ§μ‘±λλ₯Ό μμΈ‘νλ ν¬κΈ°λ μ μλ€.
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κ΅μ 무μ μΉλ£μ λκΈ°μκ°
μ΄μκ³ , λμ§ΈμμΈλ κ°κ΅¬λ΄ μ΄μμ
μ΄ μμΈ‘λ³μμλ€.
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The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of out-patient satisfaction
with physical therapy service and to identify factors affecting the satisfaction.
Subjects were 400 out-patients (257 males and 143 females) at 20 treatment
facilities in Seoul. Questionnaire survey was conducted from February 23, 1990 to
April 23, 1990. Four hundred valid questionnaires were obtained and analyzed.
Analysis of the data was done by use of t-test, ANOVA, factor analysis and stepwise
multiple regression.
The results of this study were as follows:
1. The mean score for the satisfaction was 113.9 ranging from 73 to 146(Minimum
score=30, Maximum score=150).
2. Sex, age, marital status, occupation, average monthly income and waiting time
for treatment were significantly related to out-patient satisfaction.
3. In order to separate basic factors of the satisfaction, factor analysis with
varimax rotation was performed. Eight factors were derived from the analysis. The
proportion of variance explained by these factors was 56.8%.
4. The? first factor labeled "personal characteristics of physical therapist"
accounted 26.3% of the variance. The second factor labeled "treatment effect of
self-reported physical therapy" accounted 8.6% of the variance.
5. Using multiple regression, the most predictive variable for the total
out-patient satisfaction was waiting time for treatment and the next ones were age,
occupation, religion in that order (R**2=0.061).
6. For the first factor extracted from the factor analysis, the predictive
variables were religion, waiting time for treatment. For the second factor, the
predictive variable was family income.
These results suggest that out-patient satisfaction were largely related to
"personal characteristics of a physical therapist" and "treatment effect of
self-reported physical therapy". Therefore physical therapist should consider
personal characteristics and treatment effect to increase the patient satisfaction.restrictio
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